Q8 Pathology - Multiple Sclerosis

Question 1

Which diagnostic criteria is used for MS?

Accepted Answer

McDonald criteria

Question 2

What are some common neurological deficits as a result of single attacks for early MS?

Accepted Answer

Intention tremor, Lhermitte's phenomenon, Facial pain, Clumsiness

Question 3

What are some environmental factors that might make you more prone to developing MS?

Accepted Answer

Temperate climate zones, Diabetes, Lack of vitamin D, Climate

Question 4

Which clinical tests are used to aid in diagnosing MS?

Accepted Answer

Testing neurological dysfunction

Question 5

What are some common visual deficits as a result of single attacks for early MS?

Accepted Answer

Diplopia, Visual loss, Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Question 6

Malignant MS is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Continual progression leading to significant disability or death rapidly, Rapid onset

Question 7

Uhthoff's phenomenon (a common late symptom) is an increase in symptoms when the body temperature decreases

Accepted Answer

False

Question 8

Men are affected twice as often as women from MS

Accepted Answer

False

Question 9

Which type of matter is most often affected by MS?

Accepted Answer

CNS white matter

Question 10

What are some clinical manifestations for MS in the motor nerve tracts?

Accepted Answer

Paralysis, Weakness

Question 11

What are oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Cells that produce myelin

Question 12

What is true for an older lesion, where there has not been a remyelination?

Accepted Answer

Axonal loss, Astrocytes form a scar in the nervous tissue, keeping everything in place, Astrocytes prevents potential for remyelination

Question 13

What happens during an acute lesion?

Accepted Answer

Degeneration of oligodendrocytes, There is an inflammatory reaction, Destruction of myelin, Potential axon damage / transection

Question 14

What is the criteria for laboratory-supported definite MS?

Accepted Answer

1 attack; clinical evidence of 2 separate lesions & CSF oligoclonal bands, 2 attacks; clinical or paraclinical evidence of 1 lesion&CSF oligoclonal b., 1 attack; clin.evidence 1 lesion+paraclin. evidence 1 lesion&CSF olig. ban.

Question 15

Progressive-relapsing MS is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Steady decline since onset with super-imposed attacks

Question 16

Secondary progressive MS is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Disability increases even when no relapse is apparant, Initial relapsing-remitting MS that suddenly begins to decline

Question 17

What are some typical locations for MS to attack?

Accepted Answer

Brainstem, Beside the lateral ventricles, Optic nerves

Question 18

What are some clinical manifestations for MS in the sensory nerve tracts?

Accepted Answer

Loss of proprioception, Paraesthesia

Question 19

Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Remissions: Recovery due to remyelination, Attack / Relapse: Acute period of symptoms > 24 hours, Exacerbations: Period of worsening of symptoms

Question 20

Benign MS is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

One or two lapses, separated by some considerable time, Allowing full recovery, Not resulting in any disability

Question 21

MS results from inflammatory demyelination, which affects conduction of action potentials

Accepted Answer

True

Question 22

How do you diagnose MS?

Accepted Answer

Paraclinical tests, Exclusion of other diseases, Clinical tests

Question 23

What are some clinical manifestations for MS in the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Tremors, Loss of balance, Ataxia

Question 24

Which paraclinical tests are used to aid in diagnosing MS?

Accepted Answer

Evoked potential test to test for abnormalities in action potential, MRI to reveal lesions on brain and spinal chord, Lumbar puncture to test for oligoclonal bands

Question 25

What is the criteria for clinically definite MS?

Accepted Answer

2 attacks; clin. evidence of 1 lesion+ paraclin. evidence of another lesion, 2 attacks + clinical evidence of 2 separate lesions

Question 26

What happens during remyelination?

Accepted Answer

New oligodendrocytes maturate, The quality of the myelin is not as good, resulting in thinner patches

Question 27

Primary progressive MS is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Progressive and cumulative neurological deficit without remission

Question 28

Peak incidence for MS is 25-35 years old

Accepted Answer

True

Question 29

What are some clinical manifestations for MS in the cranial nerves?

Accepted Answer

Loss of vision, Diplopia

Question 30

What type of disease is multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune

Question 31

The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) is used to quantify disability in MS patients

Accepted Answer

True

Question 32

MS is more common in temperate climate zones

Accepted Answer

True

Question 33

Exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus during childhood might increase your risk of developing MS

Accepted Answer

True

Question 34

Symptoms of MS are extremely variable, depending on where the lesions are

Accepted Answer

True

Question 35

What is the criteria for clinically probable MS?

Accepted Answer

1 attack; clin. evidence of 1 lesion+ paraclin. evidence of separate lesion, 1 attack + clinical evidence of 2 separate lesions, 2 attacks + clinical evidence of 1 lesion

Question 36

What is the criteria for laboratory-supported probable MS?

Accepted Answer

2 attacks + CSF oligoclonal bands

Question 37

Which diagnostic criteria is used for MS?

Accepted Answer

McDonald criteria

Q8 Pathology - Multiple Sclerosis

Questions 37

Q8 Pathology - Multiple Sclerosis

Questions 37