Chapter 8: The Enlightenment and Revolutions

Question 1

The joining of England to what other state led to the creation of the United Kingdom?

Accepted Answer

Scotland

Question 2

Claimed that if the absolute power of monarchs was wrong, the power of men over women was wrong. Women have reason too!

Accepted Answer

Wollstonecraft

Question 3

The first European to make regular observations using a telescope and discovered mountains on the moon.

Accepted Answer

Galileo

Question 4

The Ptolemaic system of the universe placed what in the center?

Accepted Answer

the earth

Question 5

What term means that states should have equal power to each other so no one dominates?

Accepted Answer

balance of power

Question 6

A German mathematician that first discussed the laws of planetary motion, one of which was that orbits are elliptical.

Accepted Answer

Kepler

Question 7

What was the name of the 18th century philosophical movement that was influenced by the Scientific Revolution?

Accepted Answer

the Enlightenment

Question 8

All of the following were scientific breakthroughs during the Scientific Revolution except what?

Accepted Answer

the invention of refrigeration

Question 9

What happened to the last of six successors to Peter the Great?

Accepted Answer

murdered by nobles

Question 10

How many amendments to the Constitution were proposed as it was trying to be ratified?

Accepted Answer

12

Question 11

Who claimed that we are born with a "tabula rasa" or blank mind and that we are molded by our environment?

Accepted Answer

John Locke

Question 12

Which art style emphasized grandeur and power?

Accepted Answer

baroque

Question 13

Believed in the separation of the mind and body and said that matter can be investigated by reason.

Accepted Answer

Rene Descartes

Question 14

This person was the first to offer a heliocentric model of the universe.

Accepted Answer

Copernicus

Question 15

During the Middle Ages, educated Europeans based their understanding of the natural world on...

Accepted Answer

what ancient authorities said

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the states discussed with regards to enlightened absolutism?

Accepted Answer

England

Question 17

All of the following are roles of the government according to Adam Smith except what?

Accepted Answer

to regulate businesses

Question 18

Which nation had a greater number of colonists in North America?

Accepted Answer

Britain

Question 19

Most known for helping to develop the scientific method and the use of inductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Francis Bacon

Question 20

What was one issue with Britain's new ruler after the passing of the last Stuart?

Accepted Answer

didn't speak English, didn't know the British system very well

Question 21

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Jefferson

Question 22

An astronomer that discovered a comet, but was rejected from Berlin Academy.

Accepted Answer

Maria Winkelmann

Question 23

Which of the following was a reform that Frederick the Great made?

Accepted Answer

greater religious toleration, abolished the use of torture, granted freedoms of speech and press

Question 24

The founder of the modern social science of economics that believed the state should be laissez-faire with the economy.

Accepted Answer

Adam Smith

Question 25

A writer that edited the 28-volume Encyclopedia, an attempt to compile all knowledge and spread the Enlightenment.

Accepted Answer

Diderot

Question 26

All of these are true about the philosophes except what?

Accepted Answer

they were mostly English

Question 27

Even though Maria Theresa was not open to reform, what is one thing she accomplished?

Accepted Answer

improved conditions for serfs

Question 28

What animated movie is the guy that played King George in the musical Hamilton in?

Accepted Answer

Frozen

Question 29

Was critical of the belief that humans could become the masters of nature by using science.

Accepted Answer

Margaret Cavendish

Question 30

Said that people adopt gov. to preserve private property and discussed the idea of the social contract.

Accepted Answer

Rousseau

Question 31

Which nation provides the most support to the American colonists during the American Revolution?

Accepted Answer

France

Question 32

Which nation is victorious in the French and Indian War?

Accepted Answer

Britain

Question 33

What was the first direct tax on British colonists?

Accepted Answer

on paper products

Question 34

Came up with a system for naming the elements and is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry.

Accepted Answer

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 35

Who served as the commander in chief of the Continental Army?

Accepted Answer

George Washington

Question 36

Experimented with liquids under pressure which led to the development of the syringe and hydraulic press.

Accepted Answer

Blaise Pascal

Question 37

Which of the following is not a part of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

start with your opinions

Question 38

Which art style emphasized grace and charm?

Accepted Answer

rococo

Question 39

Which country joins in an alliance with France and Austria before the Seven Years' War?

Accepted Answer

Russia

Question 40

Which of the following is not a way that the ideas of the Enlightenment spread?

Accepted Answer

TikTok

Question 41

A major war breaks out over the succession to the throne of what state?

Accepted Answer

Austria

Question 42

The new constitution proposed a federal system in which the national and _________ governments shared power.

Accepted Answer

state

Question 43

This person described the universe as a "world machine" that operated by natural laws.

Accepted Answer

Isaac Newton

Question 44

Renaissance humanists mastered what language which gave access to the works of Archimedes and Plato?

Accepted Answer

Latin, Greek

Question 45

Cut open human bodies, many of which were criminals, to learn more about human anatomy.

Accepted Answer

Andreas Vesalius

Question 46

What was the effect of Catherine the Great favoring the nobility in Russia?

Accepted Answer

rebellion breaking out, worsening conditions for peasants

Question 47

Studied governments and concluded that three branches that had separate powers and checked each other was best.

Accepted Answer

Montesquieu

Question 48

Where was the treaty to end the American Revolutionary War signed?

Accepted Answer

Paris

Question 49

Which of the following rights is not listed in the Declaration of Independence?

Accepted Answer

property

Question 50

Which of the following seemed most willing to follow the ideas of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

Joseph II

Question 51

This person criticized Christianity and championed the idea of deism, where God created the universe then peaced out.

Accepted Answer

Voltaire

Question 52

Which state was especially difficult to rule due to many languages, relgions, and cultures being a part of it?

Accepted Answer

Austria

Question 53

This person defines three laws of motion and also the universal law of gravitation.

Accepted Answer

Isaac Newton

Question 54

Which of the following had the 4th largest army at this time?

Accepted Answer

Prussia

Question 55

Which of the following is not one of the natural rights that the philosophes believed in?

Accepted Answer

right to bear arms

Question 56

What was the name of the region that Prussia seized from Austria?

Accepted Answer

Silesia

Question 57

Studied the properties of gases and said that a volume of gas varies with the pressure applied to it.

Accepted Answer

Robert Boyle

Question 58

Which job does Thomas Jefferson not hold?

Accepted Answer

secretary of the treasury

Question 59

Why did Joseph II's efforts at reforms largely fail?

Accepted Answer

he alienated the nobles by freeing serfs, serfs could not understand all of the drastic changes, his successors undid almost all of the reforms, he alienated the Catholic Church with religious reforms

Question 60

At what age did Mozart compose his first opera?

Accepted Answer

12

Chapter 8: The Enlightenment and Revolutions

Questions 60

Chapter 8: The Enlightenment and Revolutions

Questions 60