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Environmental Science Chapter 16 Pre-test review Flashcards | StudBud
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Environmental Science Chapter 16 Pre-test review
Environmental Science Chapter 16 Pre-test review
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1
What is one negative and one positive way that increase in carbon dioxide might affect plants?
more plants growing because of rising water levels
more plants growing because of more CO2 for photosynthesis
less plants growing because of droughts and forest fires
less plants growing because of reduced photosynthesis
2
How will people in-land be affected by
global warming
?
have to provide resources for people displaced by rising sea
more severe storms, droughts, and forest fires
diseases spreading farther due to temperature increasing
decreased crop and timber yields
3
How would this diagram look different in the month of the July?
Southern Hemisphere would be tilted away from the Sun.
Northern Hemisphere would be tilted toward the Sun.
The Sun would be placed to the right
The Sun would hit the equator head on.
4
Why does the tilt of Eath's axis result in seasons?
The Sun heats different parts of the Earth unevenly.
Earth is farther from the sun at some times than others.
Intensity of sunlight varies with the sunspot cycle.
The Moon causes cyclical high and low tides.
5
In general, cool air can carry ________ moisture, while warm air can carry ________ moisture.
more, less
less, more
more, more
less, less
6
How does altitude affect an area's climate?
Precipitation falls on the windward side of mountain ranges.
Air pressure decreases with altitude, even at/near equator.
Air temperature decreases with altitude, even at equator.
DIfferent kinds of plants grow at different elevations.
7
What are
proxy indicators
?
programs that simulate or imitate climate processes
direct evidence of climate change
types of indirect evidence serving as substitutes for direct
amount of carbon dioxide emissions from a person or group
8
What information can be gained from studying sediments?
climate that produced the plants and pollen trapped
frequency of droughts and forest fires
composition of ancient atmosphere in bubbles
warm, wet years versus colder or drier years
9
What is a
carbon footprint
?
fee that government charges polluters for greenhouse gases
amount of carbon emissions person or group is responsible 4
limit on the amount of greenhouse gases that can be released
land and water needed to provide resources and store waste
10
What would happen to most of the sunlight that reaches Earth, if Earth had no atmosphere?
It would be conducted away.
It would miss the Earth.
It would be absorbed.
It would reflect out into space.
11
What information can be gained from studying ice cores?
warm, wet years versus colder or drier years
climate that produced the plants and pollen trapped
frequency of droughts and forest fires
composition of ancient atmosphere in bubbles
12
Which zone receives the most direct sunlight?
south polar zone
north temperate zone
the tropics
south temperate zone
13
What is the
Kyoto Protocol
?
exemption of developed nations from greenhouse gas limits
exemption of developing nations from greenhouse gas limits
international agreement that seeks to limit greenhouse gases
voluntary plan for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
14
What is
carbon sequestration
? How would it mitigate global warming?
releasing gases that react chemically with carbon dioxide
containers might leak carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
storing captured carbon underground
a small amount of carbon dioxide is kept from the atmosphere
15
How do scientists determine PAST climate conditions?
weather reports
direct measurements
indirect measurements
proxy indicators
16
What information can be gained from studying tree rings?
warm, wet years versus colder or drier years
climate that produced the plants and pollen trapped
composition of ancient atmosphere in bubbles
frequency of droughts and forest fires
17
What is
coral bleaching
? What causes this phenomenon?
increase in acidity of oceans.
increase in ocean temperatures
coral losing their bright colors due to death of algae
coral losing bright colors due 2 bleach produced by chem rxn
18
How has global warming affected ocean species?
rising ocean temperatures cause an overabundance of algae
acidity of ocean water prevents coral from building shells
basicity of ocean water is killing coral
rising ocean temperatures kill algae that coral reefs need
19
List three changes each person can make to reduce their
carbon footprint
regarding electicity.
conserve energy by turning off/unplugging devices not in use
install energy efficient appliances and devices
use alteratives to fossils fuels, such as wind, solar, etc.
pay less toward your electric bill
20
How has global warming affected land-based animal and plant species?
caused them to move to higher elevations
caused them to move toward the poles
caused them to move toward the equator
caused them to move to lower elevations
21
What is a
carbon offset
? How would it mitigate global warming?
planting of trees that take in carbon dioxide
voluntary payment made to take in CO2 a person emitted
carbon dioxide emissions a person or group is responsible 4
release of gases that react chemically with carbon dioxide
22
How do scientists determine CURRENT climate conditions?
direct measurements
indirect measurements
weather reports
proxy indicators
23
List three changes each person can make to reduce their
carbon footprint
w.r.t. transportation.
upgrade to a hybrid or electric vehicle
combine trips or walk or bike instead
live farther from work or school
use public transportation
24
What is the definition of global warming?
fracturing and melting of polar ice sheets and glaciers
increase in Earth's average surface temperature
changes in temperature, rainfall, wind patterns, and storms
rising sea levels as a result of thermal expansion
25
Briefly describe the pattern called
thermohaline circulation
.
cooler, saltier water at the equator sinks
warmer, less salty water from poles moves toward the equator
cooler, saltier water at the poles sinks
warmer, less salty water from the equator moves toward poles
26
What is a
cap-and-trade
program?
government penalties imposed on polluters
sustainable trade practiced internationally by treaty
clothing exchange program that minimizes waste
limits set on CO2 emitted; may be sold when any is left over
27
What forestry practice is most effective in mitigating
global climate change
, and why?
planting new trees, because they absorb carbon dioxide
planting new trees, because it reduces soil erosion
selection method, because old trees are left for habitats
clear-cutting, because it reduces soil erosion
28
What is the product of this chemical reaction (H
2
CO
3
) called?
carbonic acid
hydrogen carbon oxalate
dihydrogen carbon trioxide
carbon diacid
29
How will people in coastal regions be affected by
global warming
?
more severe storms, including hurricanes
displaced by rising sea levels
diseases spread farther due to temperature increase
water supply endangered by saltwater in aquifers
30
Is the greenhouse effect a good thing, a bad thing, or a little of both?
Bad, increased greenhouse gases result in global warming.
Good, this natural process makes life possible on Earth.
Both, it is necessary to life, but increasing temperatures.
31
Which zone receives less direct sunlight?
the tropics
north temperate zone
south temperate zone
south polar zone
32
How has global warming changed bird's migration patterns, and why might this be harmful?
birds may have no food source after migration
birds are more prone to disease and pests
birds migrate to winter habitats later
birds migrate to summer habitats earlier
33
What is the largest source of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, and why?
electricity, due to inefficient use and fossil fuel sources
ag and forestry, due to soil erosion and methane release
transportation, due to inefficiency and frequent use
industry, due to lax government regulations
34
Where do global wind patterns come from?
the Sun interacting with Earth's magnetosphere
convection currents caused by uneven heating
the hydrologic cycle
rotation of Earth
35
Absorption of excess carbon dioxide leads to
what
chemical reaction in the ocean?
CO2 + H2O → H2CO2
CO + H2 → H2CO
CO2 + H2 → H2CO2
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
36
What is the
greenhouse effect
?
pattern of cooler water sinking and warmer water rising
increase in Earth's average surface temperature
greenhouse gases prevent radiation, keeping heat near Earth
absorption and scattering of ultraviolet radiation by ozone
37
Which zone receives more energy from the Sun? Which receive less energy?
The northern hemisphere receives more energy.
The southern hemisphere receives more energy.
The poles receive more energy.
The tropics receive less energy.
38
How do the oceans affect Earth's climate?
redistribute heat through thermohaline circulation
absorb carbon dioxide for a cooling effect
absorb the Sun's radiation to retain heat
release carbon dioxide for a warming effect
39
Which of the following is
NOT
a
proxy indicator
used to determine past climate?
tree rings
ice cores
sediments
weather reports
40
Sunlight that reaches Earth might be...
transmitted
electrified
reflected
absorbed
41
How would climate zones be affected if Earth's axis were not tilted at all?
Climate zones would still be laid out as at present.
Climate zones would be reversed.
There would be no climate zones.
There would be no seasons (perpetual spring).
