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AP Music Theory Terms Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Music Theory Terms
AP Music Theory Terms
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1
What is
truncation
?
melodic pattern that is repeated but that begins on a different pitch
shorten something unexpectedly
smallest identifiable musical idea
to write or play music in some key other than the original
2
What is
retrograde
?
multiplication, rotation, permutation involving rhythms
pitches of melody or motive in reverse or backwards
sections are repeated, indicated by repeat sign, capo, or segno
melodic transformation in which successive intervals change direction
3
What is
binary
?
statement-contrast-return - ABA
A A B ½ A – just a bit of the opening comes back
2 main sections - AB
repeating; 1, 2, 3 verses, etc.
4
IV usually goes to...
vi
I or V or ii
iii
5
What is an
antecedent
?
"the answer"; terminal phrase in a period
"the question"; first phrase in a period
6
What is a
conclusive cadence
?
a cadence ending with a tonic triad (PAC, IAC, PC)
a cadence ending on the V chord
7
vi usually goes to...
V
IV or ii
I
iii
8
What is Song Form (AABA)?
12 measures with this chord progression: I-I-I-I-IV-IV-I-I-V-IV-I-V
32-bar song structure commonly found in Tin Pan Alley songs
9
What is the
leading tone
of a scale?
3rd degree of a scale
1st degree of a scale
5th degree of a scale
7th degree of a scale
10
What does
tutti
mean?
initial or primary melody
doesn’t fit standard form; continuous and non-repetitive
every instrument playing together
alone; section
11
What is a
bridge
?
contrasting B section in an AABA 32 bar song form
last note of one phrase serves as first note of next phrase
a melodic line is repeated in longer note values
transitional passage ending a section, leads to repeat
12
What is
conjunct
?
stepwise; pitches on successive degrees of the scale
skips and leaps; intervals larger than a second
13
What is a
turnaround
?
transitional passage at the end of a section, leads to repeat
a melodic line is repeated in longer note values
32-bar song structure commonly found in Tin Pan Alley songs
outer section of an AABA song form
14
What is a
consequent
?
"the question"; first phrase in a period
"the answer"; 2nd phrase in a period
15
What composer was famous for using sequences effectively?
Do you know the muffin man?
J.S. Bach
Last name Dover, first name Ben
Aqwafina
16
What is a
coda
?
accompanying melody sounding against the principle melody
a passage that brings a piece (or a movement) to an end
Yoda's baby cousin
shortening of note values
17
What is a
motive
?
to write or play music in some key other than the original
melodic pattern that is repeated but that begins on a different pitch
smallest identifiable musical idea
shorten something unexpectedly
18
What is
internal expansion
?
lengthening or stretching of phrase between its beginning and end
stepwise; pitches on successive degrees of the scale
breaking up motive into smaller bits for further development
successive intervals change direction
19
What is
lydian
?
natural minor with a b2; E to E
same as major; C to C
natural minor with a #6; D to D
major with a #4; F to F
20
What is
fragmentation
?
successive intervals change direction
breaking up motive into smaller bits for further development
stepwise; pitches on successive degrees of the scale
a means to delay cadential arrival by motivic repetition
21
What is a
retrogression
?
V to vi; makes you think you're going to I
series of chords that weakens a tonality
22
What does
soli
mean?
every instrument playing together
initial or primary melody
alone; section
doesn’t fit standard form; continuous and non-repetitive
23
What is a
cadential extension
?
small but recognizable part of motive
the prolongation or delay of a cadence
a melodic line is repeated in longer note values
outer section of an AABA song form
24
What is
ternary
?
repeating; 1, 2, 3 verses, etc.
A A B ½ A – just a bit of the opening comes back
2 main sections - AB
statement-contrast-return - ABA
25
What is
aeloian
?
major with a #4; F to F
major with a b7; G to G
natural minor with a b2 and b5; B to B
same as natural minor; A to A
26
What is an
inversion
(melodic inversion)?
pitches of melody or motive in reverse or backwards
melodic transformation in which successive intervals change direction
sections are repeated, indicated by repeat sign, capo, or segno
multiplication, rotation, permutation involving rhythms
27
What is rhythmic transformation?
multiplication, rotation, permutation involving rhythms
melodic transformation in which successive intervals change direction
pitches of melody or motive in reverse or backwards
sections are repeated, indicated by repeat sign, capo, or segno
28
What is
diminution
?
a melodic line is repeated in shorter note values
a melodic line is repeated in longer note values
29
What is a
deceptive progression
?
series of chords that weakens a tonality
V to vi; makes you think you're going to I
30
What is the
subtonic
of a scale?
lowered 7th degree of a scale
6th degree of a scale
2nd degree of a scale
4th degree of a scale
31
What is a
harmonic rhythm
?
music written out derived from figured bass
the rate at which chords change
using one or more tones that are common to both keys
formed by 2-3 neighbor notes occurring at the same time in similar motion
32
What is
strophic
?
A A B ½ A – just a bit of the opening comes back
2 main sections - AB
statement-contrast-return - ABA
repeating; 1, 2, 3 verses, etc.
33
What is a
countermelody
?
breaking up motive into smaller fragments
pitches of melody or motive in reverse or backwards
accompanying melody sounding against the principle melody
successive intervals change direction
34
What is a contrasting period?
group of phrases seem to belong together without forming a period
period in which phrase beginnings are not similar
melodic material that begins the two halves of the periods are similar
4 phrases in 2 pairs with a strong final cadence
35
V usually goes to I or...
ii
IV
vi
viio
36
What is a double period?
period in which phrase beginnings are not similar
group of phrases seem to belong together without forming a period
melodic material that begins the two halves of the periods are similar
4 phrases in 2 pairs with a strong final cadence
37
What is a
transposition
?
shorten something unexpectedly
smallest identifiable musical idea
to write or play music in some key other than the original
melodic pattern that is repeated but that begins on a different pitch
38
What is an
elision
?
small but recognizable part of motive
transitional passage at the end of a section
shape of a melody or line
when last note of one phrase serves as first note of next phrase
39
What is a cadence?
last note of one phrase serves as 1st note of next phrase
contrasting B section in an AABA 32 bar song form
shape of a melody or line
an arrival at a point of relative repose/closure
40
What is the
dominant
of a scale?
7th degree of a scale
3rd degree of a scale
1st degree of a scale
5th degree of a scale
41
What is
literal repetition
?
melodic transformation in which successive intervals change direction
pitches of melody or motive in reverse or backwards
sections are repeated, indicated by repeat sign, capo, or segno
multiplication, rotation, permutation involving rhythms
42
What is the
submediant
of a scale?
1st degree of a scale
4th degree of a scale
5th degree of a scale
6th degree of a scale
43
What is
rounded binary
?
repeating; 1, 2, 3 verses, etc.
statement-contrast-return - ABA
A A B ½ A – just a bit of the opening comes back
2 main sections - AB
44
What is a
sequence
?
smallest identifiable musical idea
shorten something unexpectedly
melodic pattern that is repeated but that begins on a different pitch
to write or play music in some key other than the original
45
What is the
mediant
of a scale?
1st degree of a scale
7th degree of a scale
3rd degree of a scale
5th degree of a scale
46
What is
phrygian
?
major with a #4; F to F
same as major; C to C
natural minor with a b2; E to E
natural minor with a #6; D to D
47
What is octave displacement?
Mambo #5!
taking a melodic line and moving some of the notes into a different octave
48
What is
dorian
?
natural minor with a b2; E to E
same as major; C to C
natural minor with a #6; D to D
major with a #4; F to F
49
What is a phrase group?
melodic material that begins the two halves of the periods are similar
period in which phrase beginnings are not similar
group of phrases seem to belong together without forming a period
4 phrases in 2 pairs with a strong final cadence
50
What is
through-composed
?
doesn’t fit standard form; continuous and non-repetitive
alone; section
every instrument playing together
initial or primary melody
51
What is
tonicization
?
A chord other than tonic seems to the ear to be a temporary tonic
Fizzy water added to any another liquid
52
What is contour?
the prolongation or delay of a cadence
a cadence ending with a tonic triad
shape of a melody or line
small but recognizable part of motive
53
ii usually goes to...
V
I
IV
vi
54
What is
augmentation
?
a melodic line is repeated in longer note values
a melodic line is repeated in shorter note values
55
What is the
supertonic
of a scale?
2nd degree of a scale
4th degree of a scale
1st degree of a scale
6th degree of a scale
56
What is a
fragment
?
pattern that is repeated in the same voice but begins on a different pitch
the prolongation or delay of a cadence
small but recognizable part of motive
shortening of note values; opposite of augmentation
57
What is a
common tone modulation
?
music written out derived from figured bass
using one or more tones that are common to both keys
formed by 2-3 neighbor notes occurring at the same time in similar motion
the rate at which chords change
58
What is
ionian
?
natural minor with a #6; D to D
natural minor with a b2; E to E
major with a #4; F to F
same as major; C to C
59
What is
mixolydian
?
same as natural minor; A to A
major with a b7; G to G
major with a #4; F to F
natural minor with a b2 and b5; B to B
60
What is a chorus?
same as refrain
outer section of an AABA song form, similar musical material throughout
contrasting B section in an AABA 32 bar song form
transitional passage at the end of a section
61
What is 12-bar blues?
12 measures with this chord progression: I-I-I-I-IV-IV-I-I-V-IV-I-V
32-bar song structure commonly found in Tin Pan Alley songs
62
What is another word for
verse
?
chorus
phrygian
stanza
refrain
63
What is a
neighboring chord
?
formed by 2-3 neighbor notes occurring at the same time in similar motion
music written out derived from figured bass
the rate at which chords change
using one or more tones that are common to both keys
64
Choose the best definition of a period:
1 phrase ending in a PAC
2 phrases in antecedent/consequent relationship
2 phrases in antecedent/consequent relationship ending in a cadence
2 random phrases
65
What is the
subdominant
of a scale?
5th degree of a scale
1st degree of a scale
6th degree of a scale
4th degree of a scale
66
What is
locrian
?
same as natural minor; A to A
natural minor with a b2 and b5; B to B
major with a #4; F to F
major with a b7; G to G
67
What is a
theme
?
every instrument playing together
initial or primary melody
doesn’t fit standard form; continuous and non-repetitive
alone; section
68
What is
tonic
?
3rd degree of a scale
1st degree of a scale
5th degree of a scale
7th degree of a scale
69
What is an
extension
(phrase extension)?
stepwise; pitches on successive degrees of the scale
breaking up motive into smaller fragments
successive intervals change direction
a means to delay cadential arrival by motivic repetition
70
What is a
secondary dominant
?
borrowing the viio or viio7 from another key
borrowing the V or V7 from another key
71
What is a parallel period?
group of phrases seem to belong together without forming a period
4 phrases in 2 pairs with a strong final cadence
period in which phrase beginnings are not similar
melodic material that begins the two halves of the periods are similar
72
What is a
secondary leading tone chord
?
borrowing the V or V7 from another key
borrowing the viio or viio7 from another key
73
What is disjunct?
stepwise; pitches on successive degrees of the scale
skips and leaps; intervals larger than a second
74
What is a
realization
?
formed by 2-3 neighbor notes occurring at the same time in similar motion
music written out derived from figured bass
the rate at which chords change
using one or more tones that are common to both keys
