Period 5 Buzzwords

Texas joins as the 28th state increasing tensions with Mexico and contributing to the outbreak of the Mex-Amer War

Congressional faction that advocated for harsh punishment of theSouth and equal rights for African Americans

Laws that divided the South into military districts +required states to ratify the 14th Amendment and establish new govs

Law granting citizenship and equal protection under the law toAfrican Americans, countering Black Codes

Constitutional amendment granting voting rights regardless ofrace, color, or previous condition of servitude

laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southsolidifying the disempower and marginalization of African Americans

Slave states (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri) that remained inthe Union, crucial for Lincoln’s strategy

the agreement ended Reconstruction by removing federaltroops from the South in change for Rutherford B. Hayes’s presidcy

southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party,often seen as traitors by other Southerners

Union strategy to blockade Southern ports & control the MSRiver, aiming to economically isolate & split the Confederacy

withdrawal of Southern states from the Union following Lincoln’s election,starting with South Carolina

Conflict between the U.S. and Mexico over Texasand California, resulting in U.S. territorial gains.

Proposed, but never passed, legislation to ban slavery in allterritories acquired from Mexico

Site of General Robert E. Lee’s surrender to GeneralUlysses S. Grant, effectively ending the Civil War

antislavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that stirred emotions and swayed public opinion in the North against slavery

Laws passed in South states during Reconstruction to restrict therights of African Americans and maintain racial hierarc

Attempt by abolitionist John Brown toinitiate slave rebellion by seizing a federal arsenal; he was captured and executed

Idea that the residents of a territory should vote on whether toallow slavery, proposed by Senator Lewis Cass

Law requiring citizens to assist in the capture of runawayslaves and imposing penalties on those who aided escapees

Supreme Court dec stating that African Americanswere not citizens and that Congres could not ban slavery in territories.

party that opposed slavery into westterritories argued that fre men constituted a moraly and economicaly superior system

Southern Democrat who regained control of state gov afterReconstruction seeking to redeem the South from Republican rule

Constitutional amendment granting citizenship to all born/naturalized in the US and ensuring equal protection under law

Executive order by Lincoln freeing slaves inConfederate-held territories, redefining the Union’s war aims

Union General William Tecumseh Sherman’sdestructive campaign through Georgia, aimed at breaking Confederate morale

Federal agency established to help ex enslaved peopleand poor whites by providing food housing, education, and legal aid

Abraham Lincoln's election as president, leading Southern states tosecede from the Union

series of debates between Lincoln andDouglas during the Illinois Senate race focusing on slavery and popular sovereignty

Political party founded on anti-slavery principles, attractingnorthern Whigs, Free Soilers, and abolitionists

Military strategy used by the Union to destroy Confederate armies and economic and civilian resource that supported them

Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, oftenviewed with suspicion by Southerners

Government formed by Southern states that secededfrom the Union, led by President Jefferson Davis

Period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the Southand integrating formerly enslaved people into society

peech by Lincoln affirming the war’s purpose as not onlypreserving the Union but also ensuring equality and liberty

Law that allowed popular sovereignty in KS andNE repealing the missoriy Compromise line and leading to violence inKS

territory ceded to the US by Mexico in 1848, including present-dayCA, NV, UT, AZ, and parts of NM and CO

Series of violent confrontations in Kansas between pro-slavery andanti-slavery settlers, foreshadowing the Civil War

First battle of Civil War where Confederates fired on thefederal fort in Charleston SC, prompting Lincoln to call troops

Series of laws that admitted CA as a free state introducedpopular sovereignty in UT and NM and passed aFugitive SlaveAct

system were freedmen&poor whites farmed others land in exchange for a share of the crop often leading to debt and povert

Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America,driving westward expansion and influencing U.S. policy.

White supremacist org that used violence and intimidation tooppose Reconstruction efforts and African American rights.

Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery throughout theUnited State

treaty ending the Mex-Amer War cedingCalifornia and the Swest to the US and setting the Rio Grande as the Texas border

Major Union victory and turning point in the Civil War,followed by Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address