Pharmacology Chapter 7

Question 1

During an IVP 42g of iodine are injected. This is ________ more than the normal daily intake.

Accepted Answer

420,000 times

Question 2

If Mr. Lewis has heart failure as a result of IV ROCM, it is most therapeutic to administer:

Accepted Answer

furosemide and dobutamine

Question 3

ROCM are responsible for approximately what percentage of all acute renal failure events?

Accepted Answer

10%

Question 4

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of thyroid storm?

Accepted Answer

static electricity in the hair

Question 5

To achieve a high serum iodine concentration, the ROCM must be injected:

Accepted Answer

Intravenously at a rate equal to or greater than blood flow.

Question 6

The acidic environment created is thought to produce a medium for the production of:

Accepted Answer

toxic, free ionic radicals

Question 7

Anaphylaxis is rarely fatal even if not treated immediately.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 8

Acetylcysteine is available as:

Accepted Answer

Both 1 and 2 are correct

Question 9

Generally speaking, the IV ROCM contain ___________ weight than the normal bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

a higher osmolar

Question 10

An estimated one of every _______ patients receiving ROCM dies as a result of adverse effects.

Accepted Answer

20,000 - 40,000

Question 11

Osmotic fluid shifts can result in acute heart failure in patients who already have chronic:

Accepted Answer

congestive heart failure

Question 12

Up to _______ of patients who have had an anaphylactoid event from ROCM may have one again.

Accepted Answer

40%

Question 13

Fenoldopam has been shown to _______________ through dopamine-1 receptor stimulation.

Accepted Answer

preserve renal blood flow

Question 14

Diagnostic effects of intravascular radiopaque contrast media are a function of:

Accepted Answer

the iodine contained within them.

Question 15

The pharmacodynamic effects of radiopaque contrast media can be:

Accepted Answer

all of these are correct

Question 16

Anaphylactoid reactions mimic anaphylactic reactions but require no prior exposure to ROCM.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 17

The theory of toxic, free ionic radicals in the renal tubular urine led to the use of ________.

Accepted Answer

Sodium bicarbonate IV solution

Question 18

Serum iodine concentration must be within what range to reflect a vascular lumen on x-ray?

Accepted Answer

280-370 mg/ml

Question 19

The flushing Mr. Lewis is experiencing after being given his IV ROCM is most likely caused by:

Accepted Answer

the presence of more fluid inside than outside the vessels.

Question 20

Which of these is not a category of adverse effects from IV ROCM?

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal effects

Question 21

Thyroid storm generally occurs in patients who have:

Accepted Answer

decompensated thyrotoxicosis

Question 22

Osmotic fluid shifts caused by ROCM may be partially responsible for:

Accepted Answer

renal effects

Question 23

Fenoldopam is a relatively new agent for treating ________________.

Accepted Answer

hypertensive emergencies

Question 24

_____________ is an immediately life-threatening, systemic hypersensitivity reaction.

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis

Question 25

When osmotic shifts of fluid occur intravascularly, the heart has an increased:

Accepted Answer

burden or load to pump.

Question 26

Which of the following drugs are used in patients to prevent renal dysfunction after ROCM?

Accepted Answer

all are these are used

Question 27

Mr. Lewis receives an intravascular administration of ROCM. A response one might expect is:

Accepted Answer

all of these are expected.

Question 28

ROCM are the third most common cause of hospital acquired acute renal failure.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 29

Diabetic patients with serum creatinine levels > 4.5 mg/dl have been reported to experience:

Accepted Answer

100% incidence of Acute Renal Failure with ROCM adminstration

Question 30

Osmotic effects will cause fluid extraction from:

Accepted Answer

all of these are correct

Question 31

When the vagus nerve is stimulated by transient vascular hypertension, this can occur:

Accepted Answer

vasovagal reaction

Question 32

Which contributes to adverse events? A) iodine B) osmolality C) calcium-chelating.

Accepted Answer

A, B, and C

Question 33

Mast cells are located:

Accepted Answer

in skin, synovium, and mesentery.

Question 34

ROCM can bind to calcium ions in the cardiovascular system after injection. This is called:

Accepted Answer

Chelation

Question 35

What properties of Acetylcysteine are the reason it is being used to prevent renal dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Antioxidant

Question 36

What does the acronym PEA represent?

Accepted Answer

Pulseless Electrical Activity

Question 37

Some studies show that Fenoldopam helps in preventing renal dysfunction in pts. getting ROCM.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 38

Anaphylaxis requires formation of antigen-antibody complex during 1st time exposure to antigen.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 39

High osmolality ROCM can cause some anticoagulation (blood thinning) to occur.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 40

There is a possibility of _________ from oxygen radicals resulting from administration of ROCM.

Accepted Answer

direct toxicity

Question 41

Hydration is the most important measure to prevent renal dysfunction after ROCM administration.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 42

After ROCM administration, Mr. Lewis demonstrates dehydration. This is most likely a result of:

Accepted Answer

osmotic diuresis due to excretion of ROCM into the urine.

Question 43

A rare but possibly fatal adverse effect occurring after administration of iodine-rich ROCM is:

Accepted Answer

thyroid storm

Question 44

Calcium chelation may be a mechanism by which a minority of patients receiving ROCM experience:

Accepted Answer

all of these are correct

Question 45

After the administration of ROCM, a/an __________ is produced in the renal tubular urine.

Accepted Answer

acidic environment

Pharmacology Chapter 7

Questions 45

Pharmacology Chapter 7

Questions 45