What is the purpose of a Polymerase Chain Reaction?

it creates enough material for scientists to do DNA fingerprinting

What happens in fertilization?

the sperm nuclei joins with the ovule nucleus which causes fertilization

What happens in Gel Electrophoresis?

DNA samples are put into a gel matrix and an electrical current is applied

What is thigmotropism?

growth movement in response to touch

The process where pollen grain from the anther is moved to the stigma

What techniques are used in DNA fingerprinting?

Polymerase Chain Reaction and Gel Electrophoresis

What is lactic acid fermentation?

Glycolysis. Pyruvic acid -> lactic acid -> 2 ATP

What is a dihybrid cross?

a cross that determines 2 traits of the offspring

What is an angiosperm?

seed-bearing vascular plants that produce flowers

What are the drivers of Evolution?

where one species splits into two or more species, a desire to become more complex and certain traits selected by nature

What happens in the Electron Transport System (aka Electron Transport Chain)?

ECM go to inner matrix, electrons merge w/ oxygen forming H2O. 32 ATP made

What are Thermophiles?

microorganisms that can survive in extremely hot conditions

What are the phases of Mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

What is a Punnett Square?

a grid that aids in forecasting genetic outcomes

What is a plant cell?

has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

the membrane enclosing the cell

What are the structures of the heart?

atria, ventricles, and atrioventricular valves

What is gravitropism?

growth movement towards or away from gravity

Which nucleotides pair with each other? (called the base pairing rule)

Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine, and Adenine-Uracil

How are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) made?

cutting and splicing genes and moving them from 1 organism/cell to another

What is the synapse and what does it do?

space between axon and dentrite of 2 cells, how neurons talk to each other

Why can't the Scientific Method answer religious or ethical questions?

the questions do not lend themselves to experimentation

What domain are algae, protozoa, and slime molds members of?

Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Protista

What are neurotransmitters and what do they do?

molecules of chemicals, stimulate electrical impulse in the next neuron

the female part of an angiosperm

What happens in a Polymerase Chain Reaction?

primers show setion of DNA, many copies of the section is made

What are examples of non-vascular plants?

mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

maintenance of cell shape, anchorage of nucleus and other organelles

What happens in the Krebs Cycle?

Pyruvic acid -> Acetyl CoA -> citric acid, all ECMs used. 2 ATP made

What is active transport?

movement of molecules from a low concentration area to high concentration

What is diastolic blood pressure?

the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats

What is the function of pepsin where is it produced?

aids in breakdown of bolus to chyme, the stomach

What happens in DNA Replication?

cell division, 2 daughter cells formed from 1 parent cell

What is the axon and what does it do?

between soma and myelin sheath, carry info to the cell body

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FINAL - Perspectives of Biology

196 termsStudBud Administration38 plays

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Questions 196

Answers

1
What is the function of somatic neurons?
control skeletal muscles
somatic and autonomic neurons
control the heart, glands, and involuntary muscles
2
What is the purpose of a Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Polymerase Chain Reaction and Gel Electrophoresis
changing an organism's genotype (genetics) so its phenotype is different
DNA sections ordered based on length for comparison in DNA fingerprinting
it creates enough material for scientists to do DNA fingerprinting
3
What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis?
travel, transcription
trascription, translation
travel, transformation
translation, transformation
4
What is the function of the vacuoles?
digestion of food and recycling cellular organic materials
support the cell and they are important for cell motility
used in metabolism, oxidizes substances
food, contractile, and central
5
What happens in fertilization?
an embryo
the union of a male and female gamete
after pollination
the sperm nuclei joins with the ovule nucleus which causes fertilization
6
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
plasma and formed elements
blood, heart, vessels
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
no nucleus when mature, has hemoglobin
7
What happens in Gel Electrophoresis?
cutting and splicing genes and moving them from 1 organism/cell to another
DNA samples are put into a gel matrix and an electrical current is applied
nutrient-enriched foods, manufacture medicines, herbicide resistant crops
primers show setion of DNA, many copies of the section is made
8
What is thigmotropism?
movement towards light
growth movement in response to touch
growth movement towards or away from gravity
9
What is pollination?
self- and cross-pollination
The process where pollen grain from the anther is moved to the stigma
wind and insect (animal)
10
What are alleles?
the genetic material they have from their parents
gene pairs on a chromosome
a grid that aids in forecasting genetic outcomes
11
What techniques are used in DNA fingerprinting?
changing an organism's genotype (genetics) so its phenotype is different
it creates enough material for scientists to do DNA fingerprinting
DNA sections ordered based on length for comparison in DNA fingerprinting
Polymerase Chain Reaction and Gel Electrophoresis
12
What does haploid mean?
2 sets of the same chromosome
1 set of the same chromosome
13
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
keeps the organelles suspended
captures radiant energy and converts it to chemical energy (photosynthesis)
growth point of microtubules
14
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Glycolysis. Pyruvic acid -> ethanol -> 2 ATP and carbon dioxide is released
Glycolysis. Pyruvic acid -> lactic acid -> 2 ATP
15
What is a dihybrid cross?
a cross that determines 2 traits of the offspring
the physical traits you can see and observe (example: being tall or short)
a cross that determines only one trait of the offspring
someone's genetic makeup, what their alleles are (example: TT, Tt, or tt)
16
What are the Domains of Life?
Carnivores, Herbivores, and Omnivores
Mammals, Amphibians, and Reptiles
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Plants, Animals, and Humans
17
What is an angiosperm?
the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule
seeds in their structure called fruit
the female part of an angiosperm
seed-bearing vascular plants that produce flowers
18
What are the drivers of Evolution?
the idea that the environment selects for certain traits
where one species splits into two or more species
a desire to become more complex and certain traits selected by nature
19
What happens in the Electron Transport System (aka Electron Transport Chain)?
glucose splits-> pyruvic acid -> 2 ATP molecules, uses NAD & NADH
ECM go to inner matrix, electrons merge w/ oxygen forming H2O. 32 ATP made
ECM = electron carrier molecules (NAD, FAD, NADH, and FADH)
Pyruvic acid -> Acetyl CoA -> citric acid, all ECMs used. 2 ATP made
20
Where is the plasma membrane located?
surrounded by the nuclear envelope (or membrane) in the center of the cell
surrounding of the cell
surrounding the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
21
Non-Vascular plants are also known as what?
Bryophytes
Pryophytes
Vascuphytes
Telophytes
22
Where is the cytoskeleton located?
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
in the cytoskeleton
23
What is the pathway of blood flow?
brain -> heart -> body
neck -> heart -> neck
heart -> organs -> heart
body -> heart -> body
24
What are Thermophiles?
microorganisms that can survive in extremely salty conditions
microorganisms that can survive in extremely hot conditions
an organism that can only be seen by using a microscope
microorganisms that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
25
What are the phases of Mitosis?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
wound healing and growth in body cells
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
interphase and mitosis
26
How is blood pressure measured?
systolic/diastolic
the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats
maximum pressure in the arteries when the hart contracts, or pumps blood
27
What is a Punnett Square?
a grid that aids in forecasting genetic outcomes
gene pairs on a chromosome
the genetic material they have from their parents
28
Where are the microtubules located?
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
in the cytoskeleton
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
29
What is a plant cell?
has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles
simple cell with no membrane-bound nucleus
complex with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles with specific functions
30
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
the membrane enclosing the cell
metabolism, makes lipids, metabolizes carbs, detoxes cell, stores calcium
rigid and gives the cell shape
contins the genes (control center)
31
Where are the microfilaments located?
in the cytoskeleton
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
32
What are the structures of the heart?
moves oxygenated blood away from the heart
pumping blood
moves deoxygenated blood to the heart
atria, ventricles, and atrioventricular valves
33
What is gravitropism?
growth movement in response to touch
growth movement towards or away from gravity
movement towards light
34
Which nucleotides pair with each other? (called the base pairing rule)
Guanine- Cytosine, Uracil-Thymine, and Cytosine-Adenine
Guanine-Uracil, Thymine Cytosine, and Adenine-Guanine
Thymine-Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil, and Adenine-Cytosine
Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine, and Adenine-Uracil
35
How are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) made?
DNA samples are put into a gel matrix and an electrical current is applied
cutting and splicing genes and moving them from 1 organism/cell to another
nutrient-enriched foods, manufacture medicines, herbicide resistant crops
primers show setion of DNA, many copies of the section is made
36
What is the synapse and what does it do?
carry messages from CNS to muscles and glands
molecules of chemicals, stimulate electrical impulse in the next neuron
space between axon and dentrite of 2 cells, how neurons talk to each other
carry input from sense organs to CNS
37
Where are the vesicles located?
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
in the cytoskeleton
38
Why can't the Scientific Method answer religious or ethical questions?
the questions do not lend themselves to experimentation
we don't know enough science
science can answer religious and ethical questions
it can be widely accepted today then discarded in a few generations
39
What domain are algae, protozoa, and slime molds members of?
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Protista
Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Fungi
40
What are neurotransmitters and what do they do?
molecules of chemicals, stimulate electrical impulse in the next neuron
carry input from sense organs to CNS
carry messages from CNS to muscles and glands
space between axon and dentrite of 2 cells, how neurons talk to each other
41
What is the carpel?
seed-bearing vascular plants that produce flowers
seeds in their structure called fruit
the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule
the female part of an angiosperm
42
What happens in a Polymerase Chain Reaction?
DNA samples are put into a gel matrix and an electrical current is applied
nutrient-enriched foods, manufacture medicines, herbicide resistant crops
cutting and splicing genes and moving them from 1 organism/cell to another
primers show setion of DNA, many copies of the section is made
43
What are examples of non-vascular plants?
mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
ivy, flowers, fruit plants
grasses, vines, and weeds
algae, kelp, and lichen
44
What is the function of intermediate filaments?
tension bearing changes in cell shape, motility, cell division
maintenance of cell shape, anchorage of nucleus and other organelles
maintain cell shape, motility, chromosome movement, organelle movement
45
What happens in the Krebs Cycle?
glucose splits-> pyruvic acid -> 2 ATP molecules, uses NAD & NADH
ECM go to inner matrix, electrons merge w/ oxygen forming H2O. 32 ATP made
Pyruvic acid -> Acetyl CoA -> citric acid, all ECMs used. 2 ATP made
ECM = electron carrier molecules (NAD, FAD, NADH, and FADH)
46
What is active transport?
movement of molecules from a high concentration area to low concentration
movement of water from area of high to low concentration
movement of molecules from a low concentration area to high concentration
47
What is diastolic blood pressure?
the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats
systolic/diastolic
maximum pressure in the arteries when the hart contracts, or pumps blood
48
What does diploid mean?
1 set of the same chromosome
2 sets of the same chromosome
49
What is the function of pepsin where is it produced?
begins food breakdown to bolus, in the mouth
breaks down food in the small intetine, pancreas
aids in breakdown of bolus to chyme, the stomach
50
What happens in DNA Replication?
cell division, 2 daughter cells formed from 1 parent cell
proteins are made
51
What is the axon and what does it do?
nervous system cell
receive info and carry it to the cell body
cell body containing the nucleus
between soma and myelin sheath, carry info to the cell body
52
What are the major components of vascular plants?
roots, sticks, and leaves
roots, water, sugar
leaves, stems, and roots
roots, leaves, and flowers
53
What is alcohol fermentation?
Glycolysis. Pyruvic acid -> ethanol -> 2 ATP and carbon dioxide is released
Glycolysis. Pyruvic acid -> lactic acid -> 2 ATP
54
What is the function of the mitochondria?
phagocytosis
synthesis of protein through attached ribosomes, makes membrane material
site of cellular respiration
receives, stores, packages, and ships cellular material
55
What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
DNA, RNA, steroids, and oxygen
fat, sugar, bread, and meat
carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids
plants, animals, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes
56
What is Pholem?
type of tissue that allows water to move from the leaves down to the roots
vascular tissue letting sugar and products to move from leaves to roots
type of root that allows for surgar trasport across the roots
type of vascular transport where water travels from the roots to the stem
57
Where is the cell wall located?
surrounding the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
surrounded by the nuclear envelope (or membrane) in the center of the cell
surrounding of the cell
58
Where are the vacuoles located?
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
in the cytoplasm
in the cytoskeleton
inside the plasma membrane
59
What can the Scientific Method investigate?
things that can be observed and experimented upon
things that can be observed
things that can be experimented upon
things that can't be observed
60
Where is the nucleus located?
surrounding of the cell
surrounded by the nuclear envelope (or membrane) in the center of the cell
in the cytoplasm
surrounding the plasma membrane
61
What is the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants?
nonvascular have membrane bound organelles, vascular do not
nonvascular have tissues that let them transport molecules, vascular do not
vascular have membrane bound organelles, nonvascular do not
vascular have tissues that let them transport molecules, nonvascular do not
62
How many total ATP are made in the process of aerobic cellular respiration?
30
34
32
36
63
What domain are pathogenic, photosynthetic, saprophytic, and mutualistic bacteria members of?
Domain Archaea
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Protista
Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Fungi
64
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
captures radiant energy and converts it to chemical energy (photosynthesis)
keeps the organelles suspended
growth point of microtubules
65
What happens in the initiation of translation?
new protein is folded and packaged into the cell
ribosome sees AUG, tRNA brings anti-codon UAC and amino acid Methionine
stop/nonsense codon reached, new polypeptide parts from mRNA and ribosome
tRNA brings anti-codons and amino acids, amino acids form peptide bonds
66
What are the stages of Meiosis?
prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, pro 2, met 2, an 2, tel 2
divsion of diploid cell, division of cells in reproductive organs
4 daughter cells with half the genetic information of the parent cells
meiosis lets parts of chromosomes to exchange parts with others
67
What is systolic blood pressure?
systolic/diastolic
maximum pressure in the arteries when the hart contracts, or pumps blood
the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats
68
What is osmosis?
movement of molecules from a high concentration area to low concentration
movement of molecules from a low concentration area to high concentration
movement of water from area of high to low concentration
69
What is the function of Salivary amylase and where is it produced?
begins food breakdown to bolus, in the mouth
breaks down food in the small intetine, pancreas
aids in breakdown of bolus to chyme, the stomach
70
What is an animal cell?
made up of many cells; specialized for different functions; more complex
has a plasma cell membrane and smaller vacuoles scattered in the cytoplasm
the entire organism is a simple cell
71
What is the soma and what does it do?
cell body containing the nucleus
nervous system cell
receive info and carry it to the cell body
carry info to the cell body
72
What is the function of the vesicles?
phagocytosis, transporting materials
site of cellular respiration
receives, stores, packages, and ships cellular material
synthesis of protein through attached ribosomes, makes membrane material
73
What is the function of the nucleus?
the membrane enclosing the cell
contins the genes (control center)
rigid and gives the cell shape
metabolism, makes lipids, metabolizes carbs, detoxes cell, stores calcium
74
What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?
control the heart, glands, and involuntary muscles
somatic and autonomic neurons
control skeletal muscles
75
What does fertilization produce?
an embryo
the sperm nuclei joins with the ovule nucleus which causes fertilization
the union of a male and female gamete
after pollination
76
What is the function of centrioles?
growth point of microtubules
keeps the organelles suspended
captures radiant energy and converts it to chemical energy (photosynthesis)
77
What is the function of red blood cells?
immune response
contains a nucleus, does not contain hemoglobin
incomplete cells (have not been fragmented)
transportation
78
What is AUG?
the mis-sense codon
the stop codon
the nonsense codon
the start codon
79
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?
metabolism, makes lipids, metabolizes carbs, detoxes cell, stores calcium
contins the genes (control center)
the membrane enclosing the cell
rigid and gives the cell shape
80
What is the function of lysosomes?
food, contractile, and central
support the cell and they are important for cell motility
used in metabolism, oxidizes substances
digestion of food and recycling cellular organic materials
81
Are members of Kingdom Protista parasitic, commensal, or mutualistic?
commensal
mutualistic
all of the above
parasitic
82
What is the central nervous system?
somatic and autonomic neurons
everything besides the brain and spinal cord
autonomic functions, basic decisions, thinking and reasoning
brain and spinal cord
83
What are Mutualistic bacteria?
bacteria that confer benefits to organism while deriving benefits from them
bacteria that cause disease in both plants or animals
bacterial organisms with chlorophyll, make their food, and green in water
bacteria that feed on dead or decaying matter
84
What is the first step in DNA Replication?
DNA Helicase attaches to DNA and separates it
DNA Polymerase beings nucleotides to pair with DNA strands
4 strands are formed from the original DNA (2 pairs of DNA)
85
What determine's people's traits?
a grid that aids in forecasting genetic outcomes
gene pairs on a chromosome
the genetic material they have from their parents
86
What happens in the termination of translation?
stop/nonsense codon reached, new polypeptide parts from mRNA and ribosome
ribosome sees AUG, tRNA brings anti-codon UAC and amino acid Methionine
new protein is folded and packaged into the cell
tRNA brings anti-codons and amino acids, amino acids form peptide bonds
87
What is a microorganism?
microorganisms that cannot live in the presence o oxygen
an organism that can only be seen by using a microscope
microorganisms that can survive in extremely salty conditions
microorganisms that can survive in extremely hot conditions
88
What is a neuron?
receive info and carry it to the cell body
carry info to the cell body
cell body containing the nucleus
nervous system cell
89
What is a unicellular organism?
has a plasma cell membrane and smaller vacuoles scattered in the cytoplasm
made up of many cells; specialized for different functions; more complex
the entire organism is a simple cell
90
Where is the rough ER located?
in the cytoskeleton
in the cytoplasm
inside the plasma membrane
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
91
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?
synthesis of protein through attached ribosomes, makes membrane material
phagocytosis
site of cellular respiration
receives, stores, packages, and ships cellular material
92
What is the third step in DNA Replication?
4 strands are formed from the original DNA (2 pairs of DNA)
DNA Helicase attaches to DNA and separates it
DNA Polymerase beings nucleotides to pair with DNA strands
93
Why does Science change when new facts emerge?
the questions do not lend themselves to experimentation
science can answer religious and ethical questions
facts can be widely accepted today then discarded in a few generations
we don't know enough science
94
What is the function of white blood cells?
contains a nucleus, does not contain hemoglobin
immune response
blood clotting
incomplete cells (have not been fragmented)
95
What is Biotechnology?
changing an organism's genotype (genetics) so its phenotype is different
Polymerase Chain Reaction and Gel Electrophoresis
DNA sections ordered based on length for comparison in DNA fingerprinting
it creates enough material for scientists to do DNA fingerprinting
96
What is diffusion?
movement of molecules from a high concentration area to low concentration
movement of molecules from a low concentration area to high concentration
movement of water from area of high to low concentration
97
When does fertilization happen?
the sperm nuclei joins with the ovule nucleus which causes fertilization
an embryo
after pollination
the union of a male and female gamete
98
What is the general equation for cellular respiration
1 + 1 = 3
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
99
What is the stamen?
the anther and filaments
the male part of an angiosperm
the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule
the female part of an angiosperm
100
Which digestive organs aid in mechanical breakdown?
teeth and tongue
large intestine
enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
small intestine
101
What is the function and location of the stomach?
in the head, grinds food, saliva begins breakdown, tongue tastes and shapes
upper left abdomen, gastric juices breakdown bolus to make chyme
breaking down food into basic nutrients for the body to use
throat, moves bolus to the stomach
102
Where are the intermediate filaments located?
in the cytoplasm
inside the plasma membrane
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
in the cytoskeleton
103
Where are the perioxisomes located?
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoskeleton
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
in the cytoplasm
104
What is fertilization?
the union of a male and female gamete
an embryo
the sperm nuclei joins with the ovule nucleus which causes fertilization
after pollination
105
Genes exist _____.
in quadruplets
in triplets
in pairs
by themselves
106
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?
meiosis lets chromosomes to exchange parts with others, does mitosis twice
divsion of diploid cell, division of cells in reproductive organs
4 daughter cells with half the genetic information of the parent cells
prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, pro 2, met 2, an 2, tel 2
107
Where are the centrioles located?
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
in the cytoplasm
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoskeleton
108
What are Saprophytic bacteria?
bacteria that confer benefits to organism while deriving benefits from them
bacterial organisms with chlorophyll, make their food, and green in water
bacteria that feed on dead or decaying matter
bacteria that cause disease in both plants or animals
109
What is the function of the spinal cord?
everything besides the brain and spinal cord
passing info from brain to rest of the body
autonomic functions, basic decisions, thinking and reasoning
brain and spinal cord
110
What are examples of gymnosperms?
A type of seed-bearing vascular plant that are mostly wind-populated
cycads, ginkgo, and conifers
naked seed
111
What domain are yeast, athletes foot, and ringworm members of?
Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Fungi
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Protista
Domain Archaea
112
What does phenotype mean?
a cross that determines only one trait of the offspring
a cross that determines 2 traits of the offspring
someone's genetic makeup, what their alleles are (example: TT, Tt, or tt)
the physical traits you can see and observe (example: being tall or short)
113
What happens in glycolysis?
ECM = electron carrier molecules (NAD, FAD, NADH, and FADH)
ECM go to inner matrix, electrons merge w/ oxygen forming H2O. 32 ATP made
Pyruvic acid -> Acetyl CoA -> citric acid, all ECMs used. 2 ATP made
glucose splits-> pyruvic acid -> 2 ATP molecules, uses NAD & NADH
114
Which digestive organs aid in absorption of nutrients and water?
large intestine
small intestine
teeth and tongue
enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
115
What is the function of perioxisomes?
support the cell and they are important for cell motility
digestion of food and recycling cellular organic materials
used in metabolism, oxidizes substances
food, contractile, and central
116
How many daughter cells are made in Meiosis?
divsion of diploid cell, division of cells in reproductive organs
4 daughter cells with half the genetic information of the parent cells
prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, pro 2, met 2, an 2, tel 2
meiosis lets parts of chromosomes to exchange parts with others
117
What are the phases of Interphase?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
interphase and mitosis
wound healing and growth in body cells
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
118
Where is the smooth ER located?
surrounding the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
surrounding of the cell
surrounded by the nuclear envelope (or membrane) in the center of the cell
119
What happens in between transcription and translation?
an RNA strand is made using a strand of DNA as a template by RNA polymerase
happens in the nucleus, DNA Helicase separates and unwinds DNA strands
the strand of DNA that codes for a protein runs out and transcription ends
the RNA strand is released from the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm
120
How many daughter cells are formed in Mitosis?
1
6
4
2
121
What is a gymnosperm?
A type of seed-bearing vascular plant that are mostly wind-populated
naked seed
cycads, ginkgo, and conifers
122
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Plantae?
autotrophic
non-motile
multicellular with cellulose cell walls
all of the above
123
What is a prokaryotic cell?
simple cell with no membrane-bound nucleus
has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles
complex with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles with specific functions
124
Where are the lysosomes located?
in the cytoplasm
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoskeleton
125
What is the dendrite and what does it do?
nervous system cell
parts that stick out around the soma, receive info, carry it to the soma
cell body containing the nucleus
carry info to the cell body
126
What happens in the elongation of translation?
tRNA brings anti-codons and amino acids, amino acids form peptide bonds
ribosome sees AUG, tRNA brings anti-codon UAC and amino acid Methionine
new protein is folded and packaged into the cell
stop/nonsense codon reached, new polypeptide parts from mRNA and ribosome
127
What is the function and location of the esophagus?
in the head, grinds food, saliva begins breakdown, tongue tastes and shapes
upper left abdomen, gastric juices breakdown bolus to make chyme
throat, moves bolus to the stomach
breaking down food into basic nutrients for the body to use
128
What is the function of arteries?
moves deoxygenated blood to the heart
atria, ventricles, and atrioventricular valves
moves oxygenated blood away from the heart
pumping blood
129
Where are the chloroplasts located?
in the cytoplasm
in the cytoskeleton
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
inside the plasma membrane
130
What are characteristics of white blood cells?
immune response
blood clotting
incomplete cells (have not been fragmented)
contains a nucleus, does not contain hemoglobin
131
What are Photosynthetic bacteria?
bacteria that feed on dead or decaying matter
bacteria that cause disease in both plants or animals
bacterial organisms with chlorophyll, make their food, and green in water
bacteria that confer benefits to organism while deriving benefits from them
132
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
wound healing and growth in body cells
interphase and mitosis
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
133
Are members of Kingdom Fungi parasitic, commensal, or mutualistic?
commensal and parasitic
mutualistic and commenal
parasitic and mutualistic
all of the above
134
Which digestive organs aid in the production of waste?
teeth and tongue
small intestine
large intestine
enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
135
What is the second step in DNA Replication?
DNA Polymerase beings nucleotides to pair with DNA strands
DNA Helicase attaches to DNA and separates it
4 strands are formed from the original DNA (2 pairs of DNA)
136
What are the characteristic of red blood cells?
no nucleus when mature, has hemoglobin
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
plasma and formed elements
blood, heart, vessels
137
What are the steps of the scientific method?
see, think, test
question, hypothesis, results
observe, question, explore, hypothesis, test, conclusions, communication
question, hypothesis, test, conclusions, communication
138
What are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) made for?
nutrient-enriched foods, manufacture medicines, herbicide resistant crops
DNA samples are put into a gel matrix and an electrical current is applied
cutting and splicing genes and moving them from 1 organism/cell to another
primers show setion of DNA, many copies of the section is made
139
What is a monohybrid cross?
the physical traits you can see and observe (example: being tall or short)
someone's genetic makeup, what their alleles are (example: TT, Tt, or tt)
a cross that determines only one trait of the offspring
a cross that determines 2 traits of the offspring
140
What domain are halophiles, thermophiles, and methanogens members of?
Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Protista
Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Fungi
Domain Archaea
Domain Bacteria
141
What is phototropism?
growth movement towards or away from gravity
growth movement in response to touch
movement towards light
142
What are the types of pollination within wind and insect pollination?
wind and insect (animal)
self- and cross-pollination
The process where pollen grain from the anther is moved to the stigma
143
What is the function of the heart?
moves oxygenated blood away from the heart
moves deoxygenated blood to the heart
atria, ventricles, and atrioventricular valves
pumping blood
144
What does genotype mean?
the physical traits you can see and observe (example: being tall or short)
someone's genetic makeup, what their alleles are (example: TT, Tt, or tt)
a cross that determines 2 traits of the offspring
a cross that determines only one trait of the offspring
145
What are the characteristics of the members of domain Bacteria?
eukaryotic organisms that have larger membrane bound nuclei and organelles
bacteria that are prokaryotic organisms and able to live in extreme places
prokaryotic organisms that are true bacteria
146
What happens after protein synthesis?
stop/nonsense codon reached, new polypeptide parts from mRNA and ribosome
ribosome sees AUG, tRNA brings anti-codon UAC and amino acid Methionine
tRNA brings anti-codons and amino acids, amino acids form peptide bonds
new protein is folded and packaged into the cell
147
What is a eukaryotic cell?
has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles
complex with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles with specific functions
simple cell with no membrane-bound nucleus
148
What is Speciation?
a desire to become more complex and certain traits selected by nature
the idea that the environment selects for certain traits
where one species splits into two or more species
149
What are the characteristics of the members of domain Archaea?
prokaryotic organisms that are true bacteria
bacteria that are prokaryotic organisms and able to live in extreme places
eukaryotic organisms that have larger membrane bound nuclei and organelles
150
What does gymnosperm mean?
cycads, ginkgo, and conifers
naked seed
A type of seed-bearing vascular plant that are mostly wind-populated
151
What is a multi-cellular organism?
has a plasma cell membrane and smaller vacuoles scattered in the cytoplasm
the entire organism is a simple cell
made up of many cells; specialized for different functions; more complex
152
Where is the mitochondria located?
in the cytoplasm
in the cytoskeleton
inside the plasma membrane
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
153
What are Methanogens?
microorganisms that can survive in extremely hot conditions
an organism that can only be seen by using a microscope
microorganisms that can survive in extremely salty conditions
microorganisms that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
154
What are the formed elements?
plasma and formed elements
no nucleus when mature, has hemoglobin
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
blood, heart, vessels
155
What happens in elongation of transcription?
the strand of DNA that codes for a protein runs out and transcription ends
the RNA strand is released from the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm
an RNA strand is made using a strand of DNA as a template by RNA polymerase
happens in the nucleus, DNA Helicase separates and unwinds DNA strands
156
What are the parts of the blood?
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
blood, heart, vessels
plasma and formed elements
no nucleus when mature, has hemoglobin
157
What are characteristics of platelets?
incomplete cells (have not been fragmented)
blood clotting
immune response
contains a nucleus, does not contain hemoglobin
158
What is the purpose of Gel Electrophoresis?
changing an organism's genotype (genetics) so its phenotype is different
it creates enough material for scientists to do DNA fingerprinting
DNA sections ordered based on length for comparison in DNA fingerprinting
Polymerase Chain Reaction and Gel Electrophoresis
159
What is the function of microfilaments?
maintain cell shape, motility, chromosome movement, organelle movement
maintenance of cell shape, anchorage of nucleus and other organelles
tension bearing changes in cell shape, motility, cell division
160
What is the function of sensory neurons?
carry messages from CNS to muscles and glands
molecules of chemicals, stimulate electrical impulse in the next neuron
carry input from sense organs to CNS
space between axon and dentrite of 2 cells, how neurons talk to each other
161
What are the 3 steps in transcription and translation?
initiation, elongation, termination
start, translation, end
beginning, middle, end
transcription, translation, termination
162
What is the purpose of mitosis?
wound healing and growth in body cells
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
interphase and mitosis
163
What is the peripheral nervous system?
passing info from brain to rest of the body
everything besides the brain and spinal cord
autonomic functions, basic decisions, thinking and reasoning
brain and spinal cord
164
What is the function and location of the mouth?
breaking down food into basic nutrients for the body to use
in the head, grinds food, saliva begins breakdown, tongue tastes and shapes
upper left abdomen, gastric juices breakdown bolus to make chyme
throat, moves bolus to the stomach
165
What is the function of the cell wall?
contins the genes (control center)
the membrane enclosing the cell
rigid and gives the cell shape
metabolism, makes lipids, metabolizes carbs, detoxes cell, stores calcium
166
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
4 daughter cells with half the genetic information of the parent cells
prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, pro 2, met 2, an 2, tel 2
divsion of diploid cell, division of cells in reproductive organs
meiosis lets parts of chromosomes to exchange parts with others
167
What are pathogenic bacteria?
bacteria that cause disease in both plants or animals
bacterial organisms with chlorophyll, make their food, and green in water
bacteria that confer benefits to organism while deriving benefits from them
bacteria that feed on dead or decaying matter
168
What parts of the flower make up the carpel?
seed-bearing vascular plants that produce flowers
the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule
seeds in their structure called fruit
the female part of an angiosperm
169
What parts of the flower make up the stamen?
the male part of an angiosperm
the female part of an angiosperm
the anther and filaments
the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule
170
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
digestion of food and recycling cellular organic materials
food, contractile, and central
used in metabolism, oxidizes substances
support the cell and important for cell motility
171
What happens in initiation of transcription?
the strand of DNA that codes for a protein runs out and transcription ends
happens in the nucleus, DNA Helicase separates and unwinds DNA strands
an RNA strand is made using a strand of DNA as a template by RNA polymerase
the RNA strand is released from the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm
172
What is the function and location of the large intestine?
abdomen, unused food enters, water is squeezed out, food becomes feces
abdomen, gets bile and pancreatic juices, breaks down chyme into nutrients
173
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
moves really fast
the powerhouse of the cell
lower activation energy, so a reaction speeds up but the enzyme is not used
174
What are the types of pollination?
wind and insect (animal)
self- and cross-pollination
The process where pollen grain from the anther is moved to the stigma
175
What are the characteristics of the members of domain Eukarya?
bacteria that are prokaryotic organisms and able to live in extreme places
eukaryotic organisms that have larger membrane bound nuclei and organelles
prokaryotic organisms that are true bacteria
176
What is the advantage of a plant having vascular tissues?
plants can be more compact to preserve resources
plants can be specialized and grow taller
plants can accomplish more cellular tasks
plants cna grow taller and wider
177
What is Natural Selection?
the idea that the environment selects for certain traits
where one species splits into two or more species
a desire to become more complex and certain traits selected by nature
178
What is the function of the brain?
passing info from brain to rest of the body
autonomic functions, basic decisions, thinking and reasoning
everything besides the brain and spinal cord
brain and spinal cord
179
What is the function of autonomic neurons?
somatic and autonomic neurons
control skeletal muscles
control the heart, glands, and involuntary muscles
180
What is Xylem?
type of vascular transport where water travels from the roots to the stem
type of root that allows for surgar trasport across the roots
type of tissue that allows water to move from the leaves down to the roots
vascular tissue letting sugar and products to move from leaves to roots
181
Where is the cytoplasm located?
in the cytoskeleton
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
182
What do angiosperms produce?
the female part of an angiosperm
the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule
seed-bearing vascular plants that produce flowers
seeds in their structure called fruit
183
What is the function and location of the small intestine?
abdomen, gets bile and pancreatic juices, breaks down chyme into nutrients
abdomen, unused food enters, water is squeezed out, food becomes feces
184
Which digestive organs aid in chemical breakdown?
small intestine
teeth and tongue
large intestine
enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
185
What is the function of motor neurons?
carry input from sense organs to CNS
molecules of chemicals, stimulate electrical impulse in the next neuron
carry messages from CNS to muscles and glands
space between axon and dentrite of 2 cells, how neurons talk to each other
186
What is the function of veins?
atria, ventricles, and atrioventricular valves
moves oxygenated blood away from the heart
moves deoxygenated blood to the heart
pumping blood
187
Where is the golgi apparatus located?
inside the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm
in the centrosome (a region near the nucleus)
in the cytoskeleton
188
What is the function of platelets?
contains a nucleus, does not contain hemoglobin
incomplete cells (have not been fragmented)
blood clotting
immune response
189
What is the function of the digestive system?
breaking down food into basic nutrients for the body to use
upper left abdomen, gastric juices breakdown bolus to make chyme
in the head, grinds food, saliva begins breakdown, tongue tastes and shapes
throat, moves bolus to the stomach
190
What is the function of microtubules?
maintenance of cell shape, anchorage of nucleus and other organelles
tension bearing changes in cell shape, motility, cell division
maintain cell shape, motility, chromosome movement, organelle movement
191
What is the amino acid that corresponds to AUG?
Steroid
Guanine
Methionine
Uracil
192
What happens in termination of transcription?
the RNA strand is released from the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm
the strand of DNA that codes for a protein runs out and transcription ends
an RNA strand is made using a strand of DNA as a template by RNA polymerase
happens in the nucleus, DNA Helicase separates and unwinds DNA strands
193
What are Halophiles?
microorganisms that can survive in extremely salty conditions
an organism that can only be seen by using a microscope
microorganisms that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
microorganisms that can survive in extremely hot conditions
194
What does "Did King Phillip Come Over For Grape Soda" stand for?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Domain, Kingdom, Parts, Class, Open, Flowers, Genus, Specifics
Domain, Kingdom, Parts, Crosses, Option, Family, Ground, Special
Domain, Kingdom, Parts, Clique, Order, Field, Grass, Species
195
What is the function of enzymes in pancreatic juices and where is it produced?
begins food breakdown to bolus, in the mouth
breaks down food in the small intetine, pancreas
aids in breakdown of bolus to chyme, the stomach
196
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
site of cellular respiration
phagocytosis
receives, stores, packages, and ships cellular material
synthesis of protein through attached ribosomes, makes membrane material

FINAL - Perspectives of Biology Flashcards | StudBud