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Unit 5 Cognitive Psych Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 5 Cognitive Psych
Unit 5 Cognitive Psych
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1
What is linguistic determinism?
Sensitive period in childhood language development
Distinguishing between sounds
Theory that language influences thinking
Determining what language is being spoken
2
What is an example of proactive interference?
You drive to the new pizza place's location instead of the old
You drive to the old pizza place's location instead of the new
You remember a new phone number instead of the new one
You remember a new friend's name instead of an old one
3
The misinformation effect refers to the
the eerie sense that “I've been in this situation before.”
tendency to recall experiences that are consistent mood.
incorporation of misleading information into memory.
disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall.
4
Which best illustrates episodic memory?
Recalling times tables from 2nd grade
Telling someone how to tie a shoe
Answering correctly about a date for a Civil War battle
Remembering that a clown was at your 5th birthday
5
Decision making, problem solving, thinking, cognition, intelligence, comprehension.
Hippocampus
Parietal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Cerebellum
6
What is an example of retroactive interference?
You try to remember a new address but only remember the old
You try to remember a new friend but only remember an old one
You try to remember a new password but only remember the old
You try to remember an old password but only remember the new
7
What are the the stages of the memory processes?
encoding, storage, retrieval
encoding, saving, analyzing
retrieving, analyzing, sensing
analyzing, storing, retrieval
8
If you have retrograde amnesia you cannot remember...
Your present experiences
Your past experiences
Your implicit memories
Your explicit memories
9
Select the most relevant definition for emotional intelligence.
Feeling hungry or thirsty.
Understanding how to make people upset.
Knowing when to cry or laugh.
Understanding emotions and how they influence behaviours.
10
What is the magic number of memory?
7 +/- 2
5 +/- 2
4 +/- 2
3 +/- 5
11
Which one is NOT a type of Emotional Intelligence?
Emotional Perception and Expression
Emotional Reception
Emotional Understanding
Emotional Management
12
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
Words shape the way people think.
All languages share a similar grammar.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
13
What is short-term memory?
relatively permanent storage
recovering information from storage
converting memory to be retained
stores small amounts of information for short periods of time
14
Which of the following is the best example of framing
Thought you knew the answers yet got a 65% on the test
Locked your keys in the car but didn't think to call AAA
Diet Pills not shown to be effective yet still use
Lotion commercial says lotion is 75% all natural
15
Wolfgang Köhler considered a chimpanzee’s sudden solving of a problem evidence of
modeling
insight
instinct
a mental set
16
Semantic memory is
your memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts
loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma
Memory of one's personal experiences
the power of retaining and recalling past experience
17
Antegrade amnesia is:
Unable to recall own name
Loss of memory of events after injury
Loss of memory of events before injury
Loss of memory during injury
18
What are Morphemes?
The largest component of speech that carries meaning
The smallest component of speech that carries meaning
A component of Speech
No clue
19
Which of the following was the first scale to measure intelligence?
The IQ test (William Stern)
Wechsler Adults Intelligence scale
The Binet-Simon scale (Alfred Binet, 1905)
Fluid intelligence scale
20
Which of the following is an aptitude test.
final exam
S.A.T.
Test
Quiz
21
g factor general intelligence?
Charles Spearman
Howard Garder
Lewis Terman
Robert Sternberg
22
The spacing effect
A time paradox where space effects how time precedes
studying over time to yield better long term retention.
Effects that happen when in Space
memory that takes place when something familiar comes up.
23
Which of these are NOT a type of intelligence?
Crystallized intelligence
Fluid intelligence
Ability intelligence
General intelligence
24
Rebuilding your memory of the past is called ?
short term memory
Reconstructive memory
memory traces
Schema Theory
25
Crystalized intelligence ____with age while fluid intelligence ___ .
stays the same, increases
increases, begins to decrease after age 30
decreases, increases
stays the same, increases steadily with age
26
What is an echoic memory?
A memory brought up by a feeling
A visual sensory memory
An auditory memory
A repressed memory
27
Chunking increases memory efficiency by
associating each item with a well-established mental image
visualizing
decreasing the number of items that must be remembered
mental imagery
28
What is a good representation of functional fixidness
a planet can rotate only clockwise
a burrito is good for throwing at you ex-boyfriends car
a rocket is used to go to the moon
a astronauts helmet can not be used as a fish bowl
29
How many types of intelligence does Gardner propose?
Five
Two
Eight
Three
30
The effect that misleading details can effect a persons memory
Misinformation effect
Encoding Failure
Source Amnesia
Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon
31
The Flynn effect is most likely due to improvements in _________________
education and nutrition
test taking strategies
electronic media
reaction time
32
How do casinos take advantage of the availability heuristic?
Emphasizing wins with flashing lights and downplaying losses
Making it easy to win initially and drawing gamblers in
Always having a lot of cash on hand in case of a big bet
Having Slot Machines readily available
33
A flashbulb memory is
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
the retention of encoded information over time
the processing of information into the memory system
Memory of one's personal experiences
34
The function of sensory memory is to...
Hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
Hold information for a lifetime
Put information into long-term memory
Hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
35
Society's general increase in intelligence due to technology is known as _______.
Savant syndrome
Theories of Intelligence
Flynn effect
Down syndrome
36
Availability heuristic theory argues that...
Fear is influenced by how readily we access crime images
More hours spent watching TV = view that crime is high
Fear is influenced by believe of risk and impact
A person's diet can effect how they view crime
37
Alfred Binet believed that intelligence was...
if you could answer all the questions on the test
cognitive abilities
age-related and focused on mental functions
how well you did in maths
38
How many phonemes does TOE have?
4
8
2
6
39
What is fluid intelligence?
Knowledge of fluid objects
Your ability to solve abstract problems
Your ever changing knowledge
Your use of accumulated knowledge
40
Emotional Intelligence
The extent to the strength of your emotions
Being artificially, naturally, ingeniously intelligent
The ability to control your own emotions
The ability to recognize their own and other peoples emotion
41
What is a heuristic?
Mental shortcuts/rules that allow people to make judgements
Something used to identify something based on association with a category
Uncontrollable systematic error in thinking that affect our decision making
A memory store
42
What is state-dependent memory?
Memories that are the opposite of the mood you're in
Tendency to recall experiences that go with your mood
Memories that make you feel a certain way
Only being able to encode certain memories in a certain mood
43
Crystalized intelligence involves...
Problem solving
Facts
Reason
Adaptability
44
What are phonemes?
enduring memory associated with a personal signicant
is a system of rules that specify how words can be arranged in a sentence
Memory that stores audio information
The smallest speech unit in a language that can be distinguished
45
Long Term Memory is
absolute permanent with "limited capacity"
relatively permanent with "unlimited capacity"
absolute permanent with "unlimited capacity"
relatiely permanent with "limited capacity"
46
What is retroactive interference?
interference where new information blocks old information
interference where old information blocks new information
When someone forgets events after their accident
When someone forgets events before their accident
47
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
48
How do we make an experiment more reliable?
Do it once
Repeat it but change one thing each time
Repeat it once but change more than one thing
repeat the experiment and change nothing!
49
What is damaged with Broca's asphasia?
understanding of speech
personality
speech production
hearing
50
Who was the founder of multiple intelligence?
Sternberg
Binet
Freud
Gardner
51
What is declarative memory?
conscious recollection of particular facts and events (type of LTM)
identification of a thing or person from previous encounters or knowledge
symptom of memory disorders which made-up stories fill any gaps in memory
type of forgetting that occurs when memories fade over time
52
Scotty worked to find the solution to a long-division problem. In solving the problem
convergent thinking
framing
confirmation bias
divergent thinking
53
All of the following are ways to improve your memory
EXCEPT
:
repetition
repression
chunking
mnemonic device
54
Representativeness Heuristic
problem solving method
previous belief
can create or sustain stereotypes
something available
55
How many phonemes does GIRL have?
4
3
2
5
56
A(n) ________ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem.
heuristic
phoneme
trial and error
algorithm
57
An example of semantic memory would be... (semantics, semantics)
Katy remembers what she had for lunch.
Tim can shoot a basketball with his motor skills.
Michael remembers the names of cities, colors, foods.
Mrs. Miller recalls details of her 1st kiss!
58
What part of brain does not store memory?
hypothalamus
hippocampus
corpus callosum
amygdala
59
A test has a high degree of validity if it
measures or predicts what its supposed to measure or predict
produces a normal distribution of scores
assesses aptitude & achievement accurately
yields consistent results every time it is used
60
This picture is an example of a ______________, a memory aid.
acoustic memory
mnemonic
primacy effect
iconic memory
61
Proactive interference occurs when?
Current learning interferes with past learning
Past learning is forgotten
Past learning interferes with current learning
Memories are inaccessible
62
Characteristics of savant syndrome MOST directly suggest that intelligence is
largely unpredictable & unmeasurable
diverse set of distinct abilities
accurately measured by general intelligence : G factor
culturally constructed concept
63
Which is an example of an implicit memory
Recalling the name of your JH math teacher
Remembering how to tie your shoelace
Describing the taste of a birthday cake
Recognizing a celebrity
64
To ensure the results are realiable the experiment should be:
Done exactly as the instructions say
Done once
Done without controlled variables
Repeated
65
A procedural memory is...
A memory of how to do a specific task
A memory very vivid almost life-like memory
A memory of an specific life event
A memory of for colors and numbers
