A food web represents the flow of energy in nature better than a trophic pyramid because

organisms often eat across the theoretical levels ofthe trophic pyramid.

Natural selection occurs when members of a population have

genetic traits that improve their ability to survive and produce offspring

A good scientific experiment tests only one

variable, or changeable factor, at a time.

Physiological and biological necessities that affectsurvival.

A native species can be described as

Those whose original home is in this particularecosystem.

Which gases play key roles in determining Earth’s average temperatures and climate?

water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, andnitrous oxide

When scientists are test ideas to determine facts, they

Follow a specific set of logical steps.

Which of the following best describes the concept of environmental degradation?

Letting agricultural runoff cause oxygen depletion and kills fish downstrea

Geographic isolation is

physical separation for long time periods.

What is species diversity?

A combination of numbers of different speciesand abundance of individuals w, The different biomes available for wide combination of species to have habi

The two ways in which humans interfere with the carbon cycle are

Burning fossil fuels and removal of forests.

A representation of how energy transfers from onelevel of organisms to anot

A food web represents the flow of energy in nature better than a trophic pyramid because

Organisms often eat across the theoretical levels ofthe trophic pyramid.

An ecological footprint is

the amount of the biologically productive land andwater a person uses.

Why do we use selective breeding?

To obtain specific desired traits.

Mutations occur in the following ways EXCEPT

adaptations to the environment.

Ecology is the study of how

Organisms interact with each other and theirnonliving environmental.

Which statement describes what Earth would be like without the natural greenhouse effect?

The Earth would be a cold, mostly lifeless place withoutthis effect

What are the main two factors that lead to differences in climate?

Differences in average temperature andprecipitation due to global air and w

What causes the uneven heating of Earth’s surface?

It is due to the angle of the sun’s rays ondifferent parts of the Earth.

Matter is best described as

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

The first Law of Thermodynamics states that

energy cannot be created or destroyed.

What creates the belts of prevailing winds in the Earth’s atmosphere?

The rotation of the Earth on its axis results in the Earth moving faster be

An ecosystem can be characterized as

all of the biological interactions, plus interactionsbetween the biotic and

Competition occurs when

two or more individuals attempt to use an essentialcommon resource.

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Environmental Science Review

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Questions 66

Answers

1
A food web represents the flow of energy in nature better than a trophic pyramid because
organisms often eat across the theoretical levels ofthe trophic pyramid.
trophic pyramids are too completed to represent theenergy flow.
the single, linear representation of energy is best in afood web.
scientists don’t really know what organism consume.
2
Natural selection occurs when members of a population have
genetic traits that improve their ability to survive and produce offspring
mutations that improve their ability to survive andproduce genetic traits.
genetic traits that improve their ability to locate nutrients and develop a
adaptive traits that improve their ability to survive and produce mutations
3
A good scientific experiment tests only one
variable, or changeable factor, at a time.
group of subjects (people) during each set ofthe process.
of the five senses.
None of these are possible correct choices.
4
Limiting factors are
Physiological and biological necessities that affectsurvival.
Physiological or biological necessities that affectsurvival.
The genetics that restrict an organism’s maximum size.
The genetics that restrict an organism’s minimum size.
5
Humans strongly affect the hydraulic cycle through all of the following EXCEPT
creating housing developments, paving roads, andparking lots.
clearing vegetation for agriculture.
water withdrawal in heavily populated areas.
boiling water.
6
About _____ of available energy transfers from each level of the trophic pyramid to the next.
10%
30%
50%
5%
7
A native species can be described as
Individual species that are newly introduced intoan ecosystem.
A species that plays a major role in shaping communities by creating and en
Those whose original home is in this particularecosystem.
A species that serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is bei
8
Which gases play key roles in determining Earth’s average temperatures and climate?
phosphorus, oxygen, water vapor, and carbondioxide
water vapor, oxygen, hydrogen dioxide, andmethane
carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, andoxygen
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, andnitrous oxide
9
Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic species interactions?
Predation
Mutualism
Community
Competition
10
Which contains Earth’s liquid water, frozen water, and water vapor in the atmosphere?
Troposphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
11
Which ecosystem component plays a key role in recycling of the nutrients in the biosphere?
Decomposers
Primary consumers
Producers
Herbivores
12
When scientists are test ideas to determine facts, they
Use only mathematical modeling.
Follow a specific set of logical steps.
Use different steps that are unique to eachscientist.
Report observations to the scientificcommunity without data collection.
13
Which of the following best describes the concept of environmental degradation?
Letting agricultural runoff cause oxygen depletion and kills fish downstrea
Using solar power at a rapid rate.
Using oil.
Growing crops for food.
14
A key component of nature’s thermostat is
methane.
oxygen.
carbon dioxide.
glucose.
15
Organisms must do the following to survive environmental changes EXCEPT
adapt to the new conditions.
develop mutations.
migrate to an area with more favorableenvironment.
become extinct.
16
Which one of the following contains all of the others?
Population
Community
Cell
Atom
17
Geographic isolation is
physical separation for long time periods.
mutations the developed over long time periods.
biological adaptations that develop over shortperiods of time.
when reproductive isolation ends.
18
Biodiversity is believed to be the result of
speciation and coevolution.
divergent and convergent evolution.
extinction and coevolution.
speciation and extinction.
19
Most of the world’s cities are located
in cleared forests.
in coastal areas.
near abundant resources.
on sustainable land.
20
Which of the following best describes the areas of study that are important disciples of environmental science?
Economics and Biology
Economics and Biology
Economics and Biology
Economics and Chemistry
21
What is species diversity?
Aquatic species interacting with the abundantterrestrial species.
A combination of numbers of different speciesand abundance of individuals w
An abundance of deferent species interacting together in terrestrial enviro
The different biomes available for wide combination of species to have habi
22
The condition necessary for biological evolution are
traits must be heritable.
trait lead to differential reproduction.
All of these are needed.
genetic variability.
23
Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all
equal in mass
subatomic particles
negative ions
forms of energy
24
The two ways in which humans interfere with the carbon cycle are
Respiration and photosynthesis.
Removal of forest and aerobic respiration.
Burning fossil fuels and removal of forests.
Aerobic respiration and burning fossil fuels.
25
A trophic pyramid is
A representation of how energy transfers from onelevel of organisms to anot
A representation of how nutrients transfer from one level of organisms to a
A physical structure that directs food energy forcellular transpiration.
A physical structure that directs food energy forcellular respiration.
26
Which contains Earth’s liquid water, frozen water, and water vapor in the atmosphere?
Atmosphere
Troposphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
27
A food web represents the flow of energy in nature better than a trophic pyramid because
Organisms often eat across the theoretical levels ofthe trophic pyramid.
Scientists don’t really know what organism consume.
Trophic pyramids are too completed to represent theenergy flow.
The single, linear representation of energy is best in afood web.
28
An ecological footprint is
a measure of the earth’s biological capacity.
a measure of a person’s contribution to creating asustainable environment.
the amount of wilderness available on the earth.
the amount of the biologically productive land andwater a person uses.
29
Why do we use selective breeding?
To erase random desired traits.
To acquire traits no longer available.
To obtain random desired traits.
To obtain specific desired traits.
30
Mutations occur in the following ways EXCEPT
radioactivity.
random mistakes occur in coded geneticinstructions.
gene DNA is exposed to external agents like X-raysand chemicals (mutagens).
adaptations to the environment.
31
Which of the following is a topographic feature that can create local and regional climates different from the general c
bricks
All of these choices.
building materials
asphalt
32
Ecology is the study of how
Humans affect the environment
Energy runs the environment
Organisms interact with each other and theirnonliving environmental.
Atoms make up the environment
33
Which of the following is a social movement dedicated to the protection of Earth’s natural capital?
Natural Science
Environmental Science
Ecology
Environmentalism
34
Genetic engineering is an unpredictable process that raises questions about
environmental issues.
legal issues.
privacy.
All of these.
35
Which statement describes what Earth would be like without the natural greenhouse effect?
The oceans would be colder, containing greaterbiodiversity.
The oceans would be warmer, containing greaterbiodiversity.
The Earth would experience greater geologicalprocesses such as mountain bui
The Earth would be a cold, mostly lifeless place withoutthis effect
36
The steps of the scientific method include which of the following
Keeping your results to yourself so others donot copy your work.
Recording you observations.
Solve the problem using Google.
Asking a lab partner to write your hypothesis.
37
What are the main two factors that lead to differences in climate?
Changes in global ocean circulation and windbelts.
Seasonal differences in rainfall and cloud cover caused by global air circu
Unequal heating due to the tilt of the Earth.
Differences in average temperature andprecipitation due to global air and w
38
What causes the uneven heating of Earth’s surface?
It is caused by the rotation of the Earth causingday and night.
It is caused by the amount of solar energyreceived at the equator.
It is due to the revolution of the Earth aroundthe sun.
It is due to the angle of the sun’s rays ondifferent parts of the Earth.
39
Matter is best described as
Something that can exist as a solid, liquid, orgas.
Is anything that has mass and occupies space and can exist as a solid, liqu
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Something that has the capacity to do work.
40
The first Law of Thermodynamics states that
energy transfer between organisms is highly inefficient and much energy is
energy can be created or destroyed by physicalprocesses.
energy cannot be created or destroyed.
entropy always increases.
41
What creates the belts of prevailing winds in the Earth’s atmosphere?
The rotation of the Earth on its axis results in the Earth moving faster be
Air masses moving faster at the poles and slower at the equator because of
Air moving downward at the poles and upward at the equator due to the Earth
The tilt of the Earth and the ocean currents cause up drafts creating winds
42
Which of the following are examples of living sustainably?
Living off natural income.
All of these choices.
Providing humans with adequate access to naturalcapital.
Using renewable resources.
43
Which of the following is NOT an environmental effect of processing nonrenewable mineral resources?
Ugliness of disturbed area
Thermal water pollution
Solid waste
Air, water, and soil pollution
44
Which theory states that all species descend from earlier ancestral species?
adaptations
evolution
natural selection
mutations
45
The key to solving our environmental problems is
learning to apply the principles of sustainability.
All of these are correct.
reducing waste.
increasing affluence.
46
Organisms that feed on both plants and animals are called
Herbivores
Carnivores
Decomposers
Omnivores
47
An ecosystem can be characterized as
interactions between physical processes and the abiotic environment in whic
all of the biological interactions, plus interactionsbetween the biotic and
the abiotic components of the environment.
all species, populations, and community interactions for organisms in a giv
48
____ are heritable traits that help organisms to survive and reproduce better under prevailing environmental conditions.
Natural selection
Mutations
Extinctions
Adaptive traits
49
The management of natural resources is known as
resource reuse.
recycling.
ecology.
conservation.
50
Competition occurs when
two species have similar niches but occur indifferent habitats.
one organism, the predator, attempts to consumeanother, the prey.
two or more individuals attempt to use an essentialcommon resource.
two or more species have an ecologicalrelationship.
51
is considered by many to be the number one environmental problem because it aggravates or adds to the other problems.
Ozone depletion
Air pollution
Human population growth
Global warming
52
Organisms that feed on both plants and animals are called
Omnivores
Carnivores
Herbivores
Decomposers
53
How do keystone species help ecological communities un smoothly?
They develop stronger predator/preyrelationships in a given community.
They create greater biodiversity in thecommunity and in turn making it stro
They determine the type and number ofcommunity species.
They determine the type of biome andcommunity species.
54
Which statement describes what Earth would be like without the natural greenhouse effect?
The oceans would be colder, containing greaterbiodiversity.
The Earth would experience greater geologicalprocesses such as mountain bui
The Earth would be a cold, mostly lifeless placewithout this effect.
The oceans would be warmer, containing greaterbiodiversity.
55
What creates the belts of prevailing winds in the Earth’s atmosphere?
Air masses moving faster at the poles and slower at the equator because of
The tilt of the Earth and the ocean currents cause up drafts creating winds
Air moving downward at the poles and upward at the equator due to Earth’s r
The rotation of the Earth on it’s axis results in the Earth moving faster b
56
The role that a species plays in an ecosystem is called its ecological
sustainability.
Niche.
habitat
diversity.
57
Which of the following describes a specialist species?
If the environment is constant, they havefewer competitors.
They can live only in very specificenvironments.
All of these are correct.
They are more prone to extinction whenenvironmental conditions change.
58
Which of the following is the goal of environmental science?
Learn how life on earth has thrived and survived, understand how we interac
Understand how we interact with the environment.
Live more sustainably and find ways to deal withenvironmental problems.
Learn how life on earth has thrived and survived.
59
The crucial factor that allows life to exist on Earth is
oxygen
sunlight
liquid water
Photosynthesis
60
Which of the following is NOT correct with respect to natural selection and adaptation?
Natural selection always removes the weak of apopulation.
Since predators also evolve, their prey can neverevolve perfect adaptations
The process of natural selection tends to remove theless fit, but sometimes
In a few generations, a population being subjected to natural selection sho
61
Ecologists study interactions within and among which five levels of organization?
atom, molecule, call, organism, and population
molecule, call, atom, community, and biosphere
cell, organism, atom, ecosystem, and molecule
organism, population, community, ecosystem,and biosphere
62
Which of the following are the three aspects of the system sustainability?
diversity, constancy, and geological processes
resilience, diversity, and atmosphereconditions
persistence, constancy, and resilience
diversity, biomes, persistence
63
An ecological niche is a species’ way of life in an ecosystem including
biological tendencies that affects its survival.
everything that affects its survival andreproduction.
non-biological tendencies that affects its survivaland reproduction.
minor characteristics that affects its reproduction.
64
All of the following are renewable resources except
Grass in your yard
Fertile soil in a field
Groundwater in an aquifer
Oil in the ground
65
What determines the different climates that occur around the world?
The water circulation in the ocean, altitude of the givenarea, and the sola
The amount of precipitation, biodiversity, and the latitudeof the area.
The amount of incoming solar energy per unit area of land, air circulation
The air circulation over the ocean, the solar energyabsorbed by altitude, a
66
The most basic processes in an ecosystem are
flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements.
transport and storage of food.
trophic chains and storage of food.
photosynthesis and respiration.

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