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Evolutionary Biology/Genetics Flashcards | StudBud
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Evolutionary Biology/Genetics
Evolutionary Biology/Genetics
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A review of evolutionary #biology and #genetics from a #biological anthropology perspective
Flashcards
66 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Who first used the labels
genus
&
species
?
Galileo Galilei
Georges-Louis Comte Leclerc de Buffon
John Ray
Erasmus Darwin
2
What is the ability of individuals to identify members of their own species to mate call?
Ecological species concept
Biological species concept
Polphyletic
Recognition species concept
3
Suggests that evolution occurs via long periods of stability or stasis punctuated by periods of rapid change?
Punctuated equilibria
Gradual evolution
Use-Disuse
Natural Selection
4
How many steps are included in Darwin's process for natural selection?
10
7
6
8
5
What is the process by which parts of organisms become stone-like structures?
Speciation
Sedimentation
Degradation
Mineralization
6
What is a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next called?
Endosymbiosis
Catastrophism
Evolution
Hypothesis
7
All traits of an organism must be a consequence of natural selection.
False
True
8
A key characteristics of vertebrates is paired sensory structures.
True
False
9
What are segment of genes that are initially transcribed & then deleted?
Loci
Introns
Exons
Hox
10
What are variations accounted for within every biological species?
Paleospecies
Intraspecific
Individual
Interspecific
11
What is the physical & biological position of an organism in the biological world called?
Biological species concept
Speciation
Ecological niche
Recognition species concept
12
What is the scientific name for Humans?
Pongo abelii
Homo luzanensis
Pan troglodytes
Homo sapiens
13
What is the way in which the function of an adaptation works?
Mechanism
Sexual Selection
Preadaptation
Exaptation
14
Where were the finches Darwin used to study natural selection from?
Falkland Islands
Soloman Islands
Canary Islands
Galapagos Islands
15
Separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in different organisms is what?
Homologies
Homoplasy
Monophyletic
Analogies
16
A group of organisms exploiting a single niche is called?
Speciation
Biological species concept
Ecological species concept
Ecological niche
17
What is an adaptive feature that serves a new function?
Fertility
Exaptation
Preadaptation
Genetic Drift
18
What is a long strand of DNA coiled into a dense, thick rod called?
Chromosome
Cell
Allele
Gene
19
Multiple genes can affect the same trait.
False
True
20
Which geological era includes the present?
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Jurassic
Paleozoic
21
Who first recognized regional differences & the dynamic relationship between the external environment & living forms?
Carolus Linnaeus
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Erasmus Darwin
Georges-Louis Comte Leclerc de Buffon
22
Which individual is considered the father of genetics?
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Carolus Linnaeus
John Ray
23
Genus is a higher classification than species.
False
True
24
How many copies of a gene are inherited from each parent?
1
2
4
3
25
How many chromosomes do humans have?
48
20
46
36
26
How does a mutation affect allele diversity?
Causes an Increase in diversity
Causes a Decrease in diversity
Maintain diversity
Has no change
27
Primates as an Order are specialized mammals compared to other groups.
False
True
28
What is the study of sequential layering of geological deposits?
Osteology
Stratigraphy
Paleontology
Genetics
29
Who's theory of evolution was based on use-disuse?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
John Ray
Erasmus Darwin
Thomas Malthus
30
Similarities based strictly on common function with no common evolutionary descent are called?
Clade
Analogies
Homologies
Speciation
31
What are characteristics that enhance the survival or reproduction of the organisms that bear it?
Mutation
Uniformitarianism
Adaptation
Phylogeny
32
What are sets of learned behaviors transmitted from 1 generation to the next by non-biological means?
Culture
Artifacts
Language
DNA Replication
33
Which type of natural selection favors the average variation?
Disruptive
Directional
Stabilizing
Sexual
34
What is the measure of an individual's genetic contribution to the next generation?
Fitness
Adaptation
Exon
Selective pressures
35
Which field of anthropology studies the origins of language?
Cultural
Linguistic
Archaeology
Physical
36
What are the indicators of the genetic makeup of a population?
Homoplasy
Phenotypes
Analogies
Allele Frequencies
37
Which force of evolution can create new variations of alleles?
Mutation
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Natural Selection
38
Which of the forces of evolution is not effected by random factors?
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Mutation
39
Which field is the scientific recovery, analysis & interpretation of artifacts from past cultures?
Archaeology
Arachnology
Primotology
Paleoanthropology
40
What gene group directs forelimb development?
Mns genes
Hox genes
Kidd genes
Duff genes
41
Who argued for a Deep Time perspective based on geological processes?
Charles Lyell
Thomas Malthus
Charles Darwin
Alfred Wallace
42
Variation in the number of offspring born as a result of competition for mates refers to what?
Gene flow
Sexual selection
Ecological niche
Analogies
43
What is the process by which new species evolve from earlier species call?
Monophyletic
Heritability
Speciation
Homoplasy
44
Who did not receive the Nobel Prize for their work on DNA structure?
Rosalind Franklin
James Watson
Maurice Wilkins
Francis Crick
45
Which Kingdom are humans a part of?
Animalia
Eubacteria
Fungi
Plantae
46
Forensic anthropology is a subdiscipline of which field of anthropology?
Cultural
Linguistic
Physical
Archaeology
47
What is a specific section of DNA that makes proteins called?
chromosome
cell
gene
nucleus
48
Mammals are
not
able to regulate their internal body temperature.
False
True
49
How does genetic drift affect allele diversity?
Causes a Decrease in diversity
Maintains diversity
Has no change
Causes an Increase in diversity
50
What taxonomic class includeds humans?
Fish
Reptiles
Amphibians
Mammals
51
Migration is an example of which force of evolution?
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Mutation
Gene Flow
52
What are alternate versions of the same gene called?
Phyla
Allele
Archaea
Loci
53
Who introduced Mutation Theory?
de Vries
Darwin
Lamarck
Eldredge
54
Who proposed that population size would be held in check by resource availability?
Charles Lyell
Thomas Malthus
Georges Cuvier
Copernicus
55
What is the term for evolutionary groups that all share one common ancestor?
Genotype
Cordata
Monophyletic
Polyphyletic
56
Which of these individuals introduced the concept of extinction?
Mary Anning
George Cuvier
Charles Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
57
What is it called when both chromosomes have the same allele variation?
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Mendelian
Mutation
58
Which geological era is characterized by major extinction events?
Tertiary
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
59
What is the fundamental unit of life in all organisms?
Cells
Bones
Niche
Organelle
60
What are the observable physical features of an organism called?
Phenotype
Speciation
Clade
Genotype
61
What are sex cells in humans called?
Proteins
Hormones
Somatic cells
Gametes
62
What does DNA stand for?
Directia Nationala Anticoruptie
De Nieuw Amsterdam
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Delayed Neutron Activation
63
What are similarities between organisms based on descent from a common ancestor?
Homologies
Clade
Homoplasy
Analogies
64
Who created the classification system for all biological life?
Carolus Linnaeus
Gregor Mendel
Charles Lyell
Charles Darwin
65
What is the structure of DNA called?
Double Helix
Trigonal Pyramid
Ladder
Linked Chain
66
What is the genetic make-up of an organism is called?
Clade
Speciation
Genotype
Phenotype
