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Peden APWH Semester 1 Review
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APWH Semester 1 Review Chapters 1-14
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1
The political structure ofSwahili civilization was similar to the
stateless cities of the Niger River Valley
complex societies of the Eastern Woodlands in North America
large empires of ancient Rome and China
competitive and independentcity-states of ancient Greece
2
Which of thefollowing was a reason for instability in ancient Mesopotamia
The failure of a patriarchal system to emerge in Mesopotamia
The failure of Mesopotamia to develop written law codes
The collapse of fisheries on which the population relied
Rivalries betweenindependent city-states
3
Which issue was a cause for the split between the Roman Catholic andOrthodox churches in 1054?
Roman Catholic practice of requiring celibacy for priests
The absence of monasticism in Roman Catholicism
The Orthodox church’s lack of bishops
patriarch of Constantinople wantedsupremacy within church
4
Leonardo da Vinci andMichelangelo personified the “Renaissance man” meaningsomeone who
practicedand excelled in a variety of activities or crafts
spokeand read many different languages
wasmotivated primarily by the desire for economic gain
wasnot interested in religion or spiritual questions
5
Which of the following bestdescribes the political landscape of the world between 400 & 1000ce
Europe declined, while India & the Islamic world flourished
The Islamic world declined, while Europe & India flourished
India declined, while Europe & the Islamic world flourished
India & the Islamic world declined, while Europe flourished
6
Christianity differed fromclassic Mediterranean culture in all of these ways EXCEPT
itoffered salvation to the poor and slaves
itgranted equal importance to the souls of men and women
it adapted classical Roman governments toorganize the church
itprovided a common culture to unify all classes
7
In regards to political structure, the Aztecempire
possessed a bureaucracy very similar to the Incaempire
never developed an elaborate bureaucracy or administration
developed a remarkably sophisticated bureaucracy
was ruled by a priestly theocratic state
8
Which of the following bestdescribes Renaissance Italy
The pope only exercised spiritual authority
It was the last area to embrace the rebirth of learning
It was the poorest European area
It was politically divided and dominated by wealthy families
9
Both the Maya and Axum weresimilar in that both
possessed written scripts
wereruled by a single powerful king
everelylimited trade to avoid outside influences
leftbehind few stone monuments
10
The most important factor in explaining theSpanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was
the overwhelming Spanish superiority in weapons
the military precision of the well-trainedSpanish troops
the Spanish strength in numbers
the devastating loss of life caused by smallpox
11
West Africantrade:
was centered in Great Zimbabwe
was dependent upon the camel todeliver goods to Europe
was conducted primarily by sailing ship
is extensively documented from about 200ce to 700ce
12
The Greek and Hellenisticapproach in science
used mathematics to try and explain nature'spatterns
heavilyinfluenced China's scientific approach
stressedthe importance of practical applications
emphasizedthe mysterious forces of nature
13
In Europe, along-term effect of the Crusades was
the adoption of Islamic religious practices
an increased demand for goods from the East
the strengthening of the feudal system
increased European isolation
14
What role did women play in agricultural villagesocieties?
Women organized irrigation systemsand controlled trade.
Womenparticipated in farming and textile work.
Women rode horses and fought inbattles.
Women led important rituals andceremonies.
15
Which of thefollowing statements about ancient Egypt is true
The Nile was unpredictable & floods destroyed crops
Cities were more important in Egypt than in Mesopotamia
Women in Egypt had fewer opportunities than in Mesopotamia
ruled by pharaohs who werebelieved to be gods in human form
16
Which is an example of the centralization of theChinese state under Qin Shihuangdi?
Establishmentof the Senate, consuls, and public assemblies
Standardization of weights, measures, andcurrency
Participationof the lower classes in shaping public policy
Eliminationof the office of tribune
17
Alexander the Great:
typically ruled through localhierarchies
saw empire slowly fall apart during last years of his life
forcedconquered peoples to worship Greek gods
nevermanaged to conquer Egypt
18
Which of the followingwas NOT an outcome of domestication
Humans consciously directed evolution in plants/animals
Plants/animals relied on human action toreproduce well
The impact of human beingson the environment declined
Became impossible for humans to return to gathering/hunting
19
Mercantilism, the guiding principle of mostearly colonial empires, meant
keeping rates low in banks so colonistscould afford land
recording the air temperatures of various partsof the empire
encouraging more people to become merchants forthe king
accumulatingprecious metals through exports from colonies.
20
Roman emperors tried to prevent popular disorder by
abolishingslavery in Rome and the provinces
dividingthe great landed estates
grantingthe vote to lower-class citizens
organizing food supplies and distribution
21
Which of thefollowing would best serve as evidence of social stratification in ancientsociety
Human skeletalremains w/damage indicating blows to the skul
presence of spears& daggers in graves of a community's males
location of graves closer to community center than others
The burial of beads & jewelry in tombs of only a few graves
22
During the Tang and Songperiod, the imperial civil service examinations
expanded & filled posts w/officials of intellectualability
declined dramatically in importance
were restricted to the wealthier families only
were halted and not restarted until the Ming dynasty
23
Which of the following distinguished the empiresof Western Europe from other empires
They were initiated by maritime expansion
They spread diseases toconquered peoples
They were created bymerchants
They were accompanied byreligious conversion of peoples
24
The dominant political organization of the Mayans could best bedescribed as
anindependent network of agricultural villages
anetwork of maritime city states
groups of small city states
alarge land-based empire
25
Which of the following is adistinctive feature of Sufism
Rejection of idea that one can have direct contact w/Allah
Belief that compliance w/sharia bringsbeliever to Allah
An exclusively male movement with noplace for women
Rejection of material world to have spiritual union w/Allah
26
Which wasan advantage Bantu-speaking farmers had over gathering/hunting groups
Gunpowderformula
Yam-basedagriculture
Iron-working technology
Horse-drawnchariots
27
Despite their materialsuccess and increased wealth
foreignerswere prohibited from settling in China
Chineserulers were isolated & didn’t intervene in government
merchants in China ranked below peasants &had little status
thescholar-gentry were prohibited from owning land
28
During the Han Dynasty, scholar officials
insistedon harsh law codes to maintain control
losttheir governmental offices to aristocrats
started examination to develop professional civil servants
cameincreasingly from the merchant & peasant classes
29
Which of the following wasa result of the Agricultural Revolution
The decline of trade
The initial human settlement of theearth
The invention of the plow
Higher risk of disease and famine
30
During the 14th century,the Black Death became a widespread epidemic primarily because of
the resurgence of trade
European colonial policies
Chinese overseas exploration
new agricultural practices
31
Justinian'smost important and long-lasting political achievement was
his reconquest of the western half of the Roman empire
his democratic reforms
his compromise between the Roman Catholic & Greek Orthodox
his codification of Roman law
32
Sumerian civilization produced the first
monotheisticreligion
examplesof warfare among people
written law code
massliteracy
33
In relation to Chinesetraditions and influences, Vietnamese women
had far fewer rights than Chinese women
were forced to accept footbinding
were excluded from the local marketplaces
played a more prominent role in society and the economy
34
In comparison to the Hindus, Persians, and Chinese, religiouslythe Greeks
never developed a major world religion
soughtuniversal harmony in a manner similar to Daoism
developeda compassionate system similar to Buddhism
mostresembled Hinduism’s polytheism with its caste system
35
Which of the following wasa result of the Agricultural Revolution
Thedecline of trade
Higher risk of disease and famine
Theinvention of the plow
The initial human settlement of the earth
36
Which of the following wasa value emphasized in the Renaissance
Frugality
Liberty
Individualism
Equality
37
Greco-Roman philosophers attempted to understand human naturethrough
emotion,especially the desire for love and brotherhood
rational observation and deduction
humansin, salvation, and redemption
rigid adherence to societal norms with rewards & punishments
38
In Europeanmedieval society, political power was vested in
the Byzantine emperor
local lords and their retainers
the pope of the Roman Catholic church
a strong, centralized state
39
The Chineseeconomy during the Song dynasty is best described as
stagnant and barely able to feed people
ruined due to the constant invasions of nomadic peoples
having frequent depressions and large-scale unemployment
very dynamic and usually very prosperous
40
Which of the followingreligious traditions blended elements of Hinduism and Islam
Sikhism
Sunni Islam
Sufism
Shia Islam
41
Which of the following istrue of pre-Islamic Arabia?
It enjoyed long periods of peace under the Bedouins
It had no contact w/long-distance trade networks of Eurasia
A centralized state ruled over the area for centuries
Jews, Christians, & Zoroastrians lived among the Arabs
42
Which of the following istrue of both Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia
Neither had a written language
Both were politically organized into city-states
Neither had written law codes
Both hadpolytheistic religions
43
The Spanish Inquisition wasestablished to
hunt down those suspected of beinginsincere converts
torture Jews and Muslims
counteract the Protestant Reformation
drive paganism out of Spain
44
Which of the followingbrought the Byzantine Empire to an end
Emperor Justinian’s attempt to reconquerthe Mediterranean
The loss of territory to an expanding Persian Empire
The capture of Constantinople by theOttoman Empire
Catholic Church’s excommunication of E. Orthodox Christians
45
Which of the following istrue of the Mughal Empire?
It formed as a result of Chinese exploration in Indian Ocean
It showed no tolerance for Hindu subjects
It established unified control over most of Indian peninsula
It unified the people of Islam and Christendom
46
Which of the followingis NOT a characteristic of early civilizations
job specialization
social stratification
representative government
diverse people
47
All of thefollowing statements are true in relation to the Harappan society EXCEPT
most of their houses featured privateshowers and toilets
they traded extensively with theMesopotamians
they had social distinctions
their writings haveprovided information for historians
48
What was the innovationlaunched by the Ming dynasty
Extending their political control over Vietnam and Korea
Receiving tribute payments from Koreaand Japan
centralized bureaucracy under direct control of the emperor
huge, state-sponsored tradingexpeditions throughout Asia
49
Which is an example of the Mongol rulers’ policy toward people in theconquered territories?
A policy of segregation for conquered people as underclass
Conquered people were barred from the military
Chinese & Muslim allowed to hold advisory positions in govt
Conquered people forced to give land for pastureland
50
All of the following show evidence of cultural diffusion throughout sub-Saharan Africa EXCEPT
religiousbelief systems
hieroglyphic writing
domesticationof plants and animals
ironmetallurgy
51
Between 500 and 1500, the civilizations of Mesoamerica and theAndes
had little to trade because both had the same resources
seem to have had littledirect contact with each other
ran similar regional economies controlled by the state
created the largest long-distance trade network in Americas
52
The growth of feudalism inEurope during the Middle Ages was primarily caused by the
decline of the Roman Catholic Church
suppression of internationalism
rivalry between the colonial empires
collapse of a strong central government
53
Which of thefollowing was a consequence of the accumulation of wealth among settledcommunities?
More complex system of government, religion & record keeping
Specialization of labor
Competition for surplus resources, especially food
Warfare between communitiesand/or with pastoralists
54
What led to the downfall ofthe Sui dynasty
Widespread Buddhist rebellion
The dissatisfaction of the Confucianscholar-gentry class
Nomadic invasions
Unsuccessful military campaigns
55
In which empire was a Shiaversion of Islam made the official religion in the sixteenth century
Songhay Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
Safavid Empire
56
Of the following, which isNOT one of the five pillars of Islam
donating alms to the poor
praying five times a day while facing Mecca
observing a day of rest one day a week
making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once
57
Which of the following wasa result of the Hundred Years War
Major battles resulted in enormous loss of lives
An English victory was won
Mounted knights continued dominance over archers
Kings reduced their reliance on feudalforces
58
What aspects of Chinesecivilization did Mongol rulers in the Yuan dynasty adopt
The practice of foot binding
The traditional Chinese examination system
The use of traditional Confucian ritual
The disdain towards merchants
59
One similarity between theFive Pillars of Islam and the Ten Commandments is that both
encourage the use of statues to symbolize God
support a belief in reincarnation
promote learning as a means to salvation
provide a guide to proper ethical and moral behavior
60
Which wasa motivation for European expansion but not for Chinese expansion in the15th century
To replace the population that was lost during Black Death
To eliminate piracy in the Indian Ocean
To gain access to the goods & wealth of Indian Ocean basin
To enroll distant peoples and states in the tribute system
61
In comparisonto Byzantium, the Latin West before 1000 C.E.
possessed no city that could compare to Constantinople
had Christian church firmly under control of authorities
was more integrated into the SilkRoads
was more politically unified
62
An influencethat spread from the Byzantine Empire to Early Russia was the
Orthodox Christian religion
factory system
use of the Latin alphabet
beginning of democracy
63
Code of Hammurabistipulated different punishments for the same crime based on
the location where the crime was committed
whether or not the perpetrator confessed to the crime
the perpetrator’s socialstanding in relation to the victim.
whether or not the perpetrator personally knew the victim
64
Fiefs were
judgments in Germanic law which were decided after an ordeal
nobles who fought next to the king
Germanic acts of valor and fidelity
lands bestowed on noblemen in return for military aid
65
The wars carried out by theAztec Empire were linked to
the search for “wives of the Sun.”
the practice of human sacrifice
the need for labor service
the control of long-distance trade routes
66
How was India’s socialstructure different from that of China
Socialdistinctions in India were more fluid
socialstatus in India was defined by literary learning
Indian social groups were defined more rigidly
Indiahad fewer distinct social groups
67
“Animism” is bestdescribed as
a belief in spiritsresiding in animals, objects, and dreams
acting boldly in face of danger
humans acting as cannibals when food is scarce
skilled artists who painted animals and the hunt
68
Which of the following statementsaccurately describes tool use during the Stone Age
Religiousrituals were unknown during this era
Stoneage people lived only in caves
Wheelsand metal objects were in common use
The chief priority in tool design was ensuring a food supply
69
The Chinese system of Mandate of Heaven refers to
thenever-ending power of the emperor
theemperor's obligation to give laws to his people
thebelief in many gods
the power granted to the ruler from the heavens
70
What was one purposethat writing served in the First Civilizations
To confine women to the home
To record the stories of ordinary commoners
To entertain an increasingly literate population
To keep track of who paidtheir taxes to the stat
71
Which explains why women’s lives were more restricted in the Song dynasty than in theTang
The influence of nomadic cultures
The introduction of Buddhism
The spread of Daoism
The revival of Confucianism
72
The sea voyages ofexploration and discovery
were spearheaded by the prosperous Italian city-states
included first round-the-world voyage by Ferdinand Magellan
(A) began with Columbus’ discovery of America
were financed in large part by the Ottoman Empire
73
The fall of the RomanEmpire
didnot occur until Byzantine Empire was destroyed
occurreddespite solid leadership over the final 200 years
was hastened by the actions of Germanic peoples
wasdue primarily to the disrupting influence of Christianity
74
Which of thefollowing was an important development during the Paleolithic period
Humankind developed iron-working technologies
The first civilizations appeared during the Paleolithic Age
Humankind became food producers rather than collectors
Humankind spread to inhabitall parts of the globe
75
The Mongols brought aboutgreater integration among Eurasian peoples by all means EXCEPT
the establishment of a courier network across Asia
resettlement of conquered peoples
securing trade routes
establishing a common religion
76
A characteristic thatthe Shang Chinese shared with Egyptian civilization was the
Lack of a social hierarchy
Principle of the mandate of heaven
Ancestor worship
Development of a writingsystem
77
Which of thefollowing describes both pastoral and agricultural village societies?
Both possessed permanent settlements near the sea
Both were made up of bands of twenty-five to fifty people
Both had fairly egalitariansocial with social distinctions
Both were made up of mobile populations & moved frequently
78
Despite major differences,Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism all show interest in
clearlyorganized church structures
strongpriesthood
life after death
hostility to the worship of religious images & spirits
79
Which of the following wasa motivation for the expansion of the Roman Empire
Rejectionof Greek culture and philosophy
Thethreat of Persia
Thespread of Roman religion
The wealth of the eastern Mediterraneansocieties
80
Which of the following is true of both theOttoman and Mughal Empire
Both created slave military regiments whodominated rulers
Both were confined to South Asia
Both were composed of a Muslim majority
Bothwere land-based empires dependent on the use of firearms
81
Archaeological evidence suggests that the village located atChavín was the center for
a religious movement that spread throughout muchof the Andes
aslave-based economy
thestudy of science and medicine
politicalexperiments with democracy
82
Which of the following wasdone by Charlemagne
He established a large bureaucracy to rule his empire
He wrote an important book on the art of statecraft
He rejected coronation by the pope
He built an impressive, short-lived, empire in WesternEurope
83
Which of thefollowing distinguished the Agricultural Revolution in the Americas from elsewhere?
The absence of animals thatcould be domesticated
High agricultural yields
A common climatic and vegetation zone
Uniformity of farming practices
84
In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean
had much higher transportation costs
were centered on the ports of East Africa
carried more products for amass market
did not transport any luxury goods
85
The Indian caste systemserved to an extent as a political institution by
promotinga belief in individual rights
unifyingthe subcontinent under a single government
creatingwidespread interest in constitutional issues
enforcing rules about social behavior
86
The first hominids from the early Paleolithic Era were found in
Mesopotamiain Southwest Asia
Neanderthal(Neander Valley) in North Europe
Great Rift Valley in East Africa
IndusRiver Valley in South Asia
87
Which of the followingpairs of societies shared a common religion
The Songhay Empire and the OttomanEmpire
The Mughal Empire and Vijayanagara
(A) The Aztecs and the Incas
The Safavid Empire and Ethiopia
88
Confucianism and Daoism
hadlittle influence upon China society until late 900s CE
wereofficially sanctioned doctrines of Qin & Han emperors
began as answer to society problems in times of disruption
emphasizedneeds for the individual over the welfare of state
89
Why were Egyptian farmersmore fortunate than the farmers of Mesopotamia
Tigris/Euphrates frequently changed course; the Nile didn't
Nileflowed north; the Tigris and Euphrates flowed southeast
Nileflooded more deeply than the Tigris and Euphrates
Nile flooded regularly: Tigris/Euphratesflooded irregularly
