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EIP MIDTERM
EIP MIDTERM
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Answers
1
Which one is not one of the three goals of EBP:
patient values & circumstances
clincal expertise
Integrate best available evidence
provide oppurutnities for further research
2
What are the 5 steps to EBP (in correct order):
Answerable Q, find evidence, apraise evi., integrate apraisal & evi., eval.
find evidence, create question, apply evidence, answer the question, eval.
provide care, ask question, find evidence, apply evidence, evaluate
3
when participants are selected based on extreme score on a single test administration
repeated testing
statistical regression towards mean
attrition
selection/assignment
4
Not a sampling method
non-probablilty
probability
group assignment
eenie meenie minie moe
5
What does PICO stand for
tasty salsa
pain; integration; cerebral function; other factors
who is affected; treatment; comparison/control;what is measured
Population or problem; Intervention; comparison; outcome
6
systemic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized control trials
qualitative
Mixed method
quantitative
7
What is not an example of primary evidencce:
quantitative, qualitative, or mixed method studies
RCT, Surveys, Case-control
Authors usually not involved in the original studies
Publications that are written by the author
8
Not a quantitative design
non experimental (descriptive & exploratory)
experimental design (group & single subject)
Quasi experiemental (lacks control group & randomization)
Interviews
9
concern the potential effect of pretesting on the DV (collecting data changes responses)
instrumentation
attrition
history
repeated testing
10
Pre/post test control group
Dependent variable measured before and after treatment
Participants are randomly assigned to at least two groups
11
subjects receiving less desirable demoralized or resentful and may respond with lower levels of performance
compensatory equalization
resentful demoralization
diffusion
compensatory rivarly
12
What is: aims to search for and appraise best
evidence
, some of which will be provided by
research
Evidence Based Practice
Research
13
Non-maleficence:
axns&behaviors are right if promote happiness; wrong if promote unhappiness
respect that person can make their own decision about what they agree to do
acting in a way that will benefit or help others/the patient
do no harm and don't expose to unnecessary risk
14
Utility:
acting in a way that will benefit or help others/the patient
axns&behaviors are right if promote happiness; wrong if promote unhappiness
respect that person can make their own decision about what they agree to do
do no harm and don't expose to unnecessary risk
15
Group - Randomized control trial
hard in rehabbecause treatments are not as straightforward as medical field
gold standard for experimental studies
Difficult to double blind
Difficult to recruit number of patients needed for a good RCT
16
meta-syntheses, perspectives, and ethnographies
qualitative
Mixed method
quantitative
17
What is: used to conduct an investigation, the results of which will add to existing
evidence
.
Research
Evidence Based Practice
18
Searching literature: find & gather a manageable amount of relevant literature using a wide range of contemporary tools
develop Q & key words
locate relevant info on electronic databases
use google scholar to locatw journal artilces/book chapters
determine parameteres to limit type/amount of info
19
Quantitative
use empirical data& observations with statistical analysis & tables/figures
combo (incorporates pt. POV & analyzes empirical findings from data)
use testimonies and quotes to describe phenomena
20
confounding effects of specific events other than the experimental treatment that occur after the introduction
testing
history
selection
maturation
21
Internal validity - relationship btw the ind. and dep. variables is free from the effects of extraneous factors
True
False
22
histeffect is due to passage of time (may cause subjects to respond differently on a second measurement)
maturation
equalization
history
instrumentation
23
subjects differ: 1 assig. treatment perceived as more desirable & sub. receiving less desirable may comp. & work harder
diffusion
compensatory equalization
compensatory rivarly
resentful demoralization
24
Single group pretest-posttest control group design
Results are compared within the one experimental group
Participants cannot be randomly assigned
There is only one group
Researchers are not comparing results between groups
25
Mixed Method
combo (incorporates pt. POV & analyzes empirical findings from data)
use testimonies and quotes to describe phenomena
use empirical data& observations with statistical analysis & tables/figures
26
What is NOT covered in the Discussion
Implications
Analysis and interpretation of results
Hypothesis and/ or research questions
Limitations
27
Not a Correlations
Semantic differential
Positive vs. negative
uantitative method of research
2+ quant. variables from same group of pts. to determine relationship
28
Active variable
IVs that are manipulated by the research
IVs measured but not manipulated by research; Age, sex, intelligence
29
What does the abstract of a research article do:
Outline of procedures and evaluation instruments
oncise summary of the study
Statement of the data and analysis
Hypothesis and/ or research questions
30
Categorical variable
There is no order to the variables
Gender, age, ethnicity
Characteristics of person/ object that are either present or not
31
Whihc is NOT a Purpose of IRB Board:
Safety
Conduct research
Risks are commensurate with potential benefits
Confidentiality
32
Survey: system for collecting info from/about ppl to describe, compare, pr explain their knowledge,attitudes, & behavior
False
True
33
Validity and reliability definitions
R - measure of consistency
V - measure of consistency
V - measure of accuracy
R - measure of accuracy
34
Continuous variable: IVs measured but not manipulated by research; Age, sex, intelligence
True
False
35
goal of reviewing the literature is to find out what is known about the topicbased on these four things:
(1) theory, (2) facts, (3) opinions, and (4) learn something new
(1) theory, (2) facts, (3) opinions, and (4) methods.
(1) theory, (2) relavence to your practice, (3) opinions, and (4) methods.
(1) theory, (2) facts, (3) trials and error, and (4) methods.
36
Use clinical reasoning to integrate info. from which 4 sources?
clinical expertise, client circumstances, awareness, applied research
Client values, clinical expertise, info. from practice , research evidence
37
Not a Longitudinal benefits/challenges
system for collecting information from or about people
family of designs typically more than one year in length
Limitations: participant attrition and wealth or resources
Observes several different groups of RPs over a set period of time
38
Benefits of interprofessinal education/communication/collaboration
Establish rapport and trust among team members; positive change in teamwork
Dispel stereotypes about other disciplines
Provides opportunity to learn/practice skills; improve comm.&collaboration
Build professional identity&pride by articulating one’s scope of practice
39
Non-equivalent control group design
Study same as a pretest-posttest control group design; no nonrandom CG
1 group of subjectstested under all conditions & each sub. is own control
Utilizes multi. measurements b4 & after intvtn to establish baseline meas.
Performance measured before and after each treatment
40
subjects drop out, experimental mortality (results in a differential loss)
attrition
statistical regression
maturation
retnetion
41
Examples of qualitative designs: Case studey, narative discourse, testimonies, interviews
True
False
42
Which one is not Importance of EBP w/ healthcare practitioners working on teams
Encourages professional accountability
Promoting an attitude of inquiry
Improving client outcomes
To make new friends
43
What does methods section include:
Succinct description of the study topic
Outline of procedures and evaluation instruments
Variables measured
Included figures, tables, and graphs
44
Open formats of survey
Cons: poor response rate
Pro: good response rate
Pros: in depth info
cons: surface level info
45
Posttest only control group design: Participants are randomly assigned to at least 2 groups ; Measure results after
True
False
46
Validity - role in experiemental studies: overall amount of control from all sources
True
False
47
researcher is not blinded to intervention and tries to compensate
diffusion
resentful demoralization
compensatory rivarly
compensatory equalization
48
not a Closed format surveys
likert type
free response
semnatical
Multiple choice
49
Intervening variable
Potential nuisance variables that can confound a study
Any variable that affects the DV that is not the IV
Minimized via awareness and good experimental design by the researcher
50
Group - Time series design
Utilizes multi. measurements b4 & after intvtn to establish baseline meas.
Study same as a pretest-posttest control group design; if nonrandom CG not
1 group of subjectstested under all conditions & each sub. is own control
Performance measured before and after each treatment
51
Single Subject - A-B design
May include a second intervention period
Consists of baseline phase, followed by a treatment phase
Provides no control comparison
52
Autonomy:
axns&behaviors are right if promote happiness; wrong if promote unhappiness
respect that person can make their own decision about what they agree to do
acting in a way that will benefit or help others/the patient
do no harm and don't expose to unnecessary risk
53
Secondary evidence seeks to describe, review or summarize available info
True
False
54
Qualitative
combo (incorporates pt. POV & analyzes empirical findings from data)
use testimonies and quotes to describe phenomena
use empirical data& observations with statistical analysis & tables/figures
55
External validity - degree to which the IV and DV relationship is free from effects of extraneous factors
False
True
56
External validity- results of a study can be generalized to persons or settings outside the experimental situation
True
False
57
Group - Repeated measures design
Performance measured before and after each treatment
1 group of subjectstested under all conditions & each sub. is own control
Study same as a pretest-posttest control group design; no nonrandom CG
Utilizes multi. measurements b4 & after intvtn to establish baseline meas.
58
Benificence:
axns&behaviors are right if promote happiness; wrong if promote unhappiness
respect that person can make their own decision about what they agree to do
do no harm and don't expose to unnecessary risk
acting in a way that will benefit or help others/the patient
