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Pharmacology Final Exam Review Fall 2018 Flashcards | StudBud
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Pharmacology Final Exam Review Fall 2018
Pharmacology Final Exam Review Fall 2018
90 terms
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review for the final
Flashcards
90 cards
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Questions
90
Answers
1
do statins improve liver function?
no
yes
2
which medication is OK to take with dairy products?
glucocorticoids
iron/ferrous sulfate
tetracycline
ciprofloxacin
3
what is the BEST medication to relieve a runny nose?
mucolytic
bronchoconstrictor
cough suppressant
bronchodilator
4
when should annual influenza vaccinations be given for maximum protection?
August
December
October
May
5
naloxone can be used for
prevention of opioid overdose
reversal of acetaminophen overdose
reversal of opioid overdose
reversal of glucocorticoid overdose
6
the most effective medication for lowering cholesterol is
beta blockers
binding agents
statins
nitrates
7
what is the MOST important use for epinephrine?
increasing pulse rate
treatment of hives
treatment of anaphylaxis
re-establishment of heart beat
8
first line therapy for heart failure includes all of the following EXCEPT
beta blockers
RAAS inhibitors
diuretics
calcium channel blockers
9
all of the following are side effects of nitroglycerin EXCEPT
headache
dizziness
pulmonary edema
lower extremity edema
10
beta 1 adrenergic blockers are used to treat all of the following
EXCEPT
constipation
stage fright
high blood pressure
heart failure
11
if a patient develops signs of a severe anaphylactic reaction after receiving a med, the nurse
panic
should contact the provider and prepare to administer epi
do cpr
contact the provider and prepare to administer narcan
12
which class of medication is used for overactive bladder symptoms?
beta 1 receptor agonists
muscarinic antagonists
beta 1 receptor antagonists
muscarinic agonists
13
the best time to take a statin is with
the evening meal
on an empty stomach
the morning meal
lunch
14
glucocorticoids are preferred over nsaids for reduction of inflammation for all
eXCEPT:
help protect tissues from damage
lack of side effects
work with multiple mechanisms to reduce inflammation
reduce the immune component of inflammation
15
both aspirin and nsaids can cause hypersensitivity reactions
true
false
16
why are the "azoles" preferred to amphotericin B for treatment of fungal infections?
they are more convenient
they are less expensive
they are less toxic
17
what is the maximum dose of acetaminophen a person with risk for liver damage should take daily
four grams
three grams
two grams
one gram
18
which is an expected side effect of nitrofurantoin?
green urine
orange urine
red urine
brown urine
19
what
class
of medication prevents ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs
gastric acid blockers
gastric acid secreters
proton pump inhibitors
omeprazole
20
candida in a patient taking antibiotics is an example of
superinfection
bacterial infection
side effect
viral infection
21
What is NOT a property of an IDEAL drug?
unpredictable action
inexpensive
easy to administer
chemically stable
22
which of the following symptoms of a patient taking alendronate should be reported immediately
difficulty ambulating
difficulty deficating
difficulty urinating
difficulty swallowing
23
what is the risk of abruptly stopping a glucocorticoid?
destruction of red blood cells
reduced urine production
there is not any risk
adrenal crisis
24
what antibiotic should be avoided in pregnancy because it causes permanent tooth discoloration?
gentamycin
ampicillin
tetracycline
doxycycline
25
patients should rinse their mouth after using glucocorticoid inhalers to prevent
viral infections
parasite infections
bacterial infections
fungal infections
26
how would the nurse see nephrotoxicity manifested in a patient on cyclosporine?
decreased BUN and creatinine
increased white blood cell count
decreased hematocrit
increased BUN and creatinine
27
why does a complete blood count need to be monitored for patients taking azithioprine?
anemia and leukocytosis can occur
thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis can occur
anemia and thrombocytopenia can occur
28
which insulin type is the FASTEST acting?
lantus
NPH
regular
lispro
29
how do most diuretics work?
enhancing sodium reabsorption in the kidney
blocking the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney
blocking the reabsorption of potassium in the kidney
enhancing calcium loss
30
what is the result of pharmacologic tolerance of opioid administration to a patient?
a smaller dose will be needed to achieve the same relief
large doses will send them into a coma
they will need the maximum possible dose for pain relief
a larger dose will be needed to achieve the same pain relief
31
if a patient is taking gentamycin, what is the best choice for pain relief?
acetaminophen
naproxen
ibuprofen
32
acetylcysteine (mucomyst) is the antidote to
naproxen overdose
beta blocker poisoning
acetaminophen poisoning
ibuprofen overdose
33
mannitol is used for
decreasing blood flow to the kidneys
increasing blood pressure
decreasing intracranial pressure
decreasing blood pressure
34
which of the following is NOT a sign of anticholinergic poisoning?
dry mouth
high temperature
light sensitivity
hypothermia
35
the target organ for beta 1 adrenergic agonists is
the brain
the kidney
the heart
the lungs
36
the class of diuretics that are the first line choice for hypertension are
potassium sparing
osmotic
loop
thiazide
37
which of the following is NOT a symptom of red man syndrome?
hives
bradycardia
red upper body
flushing
38
which calcium channel blocker produces severe constipation?
verapamil
diltiazem
furosemide
vernicular
39
to which patient would you question an order for spironolactone?
Na+ of 142
Na+ of 137
K+ of 4
K+ of 5.8
40
the most common cause of chronic hepatitis is
alcohol abuse
acetaminophen overdose
hepatitis A infection
hepatitis B or C infection
41
what is the drug of choice for MRSA?
ampicillin
penicillin
tetracycline
vancomycin / daptamycin
42
if a nurse gives a patient sl nitroglycerin and chest pain is not relieved, what is NEXT step?
call 911
continue to monitor
repeat the dose in 30 minutes
repeat the dose in 5 minutes
43
what do ARBs do?
prevent angiotensin 2 from binding to receptor sites
prevent conversation of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
inactivate receptor sites
44
which of the following is an expected side effect of rifampin?
orange tinged urine
black urine
brown urine
bright yellow urine
45
what is a PRIORITY for patients receiving codeine?
prevention of addiction
constipation management
diarrhea management
46
first line treatment for Graves disease is
metoprolol
methimiazole
beta blocker
levothyroxone
47
the class of diuretics producing the MOST diuresis are
thiazide
osmotic
loop
48
which of the following is NOT a side effect of nifedipine?
headache
tachycardia
gum hyperplasia
lower extremity edema
49
why don't antihistamines PREVENT allergic or anaphylaxtic reactions?
allergic reactions are caused by histamines
Allergic reactions are caused by parasites
allergic reactions are caused by IgE
allergic reactions caused by mediators other than histamines
50
which quality of an ideal drug enhances patient adherence to the prescribed regimen?
predictable
expensive
easy to administer
chemically stable
51
if a drug has a narrow therapeutic range, what intervention should the nurse take
first?
monitor ambulation
monitor vital signs
monitor level of consciousness
monitor blood plasma levels
52
what education does the nurse need to give the patient taking spironolactone?
take potassium supplements
avoid taking potassium supplements
eat oranges and bananas
drink lots of fruit juices
53
how often do glucocorticoids need to be taken to achieve maximum therapeutic effects?
annually
monthly
weekly
daily
54
which of the following is an example of clinical pharmacology?
the nurse teaching a patient about adverse effects
a nurse teaching a patient about excretion of a medication
a nurse teaching a patient how medication treats an illness
the nurse teaching a patient about side effects
55
what are the most effective immunosuppressants?
tacrilimus and gluticocorticoids
cyclosporine and gluticocorticoids
cyclosporine and tacrilimus
cyclosporine and prednisone
56
enteracept damages the
stomach
heart
liver
kidney
57
the fastest acting vasodilator is
sodium nitroprusside
verapamil
nitric oxide
diltiazem
58
why should patients complete the entire regimen of antibiotics, even if they feel better?
stopping too early promotes antibiotic resistance
someone could go to jail for using their antibiotics
they could get sick again
the drug companies wouldn't make as much money
59
which of the following is NOT a normal digoxin level?
0.9
0.5
0.6
0.8
60
which lab value is MOST concerning to a patient taking hydrochlorothiazide?
elevated creatinine clearance
elevated red blood cell count
elevated white blood cell count
elevated monocytes
61
the classic triad of opioid toxicity includes all EXCEPT
coma
pinpoint pupils
respiratory depression
urticaria
62
cox 2 inhibitors protect against heart attack and stroke
true
false
63
if a patient on digoxin sees yellow halos around lights, what is he experiencing?
digitalis toxicity
hallucinations
anaphylaxis
side effect
64
alpha 1 receptor antagonists cause vasodilation. What should you teach your patients?
Get up quickly to go to the bathroom
ensure throw rugs are taped to the floor to avoid slipping
Arise slowly from laying to standing to avoid hypotension
take hot showers to constrict vessels
65
why doesn't acetaminophen cause GI side effects like other COX inhibitors?
it has minimal effects on the central sites
it is metabolized by the liver
it has minimal effects on the peripheral sites
it has extensive effects on the peripheral sites
66
why are COPD patients prescribed a combination inhaler with a beta 2 agonist & a glucocorticoid
so the pharmaceutical companies can make more money
to prevent exacerbations
to cure the disease
67
when is the BEST time to take levothyroxine?
with lunch
early morning on an empty stomach
with cocktails
late evening
68
which dosing schedule promotes optimal adherence?
once daily
twice daily
three times daily
every 4 hours
69
alpha 1 receptor activity causes
vasospasm
tachycardia
vasodilation
vasoconstriction
70
patients taking both gentamycin and furosemide should report
constipation
tinnitus
increased urine output
diarrhea
71
why is it important to teach patients not to take drugs with similar ingredients together?
it decreases the risk of toxicity
it decreases the effectiveness of the medication
it decreases the risk of side effects
it increases the risk of toxicity
72
the greatest protection for hospitalized patients against infection is
use of antiseptics by hospital staff
good hand hygiene of visitors
good room cleaning by housekeeping
isolation protocols followed strictly
73
what is a priority intervention after initial administration of an ACE inhibitor?
monitoring of level of consciousness
monitoring of temperature
monitoring of blood pressure
monitoring of apical pulse
74
what is the mechanism of action for acyclovir?
inhibits replication by suppressing protein transport
inhibits replication by mimicing RNA
inhibits replication by suppressing DNA synthesis
75
if a nurse finds signs of opioid toxicity, the
FIRST
intervention is:
administer naloxone
do CPR
call the provider
call the charge nurse
76
calcium channels are coupled with which receptors in the heart?
beta 2
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
77
laxatives are contraindicated in patients with
bowel obstruction
developmental delay
obstipation
constipation
78
what does guiafenesen do?
thickens mucous to relief pain in the throat
thins mucous so it can be swallowed easier
thins mucous so coughs are more productive
79
how long before surgery should aspirin be stopped?
1 month
4 days
1 week
1 day
80
why should potassium levels be monitored in a patient taking furosemide?
hypercalcemia is a side effect
hypocalcemia is a side effect
hypokalemia is a side effect
hyperkalemia is a side effect
81
can catecholimines cross the blood brain barrier?
yes
no
82
the most abused laxatives by the general public are
bulk forming
stimulant
osmotic
83
antidysrhythmic drugs can cause new dysrhythmias
false
true
84
what should the nurse do prior to administering digoxin?
check level of consciousness
palpate radial pulse
ausculate breath sounds
auscultate apical pulse
85
what lab values need to be monitored with ACE inhibitors
platelets
BUN and Creatinine
CK and MB
WBC and RBC
86
what is the mechanism of action for amphotericin B?
increases destruction of cell membrane
increases destruction of cell wall
increases cell wall permeability
87
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole given to a pregnant woman near term can cause____ in the newborn
kernicterus
jaundice of the liver
kernicopia
kernals
88
the initial drug of choice for type 2 diabetes is
januvia
lispro
lantus
metformin
89
if you take a drug for the first time develops shortness of breath, & VS stable, it is a
black box warning
side effect
anaphylactic effect
annoyance
90
why are tuberculosis medications given in a clinic?
so the nurse can take vital signs each visit
to decrease the cost to the patient
so the nurse can ensure the patient is taking the meds
