2024 Spring Understanding Contemporary Society Exam 2 Review

Food, clothing, shelter, education, and health care

Relatively low-paying, nonmanual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women.

Crime is a socially constructed process in which social control agencies designate certain people as deviants

Commodity production as being split into fragments assigned to whatever part of the world

Level of economic deprivation that exists when people do not have the means to secure the basic necessities of life.

A web of social relationships that links one person with other people and, through them, with other people they know.

Global poverty is a result of high-income countries exploiting low-income countries.

Process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that individual members privately believe is unwise.

Organization that includes police, courts, and correction

A group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a sense of identity.

Rule of the few

Women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty.

Type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work that people do.

Leaders who encourage group discussion and decision-making through consensus building.

Close system in which some people are owned or controlled by others for the purpose of economic or sexual exploitation.

system of social inequality in which people’s status is permanently determined at birth

People who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic (education level, age, race, or gender).

The capitalist class who own and control means of production

Global economic development and suggests that low-income economies can move up through sustained economic growth

A group composed of three members

group that strongly influences a person’s behavior and social attitudes

Nations that are dominant capitalist centers characterized by high levels of industrialization and urbani

 One becomes a criminal when they frequently associate with persons who are more favorable toward deviance

Measure that combines income, occupation, and education

Goal- or task-oriented leadership.

A collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but share little else in common

Type of poverty that exists when people can afford basic necessities but unable to maintain an average living standard

Punishment that deprives individual from his/her rights.

The respect or regard that a person or status position is given by others.

Hierarchical arrangement of large social groups based on their control of basic resources.

Maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture, or other group

Movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another

The social movement of individuals within their own lifetime

A group to which a person does not belong and toward which the person may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.

Poor, seldom employed, and caught in long-term deprivation resulting from lack/low education and income and high rates

The struggle between the capitalist class and the working class.

The ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others.

Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis where people having vastly different lifestyles

 Feeling of powerlessness and estrangement from other people and from oneself.

A theory where a person weighs the costs and benefits of criminal behavior before acting on it

A theory that states that the probability of crime increases when a person’s ties to society are weakened or broken

The initial act of rule-breaking.

People makes decision based on what is available to them

Behavior that violates law 

Measure of life expectancy, education, and living standards

Leaders who make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members.

Based on the what the federal government minimum amount of money required for living at a subsistence level.

Hierarchy in which all positions are rewarded based on people’s ability and credentials

Nations that are more developed than peripheral nations but less developed than core nations.

Prostitution, gambling, and drug addiction