In Steele & Aronson’s (1995) study, how did stereotype threat affect Black participants' test performance?

It caused lower performance when the test was "measuring intelligence"

What is stereotype threat?

Anxiety that one's behaviour will confirm a negative stereotype

What is one real-world implication of stereotype threat based on Steele & Aronson's (1995) study?

Standardized test scores may be negatively impacted by stereotype threat

How did Hamilton & Gifford (1976) explain the formation of stereotypes?

Stereotypes are formed through attention to distinct behaviours of minority

What was the independent variable in Steele & Aronson’s (1995) study?

The test description (diagnostic vs. non-diagnostic)

What is a key limitation of Hamilton & Gifford’s (1976) study?

It may not predict what happens in the "real world" due to artificiality.

In Hamilton & Gifford’s (1976) study, what was the relationship between group size and negative behaviour perception?

Participants attributed more negative traits to the smaller group

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Stereotypes formation and effect.

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IB PSychology topic of Steretypes

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Answers

1
What research method was used in Martin & Halvorson's study of gender stereotyping and memory?
A true experiment
A quasi-experiment
A naturalistic observation
A field experiment
2
In Steele & Aronson’s (1995) study, how did stereotype threat affect Black participants' test performance?
It improved performance
It caused lower performance when the test was "measuring intelligence"
It had no effect
It caused lower performance regardless of the test description
3
What is stereotype threat?
Anxiety that one's behaviour will confirm a negative stereotype
The automatic activation of stereotypes
The tendency to conform to group norms
The process of forgetting stereotype-consistent information
4
What is one real-world implication of stereotype threat based on Steele & Aronson's (1995) study?
Stereotype threat is only relevant in laboratory settings
Standardized test scores may be negatively impacted by stereotype threat
Stereotypes do not affect real-life performance
Only intelligence influences academic performance
5
The tendency to either ignore information that is not in line with one's stereotypes
Confirmation bias
Out-group homogeneity bias
Discounting
Illusory correlation
6
Stereotypes are
All of the above
schemata that help us understand the world around us.
prone to confirmation bias
often acquired indirectly from other people and social norms
7
How did Hamilton & Gifford (1976) explain the formation of stereotypes?
Stereotypes are only formed through direct experience
Stereotypes are formed through attention to distinct behaviours of minority
Stereotypes are biologically determined
Stereotypes are only created through social identity
8
This is the tendency to pay attention to information that is in line with one's stereotypes.
Discounting
Out-group homogeneity bias
Illusory correlation
Confirmation bias
9
What is a stereotype?
A cognitive generalization
A false association
The tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very similar
The process by which people categorize themselves and others
10
What research method did Hamilton & Gifford (1976) use?
True experiment
Field experiment
Case study
Self-report survey
11
What was the independent variable in Steele & Aronson’s (1995) study?
The participants’ prior academic achievement
The test description (diagnostic vs. non-diagnostic)
The race of the participants
The difficulty of the test
12
The phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists.
Confirmation bias
Out-group homogeneity bias
Illusory correlation
Discounting
13
The tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very similar to each other
Illusory correlation
Out-group homogeneity bias
Confirmation bias
Discounting
14
What is a key limitation of Hamilton & Gifford’s (1976) study?
The number of slides was not the same for two groups - constructl validity
It may not predict what happens in the "real world" due to artificiality.
It cannot be replicated.
It used nationalities for which the participants already had stereotypes.
15
What concept was Hamilton & Gifford (1976) investigating?
Social identity theory
Illusory correlation
Cognitive dissonance
Stereotype threat
16
In Hamilton & Gifford’s (1976) study, what was the relationship between group size and negative behaviour perception?
Participants attributed more negative traits to the smaller group
Participants attributed more negative traits to the larger group
Group size did not affect perceptions
Participants viewed both groups equally negatively

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