Content Vocab Review

a person who travels to a shrine or other holy place

an absolute ruler

ultimate reality, the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul

a religious doctrine introduced northern India in the sixth century B.C. by Siddhārtha Gautama

a mixed African-Arabic culture that developed along the east coast of Africa

government by the people

an administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures

a character that combines two or more pictographs to represent an idea

 a man who served a lord in a military capacity

system of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese 

a high government official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries

a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

a complex system of writing that used both pictures and more abstract forms;

a massive stepped tower on which was built a temple

a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare

the rebirth of an individual's soul in a different form after death

a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed as the true rulers of Islam

the bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church

a peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents

a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam

a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples 

a pilgrimage to Makkah

a medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason

military expedition carried out by European Christiansto regain the Holy Land from the Muslims

a special class of African storytellers who help keep alive a people's history

in thirteenth-century England, the representative government that emerged

government by a sovereign ruler such as a king or queen

the separation between the two great branches of Christianity

 route between the Roman Empire and China

the crier who calls the Muslim faithful to prayer from mosque

n the Roman social structure, the dominant male head of the household

an upper class whose wealth is based on land

a business association associated with a particular trade or craft

in the early Greek military system, heavily armed foot soldiers

a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage

church leaders

a system of writing developed by the Sumerians;wedge-shaped impressions on a clay tablet

dominated by men

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 a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill

a Muslim house of worship is a mosque

set of rigid categories in ancient India that determined person's occupation/economic potential

the "Great Charter" of rights, which King John was forced to sign by the English nobles

government by divine authority

"struggle in the way of God"

the tower of a mosque from which calls to the faithful to prayer five times a day

the earliest known Indian literature

a means of determining guilt in Germanic law, based on the idea of divine intervention

the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility

the first writing system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 B.C.

one of the three classes into which French society was divided before the revolution

a successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims

Arabic for "God"

he journey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah in 622

Christian rites

a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from decaying

a wall of shields created by foot soldiers marching close together in a rectangular formation

monotheistic religion that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula during the seventh century A.D.

political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages

the head of a convent

the governor of a province of the Persian Empire under Darius

in Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma

an unbeliever, a term applied to the Muslims during the Crusades

person who domesticates animals for food and clothing and moves along regular migratory routes

the force generated by a person's actions

the holy scriptures of the religion of Islam

a system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi;

 a form of government in which a small group of people exercises controls

a government by three people with equal power

a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family

philosophy human beings are evil by nature;can only be brought to the correct path by harsh law

an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of stars

an agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants

a seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia that blows warm, moist air 

the practice of living the life of a monk

a form of drama that portrays a protagonist who is brought to ruin

a grant of land made to a vassal

 law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death

 a member of the heavily armored cavalry

an extended family unit that has combined into a larger community

a sacred shrine where a god or goddess was said to reveal the future through a priest

the major Indian religious system

the early Greek city-state

tracing lineage through the father

the denial of basic church doctrines

claim by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven

an organized system of thought

in ancient Sparta, captive peoples who were forced to work for their conquerors

having many gods

having one god

 man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to dedicate himself to God

tracing lineage through the mother rather than the father

a picture symbol, or character, that represents an object;

a system of government in which the people participate directly in government

a person who is believed to have the power to foretell events

great landowners, they formed the ruling class in the Roman Republic

the ruler of an Arabic tribe, chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders

a ruler who seized power by force from the aristocrats

the most common of the various titles for ancient Egyptian monarchs

in the Roman Republic, a social class made up of minor landholders, craftspeople, merchants