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Biology Exam Review - 2nd semester - 2024-2025 Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology Exam Review - 2nd semester - 2024-2025
Biology Exam Review - 2nd semester - 2024-2025
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Answers
1
During interphase, what happens?
the chromosomes line up
the cell grows
cytokinesis occurs
the spindle fibers form
2
Where are bonds broken to turn ATP into ADP?
between the first and second phosphorus
between the second and third phosphrous
between the adenine and the ribose
between the ribose and the three phosphates
3
Individuals who survive are the ones with the best adaptations and their survival is due to
having inherited adaptions that maximize fitness
having adaptations developed through use
lack competition within species
choices made by animal and plant breeders
4
When concentration is the equal on both sides of the cell membrane,
molecules move inside the cell
molecules stop moving back and forth
molecules move inside the cell
molecules keep moving in both directions
5
Tongue rolling is dominant and you can roll your tongue. Your brother cannot. Therefore
one parent is homozygous dominant and the other is heterozygous
both parents are homozygous recessive
both parents are heterozygous
both parents are homozygous dominant
6
Nucleic acids are different from carbohydrates because they contain
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
phosphorus
7
A nucleotide is composed of all of the following except
a 5 carbon sugar
a nitrogenous base
a phosphate group
a carbon group
8
Which statement about natural selection is true?
Offspring can inherit traits that develop during its life
Organisms which survive to reproduce pass on favorable genes
Organisms develop adaptations to their environment as needed
Natural selection works on individuals, not populations
9
The light-dependent reactions produce
ATP, CO2, and NADPH
CO2, oxygen, and glucose
oxygen, ATP, and NADPH
CO2, NADP+, and oxygen
10
Light
dependent
reactions occur in
in the outer membrane of the chloroplast
within the mitochondrial membrane
in the stroma of the chloroplast
within the thylakoid membranes
11
Carbohydrates are composed of
carbon, oxygen, and phosphorus
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbon, water, and hydrogen
carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
12
A substance with a pH < 7 are considered
acidic
basic
neutral
13
Natural selection is the survival and reproduction of organisms that are genetically best adapted to their environment.
True
False
14
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are reversible reactions where _______ flows in opposite directions.
oxygen
ATP
sunlight
energy
15
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is a(n)
molecule
element
inhibitor
catalyst
16
What important role do carbohydrates have in living things?
they control cell function
they transmit genetic material
they provide constant energy
they provide antibodies against disease
17
What important role do lipids have in living things?
they provide antibodies against disease
they store energy for future use
they transmit genetic material
they control chemical reactions
18
Why does diffusion occur?
molecules are attracted to each other
because molecules collide with each other and are constantly moving
cellular energy pushes molecules into one another
cellular energy pushes molecules across the cell membrane
19
What makes carbon more special than other elements?
It is the only atom that can be dissolved inw ater
It is the only atom that can bond with hydrogen and oxygen
It has 6 valence electrons and forms quadruple bonds
Has 4 valence electrons & bonds to each other an bond with many other atoms
20
The green pigment that traps energy from the sun is
betacarotene
chlorophyll
melanin
anthocyanins
21
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 and 6O2
6H2O and C6H12O6
6CO2 and 6H2O
6O2 and 6CO2
22
Cellular respiration occurs in all eukaryotic cells but photosynthesis occurs only in plant cells.
False
True
23
A substance with a pH of 8.83 is more basic than a substance with a pH of 8.26.
False
True
24
Can you explain adaptations a tortoise would need if they traveled to a different island?
no
yes
25
Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight in
the thylakoid
in the mitochondria
the citric acid cycle
in the electron transport chain
26
Anaphase and metaphase are different because
in anaphase the chromosomes split but in metaphase the chromosomes line up
in anaphase the cell splits but in metaphase the cell grows
in anaphase the chromosomes replicate, but in metaphase spindle fibers form
in anaphase the cytoplasm splits but in metaphase the chromosomes divide
27
If a cells haploid number is 8, its diploid number is
16
2
32
4
28
Most of the ATP in cellular respiration is produced in
glycolysis
the mitochondrial hydrolysis
the Krebs cycle
the electron transport chain
29
All of the following are true about the nucleus except
a nuclear envelope surrounds it and allows molecules to move in and out
there is a nucleolus where ribosome assembly occurs.
protein are assembled there
it stores instructions for making cell proteins
30
As a cell increases in size,
the surface area:volume ratio remains the same
the surface area increases faster than the volume
the volume increases faster than the surface area
the surface area stays the same but the volume increases
31
Cellular respiration produces the most ATP in which stage
glycolysis
electron transport chain
ATP synthase
Krebs cycle
32
Why are cells specialized?
So they can respond to stimuli
So they are less complex.
So they can reproduce
So they perform different functions
33
What is
E
volution?
change in a species over many generations & relies on natural selection
A theory, common descent/ ancestors, and all living things are related.
34
Autotrophs convert sunlight into energy through
cellular respiration
the Krebs cycle
aerobic respiration
photosynthesis
35
Meiosis is different than mitosis because meiosis forms
body cells
haploid cells
diploid daughter cells
diploid cells
36
Carbon likes to form _____________ bonds with other elements.
covalent
metallic
ionic
polar
37
Darwin's theory of evolution means
more offspring are produced that can possibly survive
acquired traits that are inherited and are the cause of evolution
organisms that are the fittest are always the largest and strongest
the number of offspring is not related to fitness
38
Cellular respiration occurs in the following order
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
fermentation, glycolysis, electron transport
glycolysis, electron transport, Krebs cycle
electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis
39
Gametes have one allele for each gene.
True
False
40
Natural selection results in
changes in inherited characteristics in a population over time
the struggle to exist endured by all living things.
unrelated species living in different environments
the natural variation in all populations
41
Carbon has 4 valence electrons. How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
4
2
6
8
42
Can you explain how the bodies of these tortoises are best suited to their environment?
no
yes
43
A substance with a pH > 7 are considered
neutral
acidic
basic
44
__________ and __________ cause inherited variation.
selection pressure and mutation
mutations and recombination
deletion of genes and mutations
selection pressure and deletion of genes
45
Can you explain differences and adaptations in these Galapagos tortoise?
yes
no
46
What is
e
volution?
change in a species over many generations & relies on natural selection
A theory, common descent/ ancestors, and all living things are related.
47
The human body is made of which common elements
protein, carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid
phosphorus, water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus
carbon, water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen
48
What are the products of cellular respiration?
6H2O and C6H12O6
6O2 and 6CO2
6CO2 and 6H2O
C6H12O6 and 6O2
49
Multicellular organisms have different levels of organization. Which represents organization from most to least complex?
organ system, organ, tissue, cell
cell, organ, tissue, organ system
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
tissue, organ system, cell, organ
50
Monohybrid cross
50% curly, 50% straight
25% curly, 75% straight
75% curly, 25% striaght
0% curly, 100% straight
51
Diffusion across a cell membrane is called
cellulous
osmosis
homeostasis
diffusion
52
All of the following are required for natural selection except
fitness varies among individuals
population size is very large
there is heritible variation among members of the population
more offspring are born that can survive
53
This element is in all living things.
carbon
hydrogen
hydrogen
nitrogen
54
Unicellular organisms
are specialized to perform different jobs
are larger than multicellular organisms
are unable to respond to stimuli
are able to perform all the necessary life functions
55
The _________ converts chemical energy from food into more usable compounds for cellular function
mitochondria
the Golgi apparatus
ribosomes
the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
56
Light-
independent
reactions occur
in the Calvin cycle
in the cell membrane
in the thylakoid membrane
in the stroma
57
A molecule of ATP is composed of
adenine, NADH, and NADPH
thylakoid, a phosphate group and FADH2
ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups
FADH2, adenine, and ribose
58
Only a small amount of ATP is kept by the cells because it regenerates as it's needed and it is also stored in molecules
True
False
59
What provides the energy for cellular respiration?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
food
60
All of the following elements are common in living things except
oxygen
carbon
selenium
hydrogen
