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AP Psych Exam Review #2 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Exam Review #2
AP Psych Exam Review #2
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1
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
2
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
3
which brain structure is involved in heart rate and respiration
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebellum
amygdala
4
Shelly stood outside in the rain with Alfred just so he wouldn't be alone waiting for his mom to pick him up. This is
altruism
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance
5
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
groupthink
group polarization
social facilitation
6
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
7
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
counterbalancing
8
damage to the parietal region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
sight
balance
hearing
9
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
10
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data shows causation or
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
statistical significance
11
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
12
negative punishments __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
13
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
IQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
14
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
15
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
16
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
object permanence
universal ethical principles
17
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
rooting
Moro
stepping
18
___________ provide a biological basis for empathy.
modeling
mirror neurons
set point theory
latent learning
19
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
difference threshold
20
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
21
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
22
Someone who can't understand the meaning of spoken words has experienced damage to
hippocampus
somatosensory cortex
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
23
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
24
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
25
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
26
Which of the following motivation concepts encourage the least positive behaviors to persist over time?
internal locus of control
incentive theory
intrinsic motivation
self-efficacy
27
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
superordinate goals
28
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cornea
cones
rods
29
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
30
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
split-half reliability
31
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
32
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
the law of effect
latent learning
33
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
34
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
35
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
36
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
37
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
38
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
39
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
40
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
41
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
42
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
daily activities
43
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
attachment
assimilation
parenting style
44
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
biological
psychoanalytic
trait
45
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
just world bias
46
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
convergence
continuity
closure
47
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
48
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
cognitive
49
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
50
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
51
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
52
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
53
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
54
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
55
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anxiety
schizophrenic
personality
dissociative
56
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
projective
standardized
personality
57
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
hindsight bias
overconfidence
self-serving bias
58
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
59
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
archetypes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
60
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
61
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences depersonalization
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
62
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
63
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
partial
primary
secondary
64
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
activation-synthesis
tolerance
dissociation
65
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
psychoanalyst
trait
social-cognitive
66
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
67
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
REBT
token economies
client-centered therapy
68
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
69
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
pons
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
70
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
71
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
trait
psychoanalytic
72
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by attending tutorials probably has this locus of control
fundamental
situational
external
internal
73
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
74
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
75
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
76
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
77
Choosing 20 people indiscriminately from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
random assignment
selection to conditions
representative assignment
78
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
EEG
PET
79
Antipsychotic medication would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
80
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
81
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
82
Why are psychoanalysts interested in latent meaning of dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
83
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
84
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
recall
episodic memory
85
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
86
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
clap their hands
say a sentence
cut with a knife
87
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
88
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
89
"people who watch violent movies are more likely to behave violently" this statement reflects
counterconditioning
latent learning
observational learning
insight learning
90
If Pavlov's dogs did not salivate when they heard a buzzer instead of a bell, they would be experiencing
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
91
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
92
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
93
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
94
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
95
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
iris
retina
96
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
97
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
98
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
eat a meal
99
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
cognitive
100
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation