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Environmental Science E o C Exam Review
Environmental Science E o C Exam Review
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Environmental Science New Mexico End of Course Exam Preparation Review Questions
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1
The most visually striking evidence of global warming is:
highly varying temperature fluctuations in winter
the increased precipitation along the Gulf coast states
rapid melting of glacial ice on nearly every continent
2
Rocks are formed when magma or lava ____.
weathers
erodes
crystallizes
undergoes radioactive decay
3
How does a 'sandy' soil feel like to touch?
Gritty
Sticky
4
Fog over a lake would be an example of which part of the water cycle?
condensation
evaporation
precipitation
run-off
5
The Hawaiian Islands are formed because of
converging plates
subduction
hot spots
diverging plates
6
The major reason(s) for the collapse of the great Mayan civilization
all of these answers are correct
other land-use issues
soil loss
deforestation
7
Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools
magma
none of these choices are a better than another choice
lava
magma underground, lava cooling above ground
8
Plot the difference in arrival times between_____to find earthquake distance from seismograph
S and L waves
P and L waves
P and S waves
9
Of the three types of volcanoes, which is the least explosive?
cinder volcanoes
shield volcanoes
composite volcanoes
all volcanoes are explosive
10
The ____ shows how one rock changes into another
volcanism
melting process
rock cycle
formation of crystals
11
Cinder cone volcanic eruptions are
gradual & pour lava over the edges, which collects in pools
explosive and throw lava high into the air
gradual and pour tephra over the edges
slow and occur over long periods of time
12
Textures are fragments that make uprocks
False
True
13
Climate represents
measure of variations in the amount of precipitation
long-term average weather and its statistical variation
weather averaged over a yea
14
Travels through rock, shakes ground in the direction they are moving, arrive first
L-Wave
P - waves (Primary)
Surface Wave
S - Wave (secondary(
15
What is a vent?
the opening in a volcano
he steep depression around a volcano's opening
the remains of an eroded volcano
a small fissure on the side of a volcano
16
Which does NOT is not an aspect of prodcuers
autotroph
consumer
prey
photosynthesis
17
Carbon is essential to life because
It is produced in both photosynthesis and respiration.
It’s the most common element.
It is the element which builds the organic molecules of life
There can’t be life without it.
18
The place where slippage first occurs is called the earthquake's...
magnitude
focus
intensity
epicenter
19
Plants get nitrogen from
Cellular Respiration
Absorbing it through roots in the ground
Basic photosynthesis
Breathing it in through their leaves from the atmosphere
20
Which of the following is not a part of the water cycle?
groundwater
precipitation
condensation
evaporation
21
El Niño
occurs every 3-5 years and last for 9-12 months
All of these answers are correct
bring heavy rains and destructive flooding to North America
occurs when trade winds slacken
22
Which three layers form the soil profile?
The topsoil, subsoil and parent material
ir. water and soil
Minerals, organic matter and living organisms
Clay, silt and sand
23
What is a soil horizon?
A factor influencing how soil is formed
A layer of soil
A technique used to map soils
An organism found within the soil
24
Rain, snow, hail, and sleet are all examples of which stage of the water cycle?
precipitation
transpiration
condensation
run-off
25
The effect(s) of global warming is (are)
shifting of climatic zones from the equator tow
all of these answers are correct
expansion of circulating cells on both sides of the equator
changes in Earth's biomes
26
Sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
compaction
cementation
weathering and erosion
heat and pressure
27
Islands like Iceland are often formed due to
all answers are correct
rifts in the Earth's surface
plate movement
cooling lava flows
28
shake the ground perpendicular, do not move through liquids
S-waves
P-waves
surface waves
L-waves
29
Sedimentary rocks are
a type of foliated igneous rock
loose materials become pressed or cemented together or
formed from magma
formed because of changes in temperature and pressure
30
In decomposition Bacteria and Fungi
produce the oxygen needed for photosynthesis
carry out photosynthesis
use oxygen to break down organic nitrogen to nitrates
Bacteria put oxygen back into the atmosphere
31
Dew or droplets of water on leaves on a dry summer day is likely a result of
run-off
precipitation
transpiration
condensation
32
Which is Not evidence of global warming
the amount of water vapor retained in atmosphere increased
Increasing number of floods, hurricanes over time
greenhouse gases cause heat retention in atmosphere
tomorrow's weather forecast
33
A rock is
always
a mix-minerals,organic matter,volcanic glass,other material
either igneous or sedimentary
formed by heat and pressure
made of molten material
34
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are important because
release excess nitrogen from the soil into the atmosphere.
they convert N2 into ammonium leading plant use nitrates
essential for plants being able to carry out photosynthesis.
break up dead plants and animals in the soi
35
Which term does NOT fit with a first level consumer?
herbvivore
heterotroph
prey
predator
36
The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ____.
form other rocks
provides materials to make other rocks
All of these answers are correct
be changed by forces at the earth's surface
37
Which does NOT make a direct contribution to the Carbon Cycle
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
combustion
denitrification
38
A decrease of in stratospheric ozone may lead to increase skin cancer rates because
increased gamma ray radiation is increased on earth's surf
infared light is increased on earth's surface
Skin Cancer death rates in New Mexico -2.7/1000 persons
a reduction of the shielding effect from UV light rays
39
An example of a carbon sink
combustion
carbon dioxide
fossil fuels
cellular respiration
40
Which is not a type of volcano
strato
fuego
cinder cone
shield
41
minimum number of seismograph stations in order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
1
4
3
2
42
The San Andreas Fault Zone has formed where the edge of the Pacific plate is slipping.
under the North American plate
over the North American plate
south along the North American plate
north along the North American pl
43
The oxygen for your body comes from
eating plants and animals
The ground
photosynthesis in plants
Cellular Respiration
44
The processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the followingEXCEPT
condensation
weathering
compaction
erosion
45
Which Science does NOT contribute to Environmental Science
All these science choices contibute
biology
chemistry
physics
46
A human cause of acid rain is_______
sewage run-off
cattle feedlots
sulfur dioxide (SO2 emissions from burning coal
overuse of water
47
A pyroclastic flow is
an opening in the side of a volcano
a type of lava flow
hot volcanic ash& debris - rushes down the side of a volcano
another form of precipitation
48
Sulfurous gases emitted by volcanoes
help plants grow
are contained totally within lava flows
can mix with water vapor and form acid rain
are good for the environment
49
Water flowing down mountainside into lake after precipitation is an example of
run-off
evaporation
transpiration
condensation
50
Why is organic matter (humus) an important part of soil?
It helps to improve water infiltration
It can break down organic pollutants
t converts nitrogen in the air into nitrates used by plants
It is rich in nutrients, which is important for fertility
51
Which is NOT evidence of global warming
the flooding, thunderstorms and hurricanes have increased over )
Empty choice
52
Approximately how many micro-organisms can be found in a teaspoonful of soil?
4 billion
50 million
1,000
500,000
53
Plants get the carbon to make their molecules from
The ground
The combination of oxygen and water
The waste of animals
The carbon dioxide in the air
54
Which of the following is true of a La Nina?
sea surface temperatures are decreased
upwelling decreases
a southern oscillation occurs in the atmosphere
tradewinds reverse direction
55
The Pacific Ring of Fire is an earthquake zone that forms a ring around...
the Pacific Ocean
North American plate
South America
North America
56
Sedimentary rocks form from rock and mineral fragments,metamorphicrocks form from existing rock
True
False
57
Which type of seismic wave travels the fastest?
surface wave
P wave
L wave
S wave
58
An average available energy decreases by a factor of _____
10
one tenth 0.1
100
20
59
A volcano is an opening in Earth that erupts
all answers are correct
gases
ash
lava
60
Ozone in the upper atmosphere protects from skin cancer causing______
sulfur dioxide
gamma rays
infared light
ultra-violet (UV) light
61
lichen on a rock in a barren ecosystem indicates
pioneer species during primary succession
primary succession
secondary succession
climax community
62
The force that can change the size and shape of rocks is called...
stress
friction
magnitude
elasticity
63
Which is
NOT
a possible result of increased atmospheric temperature ( global warming)
decrease in water vapor
desertification- increase in desert land mass
decrease in oxygen levels as photosynthetic biomass declines
changes in ocean salinity and pH
64
Studying a rock’s texture can help scientists determine whichtype of rock it is
True
False
65
Which is NOT a greenhouse gas?
carbon dioxide
methane
ozone
water vapor
66
Data from a pyramid of numbers is more useful than energy pyramid- organism count can vary
False
True
67
A comparison of the trapping of heat by CO
2
and CH
4
is that (carbon dioxide & methane)
CO2 traps 21 times more heat in the atmosphere than does CH4
CH4 traps 21 times more heat in the atmosphere than does CO2
the same amount of heat is trapped by both CO2 and CH4
68
The difference between basaltic and granitic magma is
amount of water vapor
amount of silica
the way it cools
69
Whichis a tectonic process that forces rocks up from beneath Earth’s surface?
melting
crystallization
uplift
deposition
70
What are batholiths?
hot magma flows that cool slowly before they reach surface
hot magma flows that cool quickly before they reach surface
magma bodies that cool quickly before they reach surface
magma bodies that cool slowly before they reach surface
71
genetic diversity as a result of crossing new genes to create new traits and/or new species
genetic diversity
genetic variation
genetic drift
genetics
72
Steam rising from a water puddle on a hot summer day is an example of
condensation
evaporation
run-off
transpiration
73
Which is NOT evidence of evolution?
homologous structures
birth defects caused by Zika virus
genetic drift
fossil record
74
The biggest contributorto overall ecological footprint is:
grazing land
forest land
carbon footprint
built-up land
75
Which of the following IS NOT directly included in a country’s ecologicalfootprint?
sports arenas
grazing and cropland
carbon
forests
76
Which of the following best describes aftershocks?
giant ocean waves that originate at a fault zone
a series of small tremors occurring after a major earthquake
along a fault where slippage and fracturing first occur
seismic waves that cannot travel through liquids
77
Excess nitrates in water cause problems for the Chesapeake Bay because
of excessive cellular respiration in plants and animals
of Algae blooms-> sunlight reduces O2 when the algae dies
excessive bacteria growth resulting in too much oxygen
Nitrates are poisonous to fish, crabs, and oysters
78
Type of seismic wave causes rock particles to move together and apart in the same direction
surface wave
L wave
P wave
S wave
79
The difference in magnitude by a richter scale 4 earthquake and a richter scale 7 is
one hundred times greater
one thousand times greater
one thousand times less
ten times less
80
Which type of scientist analyzes the composition of rocks?
pyschologist
geologist
biologist
physiologist
81
Loss of sea ice by melting in the Arctic Ocean
will result in sea-level rise
may result in positive feedback and amplifies global warming
will result in cooler temperature in the Arctic
82
Magnitude
is a measure of the amount of energy released during an
earthquake
True
False
83
Sedimentary rocks are
formed from magma
loose materials become pressed or cemented together or
formed because of changes in temperature and pressure
a type of foliated igneous rock
84
A volcanic neck is the remains of a(n)
active volcano
intrusive igneous rock
magma flow
eroded volcano
85
A decline in peppered moth population in industrial England was a result of ____
burning coal
genetics
natural selection and genetic drift
natural selection
86
High levels of silica causes magma to become
more fluid
thinner
thicker
less dense
87
A magnitude richter scale 7 generally causes mild damage e.g. store shelves toppling
True
False
88
______ shows how energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels
pyramid of numbers
pyramid of energy
pyramid of biomass
89
Which is evidence of a beaver's role as a keystone species?
reduction of tree overgrowth increases forest fire severity
major food source for top predators
drought resistant ponds and lakes
reduction of grassland in an ecosystem
90
What causes magma to rise to the surface?
Magma is less dense than rock.
A force pulls the magma upward.
The rock forces the magma upward.
Magma is more dense than rock.
91
Magma originates in which layer of Earth?
crust
core
mantle
innercore
92
Composite or Stratovolcanoes are found mostly where
Earth's plates join and one plate sinks beneath the other
Earth's plates pull apart
rifts in Earth's surface occur
hot spots in the mantle occur
93
Surface rockscan change throughout many processes through the rock cycle EXCEPT _____.
weathering
compaction
melting
deposition
94
A pyroclastic flow is__________.
a type of lava flow
an opening in the side of a volcano
hot volcanic ash, debris -rushes down the side of a volcano
another form of precipitation
95
High precipitation areas are where humid air mass __ and arid zones are found where dry air _
A)
rises; rises
descends; rises
descends; descends
rises; descends
96
Nitrogen is essential to life because
It is the most common element
It is needed for making carbohydrates and lipids
It is needed for building the proteins needed for cells.
Nitrogen builds all molecules need for life
97
Decreases in ozone layer protection may lead into an increase in cancer rates
False
True
98
Volcanoes often are found in areas on Earth where
plates collide
mountains are found
rivers are found
plates fit together perfectly
99
Deposition - tectonic process thatforces rocks onto Earth’s surface throughout the rock cycle.
True
False
100
Shield volcanoes are the result of
an earthquake occurs
ava solidifies on Earth's surface
magma solidifies underground
andesitic lava flows
101
Most earthquakes occur along or near the edges of the ...
Eurasian plate
North American plate
earth's oceans and lakes
earth's lithospheric plates
102
Carbon sequestration is
moving of carbon from underground storing in Earth's surface
removal of carbon from the ocean and store it in the land
103
What is the difference between a dike and a sill in how they are formed
Dikes across vertical cracks, sills across horizontal cracks
formed in same direction, but different in size
form in the same direction but they are created differently.
Dikes across vertical cracks, sills across horizontal cracks
104
After the great extinction around 70 million years ago conditions favored mammals because
warm blooded mammals adapt well to cooler conditions
both answers are correct
mammals smaller adapt well to decreased atmospheric oxygen
105
Biodiversity is best described as________
variety of species, genetic variation, variety of ecosystems
variety of different species
different species different ecosystems
genetic variation
106
Which of the following decreases carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
Decomposition by bacteria
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Burning fossil fuels
107
All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks toform EXCEPT ____.
exposure to air
pressure
the presence of hot ,watery fluids
heat
