coordinated research by multiple ethnographers

According to the author, contemporary ethnography has moved away from a single-sit form and has

considered multiple field sites

tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to judge w/ own standard

Short-term physiological adaptation

increased heart rate, hyperventilation

Cultures are described as

traditions/customs that are transmitted through learning + form beliefs

Cultural anthropology

the comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture

discovery of local beliefs and perceptions

Despite characteristic American notions that people should "make up their own minds" and "have a right to their opinion"

little of what we think is original or unique

rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies

On what did Deborah Tannen's research focus?

the differences in the communicational styles of men and women

Intellectual property rights

an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications

Long-term physiological adaptation

more efficient respiratory system to extract oxygen from "thin air"

the process by which a child learns his or her culture, an exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact

use of diagrams and symbols to record kin connections

good, friendly working relationship based on personal contact w/ informats

the process by which a child learns his or her culture

Cultural resource management

in some cases allows for the destruction of sites if they not significant

Biological anthropology

study of human biological diversity through time and as it is today

Cultural anthropology, as compared to psychology,

has some overlap with psychology

Problem-oriented research

research that has a focus on a specific issue in the field

Anthropology, as compared to the natural sciences, is

scientific, like the natural sciences, but is a "humanistic science"

Linguistic anthropology

studies language in its social and cultural context, in world and overtime

According to the author, as part of an ethical commitment to research, anthropologist should include collab w/ host

ensure that something is "given back" to the host country

record of early impressions that help point out basic aspects of diversity

idea that behavior should be evaluated not by outside but culture standards

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1
Team research
part in community life, participating in events, describing, and analyzing
long-term study of an area or site, usually based on repeated visits
use of diagrams and symbols to record kin connections
coordinated research by multiple ethnographers
2
The issues of population density, climate, diet, and settlement patterns were discussed are known as
participant observation
problem-oriented ethnography
genealogical method
survey
3
Indigenous ____ are an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications.
cultural norms
intellectual property rights
cultural rights
cultural artifacts
4
Which term refers to attributes that vary among members of a sample or population?
variables
genealogies
surveys
random samples
5
A culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all societies is referred to as a
particularity
generality
hyperadaptation
misnomer
6
According to the author, contemporary ethnography has moved away from a single-sit form and has
completely abandoned physical field sites for virutal or computer-based one
considered multiple field sites
abandoned the idea of a field site
focused less on the issues of the contemporary world
7
Ethnocentrism
idea that behavior should be evaluated not by outside but culture standards
tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to judge w/ own standard
an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications
rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
8
Short-term physiological adaptation
pressurized airplane cabins with oxygen masks
increased heart rate, hyperventilation
larger "barrel chests" of native highlanders
more efficient respiratory system to extract oxygen from "thin air"
9
Cultures are described as
traditions/customs that are transmitted through learning + form beliefs
traditions of an economic nature that impact the spending habits of people
influences of parenting and custom that impact humans
notions of sophistication that determine one's social status
10
Cultural anthropology
studies language in its social and cultural context, in world and overtime
study of human biological diversity through time and as it is today
the comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture
reconstructs, describes, interprets human behavior through material remains
11
Emic-level research
research that has a focus on a specific issue in the field
discovery of local beliefs and perceptions
good, friendly working relationship based on personal contact w/ informats
conversations with local individuals who have deep familiarity with locals
12
Despite characteristic American notions that people should "make up their own minds" and "have a right to their opinion"
little of what we think is original or unique
the elderly have more unique ideas than the young
everyone has his or her unique perceptions of the world
Americans are uniquely independently minded
13
The combination of manual dexterity and ____ allows monkeys, apes, and humans to pick up objects, hold them
cognition
depth perception
consciousness
bipedalism
14
The accelerating interdependence of nations in the world system today is referred to as
globalization
culture
national culture
subculture
15
The thinker who understood that the variety that exists in any pop. permits some individuals to survive/reproduce better
Franz Boas
Bronislaw Malinowski
Herbert Spencer
Charles Darwin
16
What is another name for a key cultural consultant?
key informat
conspirator
cultural materialist
key variable
17
Which term refers to the whole set of feelings about being in an alien setting, and the ensuing reactions?
culture shock
determinism
rapport
cultural misunderstanding
18
Cultural rights
invokes a realm of justice and morality beyond particular cultures
an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications
rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
idea that behavior should be evaluated not by outside but culture standards
19
A(n) _________ is a trait or feature of culture that is not generalized or widespread; rather, it is confined
cultural particularity
universal
generality
haptic feedback system
20
On what did Deborah Tannen's research focus?
the evolution of language in early humans
the differences in the communicational styles of men and women
the use of ASL in contemporary business settings
the use of ASL by a chimp named Washoe
21
Intellectual property rights
invokes a realm of justice and morality beyond particular cultures
an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications
idea that behavior should be evaluated not by outside but culture standards
rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
22
Long-term physiological adaptation
more efficient respiratory system to extract oxygen from "thin air"
increased heart rate, hyperventilation
pressurized airplane cabins with oxygen masks
larger "barrel chests" of native highlanders
23
Which term refers to languages that share a common parent language?
protolanguage
daughter languages
subgroups
panglossia
24
What is the ethnographic technique that is most associated with firsthand observation of behavior?
participant observation
secondary data analysis
genealogical method
survey
25
Acculturation
the process by which a child learns his or her culture
the independent development of a cultural feature in different societies
an exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact
the borrowing of cultural traits between societies
26
Genealogical method
use of diagrams and symbols to record kin connections
part in community life, participating in events, describing, and analyzing
long-term study of an area or site, usually based on repeated visits
coordinated research by multiple ethnographers
27
Rapport
research that has a focus on a specific issue in the field
conversations with local individuals who have deep familiarity with locals
good, friendly working relationship based on personal contact w/ informats
discovery of local beliefs and perceptions
28
An exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact is known by the term
encultration
acculturation
independent invention
diffusion
29
The borrowing of cultural traits between societies is called
encultration
diffusion
independent invention
acculturation
30
The program that was discussed as part of an attempt to embed anthropologists in war zones in Iraq/Afghanistan called
the Human Project Development
Project Blue Book
Project Minima
the Human Terrain System
31
Enculturation
the borrowing of cultural traits between societies
the process by which a child learns his or her culture
an exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact
the independent development of a cultural feature in different societies
32
Cultural resource management
involves only preserving sites
is a subarea of cultural anthropology
is a subarea of biological anthropology
in some cases allows for the destruction of sites if they not significant
33
Biological anthropology
reconstructs, describes, interprets human behavior through material remains
the comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture
studies language in its social and cultural context, in world and overtime
study of human biological diversity through time and as it is today
34
Cultural anthropology, as compared to psychology,
has many more undergraduate majors in the discipline
has little interest in psychological issues
conducts research only in home societies
has some overlap with psychology
35
Problem-oriented research
discovery of local beliefs and perceptions
research that has a focus on a specific issue in the field
good, friendly working relationship based on personal contact w/ informats
conversations with local individuals who have deep familiarity with locals
36
One concern with the _____ is that it often results in indirect and impersonal responses from respondents.
problem-oriented ethnography
looking-glass method
questionnaire
interview
37
Anthropology, as compared to the natural sciences, is
more scientific
scientific, like the natural sciences, but is a "humanistic science"
not at all scientific
less scientific
38
Which term refers to the study of speech sounds?
phoneme
syntax
phonology
morphology
39
The values that are considered to be key, basic, or central and that integrate a culture are called
social stigmas
social standards
core values
happenstance
40
Linguistic anthropology
studies language in its social and cultural context, in world and overtime
reconstructs, describes, interprets human behavior through material remains
the comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture
study of human biological diversity through time and as it is today
41
Which term refers to all the morphemes in a language and their meanings?
lexicon
morphology
phoneme
phonology
42
Which term refers to the study of languages over time?
historical linguistics
protolanguage
subgroups
daughter languages
43
According to the author, as part of an ethical commitment to research, anthropologist should include collab w/ host
ensure that a method of payment is established with hosts
include affidavits from local police and lawmakers
include audio and video recordings throughout the course of the research
ensure that something is "given back" to the host country
44
Diary
good, friendly working relationship based on personal contact w/ informats
record of early impressions that help point out basic aspects of diversity
research that has a focus on a specific issue in the field
conversations with local individuals who have deep familiarity with locals
45
Cultural relativism
invokes a realm of justice and morality beyond particular cultures
an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications
rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
idea that behavior should be evaluated not by outside but culture standards
46
An example of globalization as ideology and policy might be
development of new media systems across the planet
increasing ways in which technology, media, and economics are intertwined
interconnections of economic systems in the world
protests against the WTO
47
Ethnographer talks face-to-face with people, asks questions, and writes down the answers
rapport
genealogical method
interview schedule
survey
48
Which term refers to a sample in which all population members have an equal chance of inclusion?
random sample
variable order
sample
variable
49
Which term refers to the study of communication through body movements and facial expressions?
displacement
kinesics
prevarication
productivity
50
Through forms of fieldwork, the anthropologist strives to achieve an understanding of culture in terms of locals.
etic approach
cultural consultation
emic approach
cultural intervention
51
Which term refers to a language that is ancestral to several languages?
protolanguage
subgroups
panglossia
daughter languages
52
An example of a cultural adaptation
increased heart rate and hyperventilation
a more efficient respiratory system to extract oxygen from "thin air"
pressurized airplane cabins with oxygen masks
neural feedback systems within human arms
53
Survey research often involves
the use of data derived from popular sources like newspapers and blogs
sampling, impersonal data collection, and statistical analysis
54
Anthropology
is the study of humans around the world and through time
is the study of North American cultures
is a subfield of sociology
focuses on the biological aspects of humans w/ little focus on small issues
55
____ is something verbal or nonverbal, within a particular language or culture, that comes to stand for something else
a symbol
a global form
folklore
a rhyme
56
The study of interrelations among living things in an environment is called
cultural resource management
ecology
applied anthropology
cultural anthropology
57
People often use culture to fulfill psychological needs, such as
learning new table manners
learning new technological skills, like understanding social networking
learning a new language
friendship, companionship, and approval
58
What do we call a field that seeks reliable explanations with reference to the material and physical world?
humor
scientology
genetics
science
59
Human rights
rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
invokes a realm of justice and morality beyond particular cultures
an indigenous group's collective knowledge and its applications
idea that behavior should be evaluated not by outside but culture standards
60
Rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and in indigenous societies are best described as
cultural relativism
intellectual property rights
cultural particularity
cultural rights
61
Independent invention
the borrowing of cultural traits between societies
an exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact
the independent development of a cultural feature in different societies
the process by which a child learns his or her culture
62
Genetic adaptation
larger "barrel chests" of native highlanders
increased heart rate, hyperventilation
more efficient respiratory system to extract oxygen from "thin air"
pressurized airplane cabins with oxygen masks
63
Ethnographers aim to connect with their hosts by establishing good, friendly relationships with them. What is the term?
rapport
imponderabilia
emic approach
etic approach
64
Globalization
the process by which a child learns his or her culture
the accelerating interdependence of nations in the world system today
the borrowing of cultural traits between societies
the independent development of a cultural feature in different societies
65
Which of the following demonstrates the primary meaning of globalization as used by the text?
Brexit vote
protests against the WTO
concerns related to technology and surveillance, such as NASA
global systems of production, distribution, finance, transportation, comm.
66
Term used to describe fieldwork in a particular cultural setting is
manwatching
field patterning
ethnography
social psychology
67
General anthropology
reconstructs, describes, interprets human behavior through material remains
study of human biological diversity through time and as it is today
the comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture
Anthropology as a whole, or the "four fields"
68
What is the ethnographic technique that might be used if the anthropologist is studying a culture over a long period?
longitudinal research
problem-oriented ethnography
depth ethnography
team research
69
The term ____ refers to an agreement to take part in research after having been informed about its nature, procedures
participant observation
informed consent
survey
random sample
70
The name of the branch of anthropology that includes cultural resource management, public ed, + historic preservation
home archaeology
business archaeology
practicing fieldwork
public archaeology
71
What was the Columbia-Cornell-Harvard-Illinois Summer Field Studies Program an example of?
problem-oriented ethnography
participant observation
team research
determinism
72
When did food production originate?
5,000-3,000 years ago
1,500-1,000 years ago
700-500 years ago
12,000-10,000 years ago
73
To what does AAVE refer?
a linguistic subgroup of the American Anthropological Association
African Association Vernacular English
African American Vernacular English
African Assimilation Vernacular English
74
Anthropological archaeology
studies language in its social and cultural context, in world and overtime
study of human biological diversity through time and as it is today
reconstructs, describes, interprets human behavior through material remains
the comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture
75
What is the term for cultural traditions that extend beyond and across national boundaries?
subculture
national culture
international culture
food culture
76
Diffusion
the process by which a child learns his or her culture
an exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact
the independent development of a cultural feature in different societies
the borrowing of cultural traits between societies
77
Linguistic ____ is the principle that all languages are equally effective means of communication.
feedback
use
relativity
competence
78
Technology
pressurized airplane cabins with oxygen masks
larger "barrel chests" of native highlanders
increased heart rate, hyperventilation
more efficient respiratory system to extract oxygen from "thin air"
79
Sociolinguistics investigates
relationships between primate sign language and human sign language
biological aspects of human language
relationships between social and linguistic variation
the evolution of languages
80
What is the term for different cultural traditions associated with subgroups in the same complex society?
food culture
international culture
folk life
subculture
81
One of the most significant ways culture is learned is through
genetics
classroom lectures
symbols
shared values
82
Which of the following is a difference between humans and other primates?
large brains
number of digits
mating patterns
vision
83
We refer to ____ as consisting of what people say they should do and what they say they do.
subculture
universals
ideal culture
real culture
84
General anthropology is a North American concept because
interest in origins/diversity of Native Americans led to the 4 subfields
North American archaeologists weren't interested in Native Americans
Europeans do not study any of the four fields of anthropology
only North Americans study Native Americans
85
Work with informants/cultural consultants
good, friendly working relationship based on personal contact w/ informats
record of early impressions that help point out basic aspects of diversity
research that has a focus on a specific issue in the field
conversations with local individuals who have deep familiarity with locals
86
Ethnology is
fieldwork in a specific society
the study of sociocultural differences and similarities based on data
research methodology that focuses on direct observation of people
a form of primatological research
87
We refer to _____ as consisting of the actual behavior of people as observed by the anthropologist.
real culture
historical particularism
subculture
ideal culture
88
Which term refers to a language having "high" or formal and "low" or informal dialects?
diglossia
metroglossia
homoglossia
dysglossia
89
Which of the following statements takes a biocultural perspective?
a certain culture shuns athletics because flabby body is attractive
many cultural anthropologists prefer to analyze aspects of culture
in the field, anthropologists try to blend in w/ the culture they study
some archaeologists study interrelations among living things in environment
90
Holism refers to
the study of the whole of the human condition
an adaptive change that occurred in early humans
a focus on the small details of culture
the comparative study of cultures
91
Which of the following best describes African American Vernacular English?
inferior language system
ungrammatical hodgepodge
prestige dialect
complex linguistic system
92
The four fields of anthropology include
kinship ANTH, economic ANTH, political ANTH, religion ANTH
archaeology, cultural ANTH, gender role ANTH, linguistics
sociocultural ANTH, ANTH archaeology, biological ANTH, linguistic ANTH
ethnography, primatology, linguistics, and kinship
93
Life history
long-term study of an area or site, usually based on repeated visits
part in community life, participating in events, describing, and analyzing
personal portrait of someone's life in a culture, often of a key consultant
coordinated research by multiple ethnographers
94
Which term refers to languages that are linguistically related?
daughter languages
subgroups
protolanguage
panglossia
95
Applied anthropology
concerned w/application of anthropological data solve contemporary problems
is an offshoot of clinical psychology
focuses primarily on theory
is an offshoot of applied sociology
96
Participant observation
long-term study of an area or site, usually based on repeated visits
part in community life, participating in events, describing, and analyzing
use of diagrams and symbols to record kin connections
coordinated research by multiple ethnographers
97
The idea of _____ invokes a realm of justice and morality superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions.
human rights
intellectual property rights
cultural rights
copyright law
98
Who was the anthropologist who defined culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals...
Margaret Mead
Conrad Kottak
Sir Edward Tylor
Clifford Geertz
99
What is the American Anthropological Association's Code of Ethics designed to do?
development political arrangements between informants and anthropologists
promote discussion and education of ethical issues in anthropology
100
Longitudinal research
long-term study of an area or site, usually based on repeated visits
personal portrait of someone's life in a culture, often of a key consultant
part in community life, participating in events, describing, and analyzing
coordinated research by multiple ethnographers

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