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CV System Review
CV System Review
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1
Beta blockers are used in ACS tx because of their ability to:
reduce myocardial 02 demand
stabalize arterial volume
enhance myocardial vessel tone
reverse obstruction fixed vessel lesion
2
You can treat coronary artery disease by . . .
Liver Surgery
CAD Pills
Eating More Red Meat
Quitting Smoking
3
The type of shock caused by a failure of the heart is referred to as:
distributive
hypovolemic
cardiogenic
bloos loss
4
Which of the following pulses would not be evaluated in the pt with vascular disease?
popliteal
carotid
dorsalis pedis
brachial
5
When planning emergent care for suspected MI, the nurse will anticipate the priority intervention?
Increase exercise
Implement dietary restrictions to improve CAD
Administer nitroglycerin sublingual
Administer morphine IV
6
What are recommended in patients with CAD and stable angina?
ACEI/ARB
Beta blockers
All of the above
Thiazides
7
The Pacemaker of the heart
SA node
QRS
EKG
AV node
8
Nursing care for venous disease?
Massage or rub affected area
Exercise
Wear restrictive clothing
Teach crossing legs
9
The client with angina is given diet instructions. Which of the meals will be best for low-cholesterol diet?
Fried chicken, green beans, skim milk
Spaghetti, salad, coffee
Baked salmon, green beans, coffee
Burger, salad, milkshake
10
Nursing care of the patient with varicose veins includes all of the following except:
Losing weight
Avoiding exercise
Avoiding prolonged standing
Wearing support hose
11
The most commons symptoms of heart attack are?
fainting
all of above
shortness of breath
chest pain
12
Nursing education for the cardiac catheterization include all except:
pressure dressing
allergy history
bending the extremity
monitoring vital signs
13
The student nurse recognizes this the need for this intervention to convert the patient out of this rhythm.
Na+
Mg+
Ca+
K+
14
Your client with HF, suddenly is dyspneic, tachycardic, crackles. The nurses understands the priority intervention is?
Prepare to administer furosemide
Insert a foley catheter
Place the patient in side lying supine
Remove the oxygen
15
The nurse is caring for the HF patient. Understanding HF, what is the
priority
in care for this patient?
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Diet
Stress test
Full night of sleep
16
61 yr old male with multiple risk factors for CAD. The nurse should focus primarily on:
Family history of CAD
Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level
Increased risk for CAD as people age
Increased risk associated with gender
17
What is the first step to determine ACS?
EKG
BNP levels
FEV1 / FVC
Troponin levels
18
Nursing care following cardiac catheterization
Elevate affected extremity
Raise HOB to 45 degrees
Ambulate patient
Assess insertion site for hematoma
19
Causes of Peripheral vascular disease
wearing wrong shoes
wearing wrong socks
standing to long
Hypertension, Insulin resistance, smoking and lupus
20
Your client is dizzy, HR 38, BP 82/60. The nurse understands the client will need?
Defibrillation
Digoxin administered
Prepare for transcutaneour pacing
Continue to be monitored
21
What lifestyle changes are recommended for patients who had an MI
control hypertension
exercising 5x a week
all of the above
eating a low fat, restricted sodium diet
22
Which of the following tests used to diagnose heart disease is least invasive?
Cardiac catheterization
Transthoracic echocardiography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Coronary arteriography
23
Which is NOT a component of acute management of MI?
MONA
Long-acting nitrate
Morphine
Antiplatelet
24
What are the most appropriate nursing interventions for the patient with heart failure?
Daily weight and echocardiogram
Check clotting and bleeding factors
Infuse 0.45 normal saline at 100/hr
Check BMI and place stents
25
The nurse sees a single PVC on a client's telemetry monitor. What action by the nurse is appropriate?
Begin CPR
Prepare foe defibrillation
Notify the HCP
Continue to monitor the rhythm
26
Which EKG change is indicative of acute injury and possible acute MI occurring?
QRS widening
T wave inversion
Q wave minimizing
ST segment elevation
27
What are the other causes of Coronary Artery Disease?
blood pressure, low cholesterol, not getting enough sleep
smoking, diabetes, sleeping too much, not eating enough
Smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes
drinking, smoking, eating too much, diabetes
28
What is Peripheral Artery Disease?
narrowing of arteries in the heart and surrounding organs
inflammation of the arteries
narrowing of the great vessels
narrowing of the arteries in extremities
29
The student nurse understands the best intervention for survival for this patient is to?
Notify the HCP
Prepare to defibrillate
Continue to monitor the patient
Administer medications as indicated
30
Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease include
Lifestyle factors, family history and obesity
Smoking, family history, diabeties
Hypertension, Gender and age
Smoking, diet and exercise
31
The nurse understands after pericrdiocentesis for cardiac tamponade, the nurse would observe for effectiveness?
Muffled heart sounds
Client expressions of dyspnea
Jugular venous distention
Rise in blood pressure
32
What factors would indicate that a 12-year-old child has rheumatic heart disease ?
The disease results in damage to peripheral sensory nerves.
The disease produces lesions in the mouth and oropharynx.
The pt lives in the most common area of the western U.S.
Symptoms occur 20 days after streptococcus throat infection
33
Coolness is associated with arterial disease.
False
True
34
In a teaching plan for a patient with peripheral arterial disease, which will you include?
No walking
Keep the environment warm, wear socks
Elevate Legs
Wear Ted stockings
35
What is the best initial treatment for a patient with an acute MI within the first 90 minutes?
Targeted Temperature Management
Immediate Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Bedrest and Morphine Sulfate for pain
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
36
A patient with chest pain & diabetes is to go to the cath lab. The nurse understands to question which medication?
Regular insulin
Glipizide
Repaglinide
Metformin
37
All are considered ACS except
STEMI
stroke
unstable angina
non-stemi
38
The nurse is planning client teaching for hypertension. Which of the following is most appropriate to include?
Increase carbohydrate intake
Restrict sodium intake to < 2.4 g/day
Increase the use of calcium supplements
Restrict all caffeine
39
Which of the following symptoms would not be seen in arterial peripheral disease?
skin cool to touch
absent pedal pulse
pallor with elevation
varicosities
40
The nurse is providing teaching to a client recovering from MI. Discussion of resuming sexual activity will be?
Discussed along with other physical activities
Avoided due to embarrassment to the client
Accomplished by giving written material
Delegated to the PCP
41
What is the major symptom of Peripheral Arterial Disease?
drop in blood pressure
intermittent claudication
swelling in the upper extremities
shortness of breath
42
The nurse suspects the EKG to define a MI. What will the nurse expect to identify on the EKG?
ST segment depression
ST segment elevation
Prolonged PR interval
Narrowed QRS segment
43
Which of the following nursing care is the focus of care for the patient with HTN?
Improving Physical Mobility
Increasing Knowledge of disease process
Improving Airway Clearance
Increasing Activity
44
Pt post acute MI has arrhythmias. Which lab abnormality MOST likely contributes 2 arrhythmias?
hemoglobin
hematocrit
albumin
potassium
45
What causes Coronary Artery Disease?
Build up of plaque on teeth
High blood pressure
It is inherited
Build up of plaque in the arteries
46
In Peripheral Arterial Disease, the patient would have which of the following symptoms?
Increased warmth & erythema
Normal pulses
Thin, shiny dry skin with no hair on legs
Deep aching pain in the calves
47
Aspirin is administered during a MI for it's?
antiplatelet action
Analgesic action
Antipyretic action
Antithrombotic action
48
What feature of chest pain indicate ACS > stable CAD ?
Radiate to jaw
Persisting angina at rest
Ill defined retrosternal chest tightness
Improved with nitroglycerine
49
Understanding the reason for cardiac clients taking beta blockers, the nurse emphasizes this teaching?
They lower your heart rate
They are cardio-protective
They improve oxygenation
They reduce BP improving hypertension
50
"Statins" are useful in CAD because they:
SAP
Decrease total cholesterol
Decrease triglycerides
Increase HDL levels
Increase LDL levels
51
What can Peripheral Vascular Disease cause
total loss of blood to parts of the body
total loss of lower part of the body
arteries can pop
your soul to leave your body
52
The nurse notices the following rhythms of 4 MI clients. Which client should be seen first?
Ventricular fibrillation
premature atrial contractions
Sinus bradycardia
Atrial tachycardia
53
The student nurse understands the best outcome for client's with STEMI in the cath lab is to achieve?
Revascularization
Anticoagulation
Defibrillation
Digitalization
54
Before D/C, an acute MI pt should have received a B-blocker & which other medication?
Antiplatelet agents & nitrates
Nitrates & calcium channel blocker
Antiplatelet agents & statins
Statins & Calcium channel blocker
55
Right-sided heart failure related to acute or chronic pulmonary disease
Cor Pulmonale
Varicose Veins
Buerger's Disease
Polyarteritis Nodosa
56
Patients with peripheral venous vascular disease should be encouraged to:
Perform good foot care
Decrease dependent time for the legs
Dangle the legs
Elevate the head of the bed
57
The nurse is evaluating a client's response to cardioversion. Which assessment would be the priority?
Oxygen flow rate
Level of consciousness
Status of airway
Blood pressure
58
A general term for heart failure is
pump fusion
my achy breaky heart
heartache failure
pump failure
59
This valve is the most commonly affected by rheumatic heart disease...
Pulmonic
Aortic
Mitral
Tricuspid
60
The client with AFib, HR 150. The nurse knows to assess for which associated s/s?
Hypotension and dizzines
Flat neck veins
Nausea and vomiting
Hypertension and headache
61
Nursing interventions for pt with rheumatic heart disease are focused on maintaining:
a low fiber diet to treat fluid volume excess
Adequate activity level to promote healing and increase HR
bed rest to decrease cardiac workload during initial attack
Proper steroid levels to prevent carditis.
62
Why should patients with peripheral arterial disease be strongly encouraged to quit smoking?
Nicotine causes arterial vasospasms
Peripheral vasoconstriction leads to further decompensation
Peripheral vasodilation leads to further decompensation
Smoking leads to no positive outcomes!
63
Repeated exposure to group A strep can increase risk for chronic rheumatic heart disease.
False
True
64
what is a heart disease?
poor diet
damage of the heart
blood stoppage of the heart
Heart conditions with structural problems, and blood clots.
65
The nurse teaches pt with peripheral vascular disorder that risks for his condition are:
family hx of the disease does not increase his risk
BP is not associated with peripheral vascular disorder
women up to 40 years old are more susceptible
smoking is a major contributing factor of the disease
66
Pink, frothy sputum found during an assessment is indicative of left sided HF?
True
False
67
The telemetry nurse observes ventricular tachycardia on the monitor. The nurse recognizes the priority care is?
Continue to monitor
Notify the HCP
Call a code
Check for a pulse
68
Weight, hypertension, heredity, and age are all risk factors for CAD?
False
True
69
A client has chest pain and elevated troponin level. The nurse expects to find what EKG changes on the 12-lead EKG?
Myocardial hypertrophy
Myocardial ischemia
Myocardial Infaction
Myocarditis
70
Nitrates are used in ACS because of their ability to:
cause vasodilation
stabalize cardiac rhythm
reduce myocardial 02 demand
reverse fixed vessel obstruction
71
Any disease of arteries or veins peripheral, or outside the the heart ans head
TREADMILL
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE (PVD)
HYPERTENSION
HEART MUSCLE
72
Inflammation of the heart is known as:
Cor Pulmonale
Cardiomyopathy
Thrombophlebitis
Carditis
73
A client with pink-frothy sputum begins coughing. The nurse expects to auscultate?
Diminished breath sounds
Crackles
Scattered rhonchi
Stridor
74
Coronary artery disease
Accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels
Loss of oxygen to the myocardium
Weak venous valves
Scar tissue in myocradium from repeated infarctions
75
Murmurs that indicate heart disease are often accompanied by other symptoms such as:
Subcutaneous emphysema.
Thoracic petechiae.
Periorbital edema.
Dyspnea on exertion.
76
Nursing care for electrolyte disorders include (s)?
Administer ordered medications
Monitoring labs, vitals, cardiac rhythm, I & O and weight
All of the above
Patient education
77
Peripheral vascular disease is
restricted blood flow in arteries/veins - arms/legs/body
Having no arteries
Blood flow in normal
Absent of veins
78
The nurse understands the best indication for HF is the lab result?
CMP
A1C
BNP
BMP
79
Nursing care post cardiac catheterization focuses on early ambulation.
True
False
80
Which of the following symptoms would not be seen in arterial peripheral disease?
skin cool to touch
absent pedal pulse
varicosities
pallor with elevation
81
Which of the following individuals have the highest risk for coronary artery disease (CAD)?
47 y/o depressed male with high stress job
54 y/o female, vegetarian with elevated HDLs
62 y/o female with sedentary lifestyle and BMI 21 kg/m2
60 y/o male with below normal homocysteine level
82
Treatment of this disease is aimed at decreasing the workload of the heart.
cardiomyopathy
carditis
congestive heart failure
hypertensive heart disease
83
Nurse teaching for peripheral vascular disease includes all of the following except:
Teach patient to avoid crossing legs
Assess affected extremity for tissue perfusion q8h
Avoid direct heat to affected extremity
Protect extremity from injury
84
What is this rhythm called?
Ventricular tachycardia
SVT
Polymorphia tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
85
Expected outcome of IV furosemide administration include?
Increased blood pressure
Decrease in heart rate
Increased urine output
Decreased urine output
86
The major goal for implementing nursing care for a client with arrhythmias is to improve
dietary fiber intake
cardiac output
fluid status
daily blood volume
87
Noticing this on the monitor, the first intervention for the student nurse would be?
Obtain order to check electrolytes
Send the patient to the cath lab
Begin high quality CPR
Replace the batteries in the telemetry monitor
88
Rheumatic heart disease is caused by....
The flu
Streptococcal infections
Atherosclerosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
89
The nurse needs to administer metoprolol to a hypertensive client. The nurse will hold the dose and consult for?
Respirations 26
O2 Sat 91%
HR 48
BP 130/68
90
What are the S/S of Peripheral Arterial Occlusion?
Nausea, Vomiting
The "Six P's"
Dizziness, Headache
The "Five O's"
91
The nurse is called to a patient's room, the patient has no pulse and this is on the monitor. What is the priority?
Get the patient a drink
Begin high quality CPR
Continue to monitor
Notify the HCP
92
The nurse identifies this rhythm and will take the following action?
Check lab results
Continue to monitor
Check the VS
Notify the HCP
93
A noninvasive diagnostic test for peripheral vascular disorders is:
Angiography
Venography
D-dimer
Doppler
94
During an assessment of a client with infectious endocarditis, the nurse would anticipate finding?
Rhonchi
Involuntary muscle movement
Substernal chest pain
New murmur