A non-adaptive trait...

includes genetic drift, founder effects, and bottlenecks

Why are bats and birds convergent?

they developed wings/flying on their own

What principal is demonstrated in the following image:

competitive exclusion principle

What defines a species niche?

where it gets its food, where it finds water, where it can find mates, where it lives

Occurs when two species can't stably occupy the same niche

Gause's Law, Competitive exclusion principal

Factors that control the size of a population

Changes in climate, Resources available, Pathogens, Space available

A successful scientific experiment will result in:

confirmation or rejection of predictions

What is the difference between Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear DNA?

Mitochondrial DNA is from the mother and Nuclear is both

Which other science does biology connect with?

inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, geology, physics

Consider the following image:

genetic differentiation increases with increased time

Trait not present in ancestral species

Correlates with reproductive success, Is beneficial to survival

Why does there need to be genetic variations for evolution to occur?

because it's based on an abundance of mutations, because everyone would die otherwise, for change to occur something must be different in genes

Which of the following is an example of intersexual selection?

Coloration on male guppies to attract females

What is a somatic cell?

cell with all chromosomes, not involved in reproduction

Which of the following are considered a family of organism?

They are all part of the three families of organisms

Why is thalidomide so controversial?

it causes severe birth defects in fetuses

What is an example of allopatric selection?

north,south america "combined" prohibiting orca interaction

What is a bottleneck?

When an environmental change reduces the population size

What is falsifiability?

capacity for hypothesis or theory to be proven wrong

studbud

Biology Exam 1

78 termsStudBud Administration51 plays

Biology Exam 1

Flashcards78 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 78

Answers

1
Can r (the coefficient of relatedness between two organisms) ever be 0?
yes
no
what? I haven't read chapter 4
2
A non-adaptive trait...
includes genetic drift, founder effects, and bottlenecks
Disappears completely within a population
Increases reproductive success
Increases diversity within a population
3
Why are bats and birds convergent?
they developed wings/flying on their own
their last common ancestor had wings/fly
4
In humans, are there more genetic differences between races or within races?
between
within
5
Which is NOT a characteristic of life?
active consciousness
made of cell(s)
maintain homeostasis
ability to reproduce
6
The steady-state law is when the # of objects added to a system is different from the # removed
False
True
7
Superfecundity is the ability to produce more offspring than needed
False
True
idk
8
What happens to an organism that reaches thermodynamic equilibrium?
Their life lengthens
They die
Nothing
Their body temperature reaches 100 degrees celsius
9
What principal is demonstrated in the following image:
density-dependent rule
generalization of crowding
competitive exclusion principle
saturation hypothesis
10
What defines a species niche?
where it gets its food
where it finds water
where it can find mates
where it lives
11
Fossils produced naturally, only through biological processes, are which type?
Chemcial
Structural
Trace
None of the above
12
Occurs when two species can't stably occupy the same niche
The law of exclusion
Pauli exclusion principal
Gause's Law
Competitive exclusion principal
13
Factors that control the size of a population
Changes in climate
Resources available
Pathogens
Space available
14
Phenotypes are
Observable traits
genetic traits
15
Small groups of organisms of the same species are effectively acting as a single organism.
stochastic process
Group selection
Analogous trait
Homologous trait
16
What type of selection is when one extreme is favored and the distribution shifts towards it
Directional Selection
Stochastic Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Disruptive Selection
17
A single population splits into two reproductively isolated communities in the same region
Allopathy speciation
Sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation
Patriarch speciation
18
Mating a poodle and a golden retriever for a goldendoodle for people with allergies is known as
behavioral sympatric selection
natural selection
artificial selection
allopatric selection
19
What type of selection occurs when both extremes are rid of, narrowing the distribution
Directional Selection
Disruptive Selection
Stochastic Selection
Stabilizing Selection
20
A successful scientific experiment will result in:
en educated guess
confirmation or rejection of predictions
proving the hypothesis to be correct or incorrect
accepting many hypotheses
21
Selection where organisms that didn't have certain traits were removed and not allowed to breed
Artificial selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
22
What is the difference between Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear DNA?
There is no difference
Mitochondrial DNA is from the mother and Nuclear is both
Mitochondrial is from father and nuclear is from both
Nuclear DNA is from the mother and Mitochondrial is from dad
23
What we see but not why we see it
Law
Theory
24
Are Darwin's finches convergent or divergent?
convergent
divergent
25
Honeybees having only one reproductive queen is an example of:
Evolutionary dead ends
Competition
social cooperation
Social Darwinism
26
Which other science does biology connect with?
inorganic chemistry
organic chemistry
geology
physics
27
Consider the following image:
genetic differentiation increases with increased time
genetic differentiation decreases with increased time
genetic differentiation varies randomly with time
The amount of genetic differentiation is not impacted
28
Analogous trait
Trait present in ancestral species
Trait not present in ancestral species
29
An adaptive trait...
Correlates with reproductive success
Results in genetic drift, founder effect, and bottlenecks,
Is beneficial to survival
Usually disappears within a population
30
The loss of genetic variation due to a small population breaking off from the main population
Directional selection
Stochastic process
Founder effect
Bottleneck
31
This model suggests observations or predicts outcomes that have yet to be observed
Theory
Prospective research model
Scientific predictive model
Thesis
32
This type of breeding results in offspring that poorly adapt to either parental niche
Infertile organisms
Asexual breeding
Sexual breeding
Crossbreeding
33
Why does there need to be genetic variations for evolution to occur?
because it's based on an abundance of mutations
because everyone would die otherwise
for change to occur something must be different in genes
34
A process by which organisms can sense the density of other organisms in their environment
Quorum sensing
Non-adaptive trait
Sensing adaptation
Adaptive trait
35
Which of the following is an example of intersexual selection?
Identical coloration of male and female Saw-whet owls
Antlers on deer used for male-male combat
Fiddler crab claw used for male-male combat
Coloration on male guppies to attract females
36
What type of selection is this?
stabilizing
directional
disruptive
37
What is a somatic cell?
cell with all chromosomes, not involved in reproduction
the opposite of a germ cell
a healthy cell
cell on plant to help it collect CO2
38
Polymorphisms are genotypic differences
True
False
39
Which of the following are considered a family of organism?
Archaea
Eukaryotes
They are all part of the three families of organisms
Bacteria
40
Why is thalidomide so controversial?
Frances Kelley
it causes severe birth defects in fetuses
Canada
possibility of addiction
41
Speciation where the original population is physically divided into isolated subpopulations
Patriarch speciation
Allopathy speciation
Allopatric speciation
Sympatric speciation
42
Which is an example of psuedoscience?
biology
astronomy
geography
astrology
43
What type of selection is this?
directional
disruptive
stabilizing
44
A programmed cell death process
Apoptosis
Alleles
Quorum sensing
Green-beard trait
45
What is an example of allopatric selection?
Type A bird is not attracted to Type B bird mating song
only the strongest male can mate with the female (fighting)
horse and donkey create a mule which is sterile
north,south america "combined" prohibiting orca interaction
46
Which of the following is a Latin species name written correctly?
Falco Sparverius
f. sparverius
Falco sparverius
Falco sparverius
47
What is a bottleneck?
When an environmental change reduces the population size
Population sizes increase drastically
There's a bottle around an organisms neck
A population maintains its current size over a long period
48
What is falsifiability?
purposely giving false results of an experiment
accidentally giving wrong information to fellow researchers
capacity for hypothesis or theory to be proven wrong
believing a theory is false even with evidence supporting it
49
True or False: Life can arise from non-life.
True
False
50
Provides the explanation of why the law works
Theory
Law
51
Approximately, how old is the earth?
35 billion years
3.5 million years
3.5 billion weeks
3.5 billion years
52
What is a type of mutation
Recombination
Sequence duplication
Stochastic process
Deletion
53
What is the difference between discrete and continuous characteristics?
discrete- 1 or 2 alleles, continuous- large range possible
one isn't a normal distribution
punnett squares
they're both phenotypes
54
What is Occam's Razor?
rule that most simple theory is preferred
theory of evolution
a super famous guy and his powerful razor
rule that the most complex theory is preferred
55
What is a germ cell?
a mature cell in the human body
a cell having half the chromosomes of a somatic cell, gamete
a cell that helps plants reproduce
a germ (duh)
56
Occurs when allele frequency increases because of its linkage to another gene or allele
Allele frequency effect
Piggy-back effect
By-stander effect
Pleiotropic effect
57
What is panspermia?
theory of life arriving to earth from meteors etc from space
a higher power creating life
aliens brought life to earth in their spaceships
basically the movie The Martian, but on earth
58
What is an allele?
different phenotypes
a combination of genes
1 of 2+ mutations of a gene in the same spot on chromosomes
59
Homologous trait
Trait was present in ancestral species
Trait was not present in ancestral species
60
What is an example of a random evolutionary process?
global cooling
meteor crash causing extinctions
natural selection
creation of new alleles
61
Are humans more likely to display altruistic behaviors to a close relative or stranger?
relative
stranger
I have no idea what altruistic means
62
What is this?
morphological tree
phylogenetic tree
63
Why are selective boundaries (membranes) important to life?
so bodily functions can continue as normal
so we can have more control over our bodies
so only good things get in, and all bad stuff stays out
64
In a scientific context, the term 'theory' refers to:
an educated guess
best explanation for data or observation based on evidence
an absolute and unchangeable explanation
Known fact
65
What is this an example of?
Directional selection
Crossbreeding
Ring species
Reproductive isolation
66
The place or function of a given organism within its ecosystem
Ecological niche
No niche
Nomadic niche
Temporary niche
67
What type of selection occurs when both extremes are favored and leads to speciation
Stabilizing Selection
Directional Selection
Stochastic Selection
Disruptive Selection
68
Read the following scenario, what type of selection pattern best fits it?
Directed selection
Sexual selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
69
Organisms not closely related evolve similar traits because of adapting to similar environments
Analogous trait
Divergent evolution
Homologous trait
Convergent evolution
70
The definition of genetic drift is variation in the relative frequency in a small population
False
True
71
What are important functions of barriers that separate an organism from the rest of the world?
None of the above
Barriers are porous, which allows valuable materials to pass
Retain valuable molecules generated
allow waste products to leave
72
Stochastic process
Environmental change that impacts a population
A type of natural selection
A predetermined process with a understood reasoning
A random process with a cause (that may or may not be known)
73
An deleterious trait...
Rapidly disappears within a population
Benefits a population
Increases reproductive success
Increases diversity within a population
74
Organisms with two genomic "books"
Diploid
Paploid
Saploid
Haploid
75
What type of selection is this?
disruptive
stabilizing
directional
76
On what level of biological organization (from cells to ecosystems) does evolution work?
DNA sequences
Ecosystems
Populations
Individuals
77
What are metazoans more commonly known as?
reptiles
mammals
humans
animals
78
The most recent mass extinction event is thought to be primarily due to which of the following?
volcanic eruptions
anthropogenic (human) activity
asteroid impacts
anoxic water conditions

Biology Exam 1 Flashcards | StudBud

Biology Exam 1

78 termsStudBud Administration51 plays

Biology Exam 1

Flashcards78 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 78

Answers

1
Can r (the coefficient of relatedness between two organisms) ever be 0?
yes
no
what? I haven't read chapter 4
2
A non-adaptive trait...
includes genetic drift, founder effects, and bottlenecks
Disappears completely within a population
Increases reproductive success
Increases diversity within a population
3
Why are bats and birds convergent?
they developed wings/flying on their own
their last common ancestor had wings/fly
4
In humans, are there more genetic differences between races or within races?
between
within
5
Which is NOT a characteristic of life?
active consciousness
made of cell(s)
maintain homeostasis
ability to reproduce
6
The steady-state law is when the # of objects added to a system is different from the # removed
False
True
7
Superfecundity is the ability to produce more offspring than needed
False
True
idk
8
What happens to an organism that reaches thermodynamic equilibrium?
Their life lengthens
They die
Nothing
Their body temperature reaches 100 degrees celsius
9
What principal is demonstrated in the following image:
density-dependent rule
generalization of crowding
competitive exclusion principle
saturation hypothesis
10
What defines a species niche?
where it gets its food
where it finds water
where it can find mates
where it lives
11
Fossils produced naturally, only through biological processes, are which type?
Chemcial
Structural
Trace
None of the above
12
Occurs when two species can't stably occupy the same niche
The law of exclusion
Pauli exclusion principal
Gause's Law
Competitive exclusion principal
13
Factors that control the size of a population
Changes in climate
Resources available
Pathogens
Space available
14
Phenotypes are
Observable traits
genetic traits
15
Small groups of organisms of the same species are effectively acting as a single organism.
stochastic process
Group selection
Analogous trait
Homologous trait
16
What type of selection is when one extreme is favored and the distribution shifts towards it
Directional Selection
Stochastic Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Disruptive Selection
17
A single population splits into two reproductively isolated communities in the same region
Allopathy speciation
Sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation
Patriarch speciation
18
Mating a poodle and a golden retriever for a goldendoodle for people with allergies is known as
behavioral sympatric selection
natural selection
artificial selection
allopatric selection
19
What type of selection occurs when both extremes are rid of, narrowing the distribution
Directional Selection
Disruptive Selection
Stochastic Selection
Stabilizing Selection
20
A successful scientific experiment will result in:
en educated guess
confirmation or rejection of predictions
proving the hypothesis to be correct or incorrect
accepting many hypotheses
21
Selection where organisms that didn't have certain traits were removed and not allowed to breed
Artificial selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
22
What is the difference between Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear DNA?
There is no difference
Mitochondrial DNA is from the mother and Nuclear is both
Mitochondrial is from father and nuclear is from both
Nuclear DNA is from the mother and Mitochondrial is from dad
23
What we see but not why we see it
Law
Theory
24
Are Darwin's finches convergent or divergent?
convergent
divergent
25
Honeybees having only one reproductive queen is an example of:
Evolutionary dead ends
Competition
social cooperation
Social Darwinism
26
Which other science does biology connect with?
inorganic chemistry
organic chemistry
geology
physics
27
Consider the following image:
genetic differentiation increases with increased time
genetic differentiation decreases with increased time
genetic differentiation varies randomly with time
The amount of genetic differentiation is not impacted
28
Analogous trait
Trait present in ancestral species
Trait not present in ancestral species
29
An adaptive trait...
Correlates with reproductive success
Results in genetic drift, founder effect, and bottlenecks,
Is beneficial to survival
Usually disappears within a population
30
The loss of genetic variation due to a small population breaking off from the main population
Directional selection
Stochastic process
Founder effect
Bottleneck
31
This model suggests observations or predicts outcomes that have yet to be observed
Theory
Prospective research model
Scientific predictive model
Thesis
32
This type of breeding results in offspring that poorly adapt to either parental niche
Infertile organisms
Asexual breeding
Sexual breeding
Crossbreeding
33
Why does there need to be genetic variations for evolution to occur?
because it's based on an abundance of mutations
because everyone would die otherwise
for change to occur something must be different in genes
34
A process by which organisms can sense the density of other organisms in their environment
Quorum sensing
Non-adaptive trait
Sensing adaptation
Adaptive trait
35
Which of the following is an example of intersexual selection?
Identical coloration of male and female Saw-whet owls
Antlers on deer used for male-male combat
Fiddler crab claw used for male-male combat
Coloration on male guppies to attract females
36
What type of selection is this?
stabilizing
directional
disruptive
37
What is a somatic cell?
cell with all chromosomes, not involved in reproduction
the opposite of a germ cell
a healthy cell
cell on plant to help it collect CO2
38
Polymorphisms are genotypic differences
True
False
39
Which of the following are considered a family of organism?
Archaea
Eukaryotes
They are all part of the three families of organisms
Bacteria
40
Why is thalidomide so controversial?
Frances Kelley
it causes severe birth defects in fetuses
Canada
possibility of addiction
41
Speciation where the original population is physically divided into isolated subpopulations
Patriarch speciation
Allopathy speciation
Allopatric speciation
Sympatric speciation
42
Which is an example of psuedoscience?
biology
astronomy
geography
astrology
43
What type of selection is this?
directional
disruptive
stabilizing
44
A programmed cell death process
Apoptosis
Alleles
Quorum sensing
Green-beard trait
45
What is an example of allopatric selection?
Type A bird is not attracted to Type B bird mating song
only the strongest male can mate with the female (fighting)
horse and donkey create a mule which is sterile
north,south america "combined" prohibiting orca interaction
46
Which of the following is a Latin species name written correctly?
Falco Sparverius
f. sparverius
Falco sparverius
Falco sparverius
47
What is a bottleneck?
When an environmental change reduces the population size
Population sizes increase drastically
There's a bottle around an organisms neck
A population maintains its current size over a long period
48
What is falsifiability?
purposely giving false results of an experiment
accidentally giving wrong information to fellow researchers
capacity for hypothesis or theory to be proven wrong
believing a theory is false even with evidence supporting it
49
True or False: Life can arise from non-life.
True
False
50
Provides the explanation of why the law works
Theory
Law
51
Approximately, how old is the earth?
35 billion years
3.5 million years
3.5 billion weeks
3.5 billion years
52
What is a type of mutation
Recombination
Sequence duplication
Stochastic process
Deletion
53
What is the difference between discrete and continuous characteristics?
discrete- 1 or 2 alleles, continuous- large range possible
one isn't a normal distribution
punnett squares
they're both phenotypes
54
What is Occam's Razor?
rule that most simple theory is preferred
theory of evolution
a super famous guy and his powerful razor
rule that the most complex theory is preferred
55
What is a germ cell?
a mature cell in the human body
a cell having half the chromosomes of a somatic cell, gamete
a cell that helps plants reproduce
a germ (duh)
56
Occurs when allele frequency increases because of its linkage to another gene or allele
Allele frequency effect
Piggy-back effect
By-stander effect
Pleiotropic effect
57
What is panspermia?
theory of life arriving to earth from meteors etc from space
a higher power creating life
aliens brought life to earth in their spaceships
basically the movie The Martian, but on earth
58
What is an allele?
different phenotypes
a combination of genes
1 of 2+ mutations of a gene in the same spot on chromosomes
59
Homologous trait
Trait was present in ancestral species
Trait was not present in ancestral species
60
What is an example of a random evolutionary process?
global cooling
meteor crash causing extinctions
natural selection
creation of new alleles
61
Are humans more likely to display altruistic behaviors to a close relative or stranger?
relative
stranger
I have no idea what altruistic means
62
What is this?
morphological tree
phylogenetic tree
63
Why are selective boundaries (membranes) important to life?
so bodily functions can continue as normal
so we can have more control over our bodies
so only good things get in, and all bad stuff stays out
64
In a scientific context, the term 'theory' refers to:
an educated guess
best explanation for data or observation based on evidence
an absolute and unchangeable explanation
Known fact
65
What is this an example of?
Directional selection
Crossbreeding
Ring species
Reproductive isolation
66
The place or function of a given organism within its ecosystem
Ecological niche
No niche
Nomadic niche
Temporary niche
67
What type of selection occurs when both extremes are favored and leads to speciation
Stabilizing Selection
Directional Selection
Stochastic Selection
Disruptive Selection
68
Read the following scenario, what type of selection pattern best fits it?
Directed selection
Sexual selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
69
Organisms not closely related evolve similar traits because of adapting to similar environments
Analogous trait
Divergent evolution
Homologous trait
Convergent evolution
70
The definition of genetic drift is variation in the relative frequency in a small population
False
True
71
What are important functions of barriers that separate an organism from the rest of the world?
None of the above
Barriers are porous, which allows valuable materials to pass
Retain valuable molecules generated
allow waste products to leave
72
Stochastic process
Environmental change that impacts a population
A type of natural selection
A predetermined process with a understood reasoning
A random process with a cause (that may or may not be known)
73
An deleterious trait...
Rapidly disappears within a population
Benefits a population
Increases reproductive success
Increases diversity within a population
74
Organisms with two genomic "books"
Diploid
Paploid
Saploid
Haploid
75
What type of selection is this?
disruptive
stabilizing
directional
76
On what level of biological organization (from cells to ecosystems) does evolution work?
DNA sequences
Ecosystems
Populations
Individuals
77
What are metazoans more commonly known as?
reptiles
mammals
humans
animals
78
The most recent mass extinction event is thought to be primarily due to which of the following?
volcanic eruptions
anthropogenic (human) activity
asteroid impacts
anoxic water conditions