Science: Earth and Space Chapter 2 Test (Grade 8)

Large almond or teardrop shaped pieces of ejecta formed when lava solidifies after being thrown high in the air

Hardened lava that forms rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly texture

An opening in the earth’s surface through which hot gases, ash, and molten rocks are ejected from the earth’s interior

A mass of underground volcanic rock that is similar to a laccolith but much larger is a batholith?

The underground lava tunnel is the actual source of a volcanic eruption

Which of the following is most likely to cause a volcanic eruption to be violent?

Consists primarily of erupted volcanic ash and rock fragments held loosely together

What is the idea that rocks on either side of a fault spring to a position of little or no stress after an earthquake?

What is the fracture zone between stationary and moving rocks called?

Formed partly by explosive eruptions of ash and rock fragments and partly by mild lava flows

The molten rock beneath the surface of the earth is called magma.

The strength of a volcanic eruption is measured using this scale

What is the bottom of the mantle is called?

The middle of the earth’s three main layers is the

About 80% of the world’s earthquakes occur in the

Smaller earthquakes that often follow a larger earthquake at frequent intervals are called aftershocks.

The point on the Earth’s surface directly above where an earthquake begins

What is the boundary line between the crust and the mantle called?

The type of mountain that forms when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth’s crust is a(n) ? mountain

The earth’s outer layer made of solid rock is the ?

The scale that is considered the most reliable method for measuring the energy released by an earthquake is the ? scale

What is a computer system that stores and processes geographic data from various sources?

The study of the earth is called

What is the channel in a volcano through which gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth’s interior?

The general name for a mass of underground volcanic rock is a caldera.

How do scientists determine the point where an earthquake begins?

Solid particles less than 2 mm in diameter

An instrument used to record the vibrations caused by an earthquake

The earthquake zone stretching from southern Europe to Indonesia is the

Eighty-five percent of all earthquakes are ? earthquakes

What type of fold occurs when rocks buckle up to form an arch-like structure?

What major type of fault occurs when rocks on one side of the fault are shoved over the rocks on the other side?

What is an underground channel that formed when surface lava hardened before the lava underneath it?

The scaled used to measure the damage an earthquake does is the ? scale

Volcano that is inactive but can erupt again

Large, irregularly shaped lump made of lava that hardened before being thrown out of the volcano

At what point deep in the earth does an earthquake begin?

Volcano that probably will not erupt again

Most of the earth’s surface is covered by deposits of sand and mineral fragments, usually laid down by water.

What is the most abundant element in the earth's crust?

Superheated cloud of gas and small particles that travels as an avalanche

The study of earthquakes is called

The inner core of the earth is though to be ?

The fastest type of earthquake waves are S waves

Solid ejecta larger that 2 mm but less that 64 mm in diameter

What is a bowl-shaped hollow formed by the collapse of an underground magma chamber

Theory that rapid movement of tectonic plates during the flood is responsible for most of earth’s features is called

The central portion of the earth is the ?

A particle or block of solid volcanic ejecta is a(n)

The plastic rock on which the tectonic plates float is called the lithosphere.

Lava in water solidifies almost instantly, forming rounded structures

Which of the following statements describes how domed mountains form?

Hardened lava with a surface that is either smooth or ropy

The type of mountain that appears to have formed by the edges of two tectonic plates pushing together is a(n) ? mountain

An earthquake caused by sudden movements of rock beneath the earth’s surface is a(n) ? earthquake

What is the area between the upper mantle and the lower mantle?

Earthquake waves can provide us with information about Earth’s ?