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AS Psych on 1.1 Experiments Flashcards | StudBud
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AS Psych on 1.1 Experiments
AS Psych on 1.1 Experiments
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Questions
40
Answers
1
What is reliability?
The consistency of a procedure or measure
The ability to generalize findings
The manipulation of variables
The extent to which a study measures what it claims to
2
What are order effects?
Effects of the IV on the DV
Changes in performance due to repeated participation
Standardized procedures in experiments
Differences between participant groups
3
What is ecological validity?
The extent to which findings generalize to other situations
The control of variables
The consistency of a measure
The randomization of participants
4
What is a confounding variable’s effect?
It obscures the IV’s effect on the DV
It enhances the IV’s effect
It standardizes the procedure
It measures the DV
5
What is an experimental condition?
A level of the IV compared in an experiment
The baseline measurement of the DV
The absence of the independent variable
A variable that is kept constant
6
What are demand characteristics?
The randomization of participants
Features that reveal the study’s aims, affecting participant behavior
The operational definitions of variables
Variables that are controlled in an experiment
7
What is validity?
The consistency of a measure
The control of variables
The extent to which a study tests what it claims to
The randomization of participants
8
What is an independent measures design?
Using different participants for each level of the IV
Randomizing the order of conditions
Using the same participants in all levels of the IV
Matching participants in pairs
9
What is a fatigue effect?
Performance decline due to tiredness or boredom
Performance improvement due to practice
A variable that is controlled
A type of demand characteristic
10
What is an operational definition?
A clear description of a variable for accurate measurement
A type of confounding variable
A method of sampling
A vague description of a variable
11
What is randomisation in a repeated measures design?
Matching participants in pairs
Using different participants for each condition
Controlling all variables
Randomly assigning the order of conditions
12
What is a confounding variable?
A variable that is randomized
The independent variable in a study
A variable that is measured in an experiment
An uncontrolled variable that systematically affects one level of the IV
13
What is inter-observer reliability?
The control of variables
Consistency of a measure over time
Consistency between observers’ interpretations of behavior
The validity of a study
14
What is a laboratory experiment?
An experiment using correlations
An experiment with no controls
An experiment with an IV, DV, and strict controls in an artificial setting
An experiment in a natural environment
15
What is test-retest reliability?
The validity of a study
Consistency between different researchers
Consistency of a measure when used twice
The randomization of participants
16
What is a placebo?
A real treatment with active ingredients
A type of experimental design
A controlled variable
A treatment with no active ingredient
17
What is a repeated measures design?
Matching participants based on variables
Using the same participants in all levels of the IV
Controlling all variables except the IV
Using different participants for each level of the IV
18
What is generalisability?
The consistency of a measure
The ability to apply findings to other settings or populations
The control of confounding variables
The consistency of a measure
19
What is the benefit of random allocation?
It eliminates order effects
It measures the DV
It controls situational variables
It reduces the impact of individual differences
20
What is the purpose of a control condition?
To manipulate the IV
To provide a baseline without the IV
To measure the DV
To randomize participants
21
What is mundane realism?
The similarity of a task to real-life activities
The control of variables
The randomization of participants
What is mundane realism?
22
What is a control condition?
A condition with no participants
A condition where the IV is absent
A condition where the IV is present
A condition with random allocation
23
What is replication?
Manipulating the IV
Randomizing participants
Measuring the DV
Repeating a study with the same procedure
24
What is a pilot study?
A study to test ethical guidelines
A study using correlations
A small-scale test to ensure validity and reliability
A study with no controls
25
What is random allocation?
Controlling situational variables
Assigning participants to conditions by chance
Using the same participants in all conditions
Matching participants based on variables
26
What is an uncontrolled variable?
A variable that is standardized across conditions
A variable that is deliberately manipulated
A variable that affects the DV and obscures the IV’s effect
The main variable measured in an experiment
27
What is the independent variable (IV)?
The factor manipulated to create different conditions
The control condition of an experiment
A variable that confounds the results
The variable measured in an experiment
28
What is a field experiment?
An experiment in the participants’ normal environment
An experiment in an artificial setting
An experiment with no IV
An experiment using self-reports
29
What is the purpose of counterbalancing?
To reduce order effects in a repeated measures design
To match participants in pairs
To standardize the procedure
To manipulate the IV
30
What is a hypothesis?
A vague statement about the study’s aim
A type of experimental design
A testable statement about variables
A method of sampling
31
What is inter-rater reliability?
The validity of a study
Consistency between different researchers’ interpretations
Consistency of a measure over time
The randomization of conditions
32
What is an experiment?
A study that observes behavior in a natural setting
A study measuring the relationship between two variables
looking for a causal relationship by manipulating an independent variable
A detailed study of a single individual
33
What is standardisation?
Measuring the DV
Manipulating the IV
Randomly allocating participants
Keeping the procedure the same for all participants
34
What is experimental design?
The way participants are allocated to levels of the IV
The procedure for standardizing variables
The method of data analysis
The process of selecting a sample
35
What is a matched pairs design?
Using a control group only
Using the same participants in all conditions
Pairing participants based on relevant variables
Randomly allocating participants to conditions
36
What are participant variables?
Individual differences that could affect the DV
Variables controlled by the researcher
Standardized procedures in the study
Variables manipulated in the experiment
37
What is the dependent variable (DV)?
The factor manipulated in an experiment
The variable expected to change due to the IV
The sample of participants
A variable that is kept constant
38
What are controls in an experiment?
The dependent variable
Variables that are measured
The sample selection process
Methods to keep confounding variables constant
39
What is counterbalancing?
Matching participants based on variables
Randomly allocating participants to groups
Using the same participants in all conditions
Dividing participants into subgroups for different condition orders
40
What is a practice effect?
Performance decline due to boredom
Random allocation of participants
Performance improvement due to task familiarity
A variable that confounds results
