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OCR PE A LEVEL SKILL ACQ/SPORTS PSYCH Flashcards | StudBud
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OCR PE A LEVEL SKILL ACQ/SPORTS PSYCH
OCR PE A LEVEL SKILL ACQ/SPORTS PSYCH
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1
Fixed practice can be described as.....
Having time out from the practice to recover
Isolating a sub-routine for specific practice
Gradually linking movements back together
Repeating the same movements in the same enviornment
2
2 practice scenarios that would build schemas and transfer between skills effectively.
Part and Whole
Fixed and Whole
Varied and Whole
Whole and Part
3
Identify the Fitts and Posner phase of motor learning shown in the image
Cognitive
associative
autonomous
cognitive and autonomous
4
Craik and Lockhart argued that...
There are multiple types of STM
Too many memory studies are in the lab
There are multiple types of LTM
Rehearsal is not the only process
5
The cognitive part of the triadic model means?
The amount of attitudes the brain can store
Behaviour based on attitude
Knowledge or belief about an attitude object
Feelings/emotions about an atittude object
6
What is the cognitive component of attitudes?
How you respond to the attitude object
What you know about the attitude object
How you feel about your knowledge of the attitude object
What you know about your attitude towards the object
7
choose the best answer that describes intrinsic feedback.
a pat on the back by a coach.
knowledge of the result
being told what was good by the coach
proprioception of performance .
8
The trait theory suggests that...
We have always had the same personality and always will do
Is short term
Our personality can change based upon the situation.
Our experiences shape our personality
9
How many classification skills are there?
4
6
8
2
10
IZOF theory states
Different arousal levels are needed for different sports
Different people perform better in different sports
Different people require different levels of arousal
11
What is a Type A personality?
Patient, intolerant and high levels of anxiety
Patient, tolerant and Low levels of stress
Impatient, intolerant and High levels of stress
Impatient, tolerant and low levels of stress
12
Knowledge of performance feedback is based on?
Feedback given by a coach
Quality/technique of a movement
Outcome of a movement
Feedback from within
13
Which skill is most likely to use the progressive part practice method?
football free kick
basketball drible
golf swing
gymnastics floor routine
14
An example of manual guidance would be:
The coach supporting an athlete in gymnastics.
Using a float in swimming.
Using a scrummaging machine in rugby.
Sprinting with a parachute behind you.
15
First stage of learning in the Fitts and Posner model.
Cognitive Stage
Autonomous stage
Associative stage
None of the above
16
This is a diagram of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory. 'C' refers to
Recognition
Phonological loop
Rehearsal loop
Central executive
17
Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?
Desire to win
Adoring fans
Medals
Praise from others
18
How many Laws did Thorndike have?
1
2
3
4
19
The Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model suggested that memory consisits of:
All of the above
A Long-Term Memory
A Sensory Memory
A Short-Term Memory
20
What is 'Cognitive' anxiety?
Anxiety experienced by the mind
A trait that is enduring in an individual
Anxiety experienced by the brain
Anxiety experienced physiologically or of the body
21
Massed Practice is...
When a skill is performed with large breaks inbetween
When a skill is performed repeatedly with little or no rest
22
The second phase in Fitts and Posner model is:
Associative
Autonomous
Cognitive
23
If a person experiences cognitive dissonance..
They won't understand it
They want to resolve the conflict
They may change
They feel discomfort
24
What is is when the presence of others does not produce social facilitation?
Evaluation Apprehension
Drive Theory
Social Inhibition
Homefield Advantage
25
Retroactive transfer is where?
A skill learnt in the past affects a skill yet to be learnt
Where one skill aids the learning of another skill
A skill being learnt affects a skill previously learnt
The transfer of learning from limb to limb
26
Pick a classification for this skill.
Distrete Skill
Continious Skill
Serial Skill
27
Mechanical guidance
Gives confidence to the learner learning a dangerous skill
Forms a mental picture of a skill
Is when the coach tells you what to do
Is used all the time at the autonomous stage
28
In anxiety the somatic level involves the
Tension, agitation, and restlessness
Rapid heart beat, increased perspiration
None of the above
Negative appraisal of self
29
Interactionist Theory of Personality =
(B = F(PxE)
B = F+Px(E)
P = B-(E+F)
B = FxPxE
30
The positive transfer of movement skills in a sport refers to
when the ball/field/apparatus can be used in multiple sports
when a skill from one sport is suited to another sport
when a skill from one sport is not suited to another sport
when money goes from one code to another via advertising
31
Which of the following describes intrinsic feedback?
Information received from the coach during an activity
Information about the execution of a performance from video
Post-response information concerning the outcome of an action
An awareness of the body’s position from sensors in the muscles and tendons
32
Catastrophe theory is more accurate than drive and inverted U theory as
performance takes time to recover after 'catastrophe'
the curve is more accurate
it accounts for individual differences
performance decline is more extreme reflecting real life
33
A good example of verbal guidance would be:
Using a static photo to highlight a tactical error.
Using a microphone to shout abuse at the referee.
A coach discussing tactical play with players.
None of the above.
34
Which of these best describes social inhibition?
The presence of others in a sporting situation
A decrease in performance due to the presence of a crowd
An increased chance of the dominant response occurring
An increase in performance due to the presence of a crowd
35
Social learning theory is
B=f(p)
b=t(126/3)9
b=f(e)
a+b=s
36
According to arousal theory, people seek ________ arousal.
Decreased
Minimized
Increased
Optimal
37
What is personality?
The sum of characteristics that make you unique
The sum of thoughts that make you unique
The sum of behaviors that make you unique
The sum of genetics that make you unique
38
'Working Memory' is also known as?
short term memory
sensory memory
long term memory
39
Not all skills perfectly fit one classification, the area between two classifications is a ....
Gradient
Continuum
Line
Scale
40
Which of these is a reason for using 'whole' practice methods?
Skill is dangerous
Skilll can be broken into sub-routines
Skill is easier to transfer to performance
Gives a truer feel for the whole skill
41
Pick a classification for this skill.
Continuous Skill
Distrete Skill
Serial Skill
42
Who are part practice methods most appropriate for?
Beginner athletes learning a new skill
Experienced athletes refining their kinaesthetic awareness
Beginner athletes applying a learned skill
Experienced athletes solving a tactical problemr?
43
which is a 'trait theory'?
aggressive cue hypothesis
social learning theory
instinct theory
frustration aggression hypothesis
44
What is a disadvantage when using whole practice for a beginner?
it is a quick way of teaching
elite performers will not get bored
beginner will get lost in the information and terminology
45
Which types of guidance can lead to information overload?
visual
verbal
manual
mechanical
46
Social facilitation is where?
The presence of an audience leads to decreased performance
Presence of other performers leads to decrease in performance
Perception of being judged/evaluated leads to decrease in performance
The presence of an audience leads to increased performance
47
Which of the following is a disadvantage of part practice?
It raises confidence through success
It limits awareness of the overall skill
It can be used at the cognitive stage of learning
It can't be used with closed skills
48
Knowledge of results proves an athlete with information about
The time taken to run the race
The quality of the arm action used during the race
The coach's thoughts after the race
The length of recovery time needed
49
What is the behavioural component of attitudes?
How they behave in response to an emotional conflict
How they feel towards an object
What they know about the object
How they respond to an object
50
A cognitive technique to manage anxiety is?
Listening to music
A massage
Deep breathing
Visualisation/imagery
51
Vicarious learning is...
learning through experimentation
learning through research
learning through observation
52
Pick the correct definition of the Hull's Drive Theory
A linear relationship between drive and motivation.
A linear relationship between performance and drive
A linear relationship between performance and arousal.
A linear relationship between arousal and drive.
53
What are the 4 elements of persuasive communication theory?
Persuader, Message, Situation, Recipients
Role Models, Message, Socialisation, Situation
Persuader, Recipient, Socialisation, Role Models
Persuader, Role Models, Situation, Current Attitude
54
Which best describes hostile aggression?
Verbal abuse
Intentional Physical & psychological harm
Lashing out unprovoked
Physical harm
55
Distributed practice is...
When a skill is performed repeatedly with little or no rest
Performing a skill through short drills with breaks
56
What is the zone of optimal functioning?
application of mechanical principles they relate to the body
state of enhanced and improved psychological states
exercise being a distraction from other stressors
when an athlete is at their preferred level of anxiety
57
what classification of skills would swimming be under
continuous
serial
discrete
open
58
Which of these is NOT a part of the Fitts and Posner model?
Associative Stage
Autonomous Stage
Cognitive Stage
Motor Stage
59
Which of the following is an example of knowledge of performance feedback?
A trampolinist told to tuck tighter in a somersault
Successfully returning a tennis serve
Seeing the time recorded for a 100m race
Scoring a goal in hockey
60
Atkinson and Shiffren's multi store memory model
LTM - STM - STSS
STM - STSS - LTM
STSS - STM - LTM
61
What is intrinsic motivation?
Motivation for activities in an inside setting
Motivation for activities in an outside setting
Motivation for external rewards such medals/money etc.
Motivation for internal rewards, sense of achievement etc.
62
Atkinson and ? Memory model
Shinrin
Shifffrins
Shriffrin
Shirking
63
what is Operant conditioning
use of reinforcement to link correct responses to stimulus
use of coaching to discipline naughty athletes
use of fun and games during sessions to keep morale up
use of sweets and presents to promote good athletes
64
Which of these strategies will NOT lead to a reduction in aggression within a performer?
Develop a code of conduct and promote fair play
Highlight positive role models and encourage assertion
Punish or fine the player
Adopt a 'win at all costs' ethic
65
Aggressive-cue hypothesis suggests?
Presence of aggressive cues e.g. a bat, increases chance of aggression
Aggression is an innate, survival instinct
Aggression is learnt by copying others who you observe being aggressive
If goals are blocked, aggression will occur
66
This is a diagram of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory. 'B' refers to
Central executive
short term memory
Long term memory
Sensory memory
67
Define the term 'Aggression'
Being angry at someone
Forced behaviour within the rules of the event
The intent to harm outside the rules of the game
Acting violently towards the oppostion
68
Define 'Personality'
Characteristics that form a persons character
Who a person spends time with
What a person is like
How good a person is at sport
69
Which of these is a theory of personality
Observational learning theory
Operant conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Thorndike's Theory
70
Name this arousal theory
Motivation
Catastrophe
Drive
Inverted U
71
Give the characteristics of drive theory
low arousal creates a high performance
high arousal creates a poor performance
high arousal is linked to high performance
low arousal creates a low performance.
72
Which of the following is
not
an example of intrinsic feedback?
A swimmer watching a replay of her tumble turn
A weightlifter knowing that he has pulled a muscle in his shoulder
A cricketer feeling the ball hit the outside edge of the bat
A gymnast sensing that her vault was off balance
73
What is the name of the 'type A and B' personality trait?
Type A and B theory
Eysenck's wide approach
Hollander's approach
Girdano's narrow band approach
74
Which of these are externally paced skills
A javelin athlete throwing
A long jumper when jumping
A batsmen playing a shot depending on the spin of the ball
Goalkeeper diving in response to where the ball is kicked
75
semantic memory
Memory of one's personal experiences
the power of retaining and recalling past experience
your memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts
loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma
76
An example of negative transfer is?
Wrist action in tennis and badminton
Catching in cricket and rugby
Run up in gymnastics vault and run up in high jump
Overarm action in javelin and tennis serve
77
The aim of Persuasive Communication is to
Change values
All of these
Change attitudes
Change behaviour
78
What is somatic anxiety?
Anxiety expressed physiologically or of the body
Feeling nervous when competing
Anxiety expressed psychologically or of the brain
Feeling nervous in a specific situation
79
What is observational learning
Attention --> retention --> motor production --> motivation (copying)
Motor production --> attention --> retention --> motor production
Attention --> retention --> motivation --> motor production
Look and copy what the other geezer does
80
An example of intrinsic motivation is?
Improving a time trial
Winning a medal
Getting your picture taken
81
What transfer occurs when there is
no relationship
between the skills?
Negative Transfer
Positive Transfer
Bilateral Transfer
Zero Transfer
82
What are transferable skills?
It's the transfer of skills from one job to another.
The skills that you need to transfer data.
Skills that you learn only in work.
The type of skills that you can apply in a number of roles.
83
What is the affective component of attitudes?
Feeling negatively towards something
Emotional response towards the attitude object
How you perceive the attitude object
Feeling positively towards something
84
The weakness of inverted U theory is
it wasn't designed for sport
it's too simplistic
It assumes everyone reacts in the same way
performance decreases are too gradual
85
The negative transfer of movement skills in a sport refers to
when a skill from one sport is suited to another sport
when the ball/field/apparatus can be used in multiple sports
when money goes from one code to another via advertising
when a skill from one sport is not suited to another sport
86
What is cognitive dissonance?
When cognitive function begins to break down
The distance between your thought and desires in the brain?
Inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, relating to a behavior change
87
Which of these was not a level of processing used by Craik and Tulving?
Structural
Semantic
Phonetic
Pictorial
