Week 2

160 termsStudBud Administration5 plays

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Questions 160

Answers

1
Which barnacle is found in southern New England?
Semibalanus
Lepas
Chthamalus
Balanus
2
What happens to the epitoke after breeding?
It hibernates
It migrates
It transforms
It dies
3
True or false: Behavioral ecology includes studying physical environment
False
True
4
True or false: Zostera marina was hit by wasting disease in 1930
True
False
5
Which is a keystone species?
Coral
Seagrass
Groupers
Kelp
6
How can interactions with other species be handled?
Quickly
Vaguely
Carefully
Randomly
7
What is a circadian pattern?
Daily cycle
Time allocation
Behavior list
Seasonal pattern
8
Zostera marina populations were decimated in?
1930 Europe/Asia
1987 America
1950 Australia
2000 Africa
9
Where do adult Chthamalus barnacles dominate?
Upper intertidal zone
Lower intertidal zone
Open ocean
Deep sea
10
Which barnacle dominates upper intertidal zone?
Semibalanus
Chthamalus
Mussels
Kelp
11
Which model involves first organisms changing environment?
Facilitation
Inhibition
Tolerance
Succession
12
What do mixotrophs absorb?
Airborne nutrients
Only from soil
Light energy only
Nutrients from seawater
13
Which species colonizes first on bare substrate?
Pioneering species
Climax species
Herbivores
Carnivores
14
Which feature distinguishes male Callinectes sapidus?
Red claws
Upside down T abdomen
Rounded abdomen
Blue eyes
15
What is the first step in studying behavior?
Record
Describe
Observe
Analyze
16
What does the Simpson's index formula emphasize?
Dominant species
Species growth
Habitat size
Species count
17
What is a spring tide?
Constant tide
Lowest tide difference
Highest tide difference
No tide change
18
What limits currents in seagrass beds?
Densely packed grasses
Coral formations
Strong winds
High tides
19
What is an ethogram?
Time budget
Seasonal pattern
Catalogue of behaviors
Directional chart
20
What is the length of Neanthes succinea?
15 cm
22 cm
25 cm
19 cm
21
What do seagrass beds limit?
Light penetration
Water temperature
Currents to near 0
Nutrient levels
22
What is a directional chart?
Time allocation
Seasonal pattern
Behavior list
Directional data
23
Where is Semibalanus a superior competitor?
Caribbean
Northern NE
Southern NE
Pacific coast
24
What limits grazing in many zones?
Salinity
Herbivory
Wave energy
Temperature
25
What does measuring community ecology examine?
Water temperature
Only species
Species and abundance
Only abundance
26
What is vertical zonation related to?
Temperature
Wind speed
Tide height
Salinity
27
Which shore has more rocky areas in the Pacific?
Gulf of Mexico
Southern California
Atlantic coast
Most of Pacific
28
What is a response of algae to grazing?
Less photosynthesis
Smaller size
More flowers
Tough tissues
29
What is facilitation model NOT common in?
Deserts
Ocean
Grasslands
Forests
30
What do detritivores eat?
Coral reefs
Living plants
Fish and algae
Decaying organic matter
31
What is the importance of POV in behavior description?
Time allocation
Behavior list
Perspective
Seasonal pattern
32
What does male crab do before female molts?
Eats female
Finds female
Leaves female
Ignores female
33
What is a foundation species?
Invasive species
Endangered species
Predator species
Base of community
34
Which factor reduces zonation in NE coves?
Moss
Kelp
Barnacles
Sea urchins
35
What pathogen caused wasting disease?
Labyrinthula
Fungus
Virus
Bacteria
36
What is the first stage in ecological succession?
Climax community
Pioneering species
Sere stage
Facilitation
37
What is a common predator in coastal zones?
Sea star
Kelp
Sea urchin
Barnacle
38
What is a state behavior?
Continues over time
Brief
Rare
Random
39
What is the role of anaerobic bacteria?
Produce oxygen
Decompose compounds
Absorb nutrients
Create sediments
40
Where do larvae settle in southern NE barnacles?
Only upper zone
Only lower zone
Overlapping areas
Open ocean
41
What do Mercenaria mercenaria filter?
Algae
Diatoms
Plankton
Sediment
42
What type of feeder is Neanthes succinea?
Plankton feeder
Sediment feeder
Herbivore
Filter feeder
43
Zostera marina is home to?
Hundreds invertebrates
No animals
Only fish
Only birds
44
How does Zostera marina help its environment?
Destroys habitats
Traps sediments
Pollutes water
Consumes fish
45
Which term means local extinction?
Extirpation
Succession
Facilitation
Tolerance
46
Which factor affects seagrass photosynthesis?
Wave energy
Salinity
Temperature
Epibionts
47
What happens to zonation with more sea urchins?
More algae
Zonation reduces
No change
Zonation increases
48
What is continuous sampling?
Rare
Random
Specific intervals
Constant observation
49
What is the effect of excess nutrients?
Promotes growth
Decreases biodiversity
Limits growth
No effect
50
What is the difference between live observation and cameras?
Behavior list
Time allocation
Seasonal pattern
Observation methods
51
What sets upper or lower limits in many zones?
Temperature
Sunlight
Waves
Grazing
52
Which surface is paler in Neanthes succinea?
Anterior
Lateral
Dorsal
Ventral
53
What creates anaerobic conditions?
Light penetration
High temperatures
Strong currents
Trapped sediments
54
What is a time budget?
Directional chart
Seasonal pattern
Behavior list
Time allocation
55
Which substrate is typical of exposed sandy shores?
Mud
Sand
Rock
Gravel
56
Which species is more efficient in competitive exclusion?
Neither species
Less efficient species
More efficient species
Both equal
57
Which zone commonly shows tolerance model?
Intertidal zones
Open ocean
Deep ocean
Coral reefs
58
What is discrete sampling?
Specific intervals
Continuous
Random
Rare
59
What is the difference between adult and juvenile behavior?
Environmental differences
Species differences
Gender differences
Age differences
60
Which animal exports production from seagrasses?
Plankton
Predators
Herbivores
Seagulls
61
Which area has more evolutionary time?
Pacific coast
Seagrass beds
Atlantic coast
Open ocean
62
What reduces zonation in coastal areas?
Increased sea urchins
Higher wave energy
More kelp growth
Increased sea stars
63
What is the color of Mercenaria mercenaria's shell?
Red to yellow
Green to blue
Black to white
Brown to grey
64
How many eyes does Neanthes succinea have?
5
4
2
3
65
True or false: Neanthes succinea is nocturnal.
True
False
66
What limits sea star distribution?
High salinity
Too many predators
Cannot live out water
Low oxygen
67
What is the significance of the lunar cycle?
Growth rate
Migration pattern
Breeding timing
Feeding behavior
68
What is the final stage of succession called?
Sere
Climax community
Extirpation
Pioneer stage
69
Which zone is dominated by barnacles?
Upper intertidal
Open ocean
Lower intertidal
Seagrass beds
70
What is a characteristic of seagrass?
Traps sediments
Only grows in cold
Requires high light
Grows in deserts
71
What should be included in an Organismal Study Sheet?
Seasonal pattern
Common name
Behavior list
Time allocation
72
Which organism thrives in protected tide areas?
Barnacles
Sea urchins
Mussels
Sea stars
73
What is the most productive habitat?
Seagrass beds
Rocky shores
Coral reefs
Open ocean
74
True or false: Competitive exclusion causes species coexistence
True
False
75
Which algae secretes acid to dissolve urchin teeth?
Chthamalus
Moss
Kelp
Demarestia
76
Primary producers use what to make energy?
Hunting
Decomposition
Migration
Photosynthesis
77
What type of hermaphrodites are Mercenaria mercenaria?
Protandrous
Sequential
Simultaneous
Protogynous
78
What type of flowers does Zostera marina have?
No flowers
Monoecious
Male only
Female only
79
Where do Semibalanus typically settle?
Upper intertidal zone
Open ocean
Seagrass beds
Lower intertidal zone
80
What stage returns to bay to mature?
Eggs
Megalop larvae
Juvenile crab
Adult crab
81
Which factor does NOT affect rocky shore zonation?
Pollution
Predation
Recruitment
Grazing
82
Which algae secretes acid to dissolve urchin teeth?
Chthamalus
Kelp
Demarestia
Semibalanus
83
What color are Callinectes sapidus claws?
Red
Yellow
Green
Bright blue
84
What is the breeding season for Neanthes succinea?
April to August
All year round
March to October
January to February
85
What color is the interior of Mercenaria mercenaria's shell?
Green
Yellow
Purple
White
86
Which is NOT a trophic level?
Carnivores
Decomposers
Herbivores
Omnivores
87
What is a characteristic of rocky shores?
Stable environment
High biodiversity
Less biodiversity
Low wave energy
88
What is the average thermotolerance for Mercenaria mercenaria?
20-45 degrees C
5-30 degrees C
10-35 degrees C
15-40 degrees C
89
What does extirpation mean?
Population growth
Global extinction
Local extinction
Migration
90
What dominates the zonation after barnacles?
Mussels
Kelp
Moss
Sea urchins
91
What season is best for seagrass reproduction?
Summer
Spring
Winter
Autumn
92
Which factor involves animals eating plants?
Recruitment
Grazing
Predation
Competition
93
Which barnacle lives in the lower intertidal zone?
Chthamalus
Mussels
Semibalanus
Kelp
94
What influences plant metabolism?
Temperature
Light color
Water quality
Soil type
95
Seagrasses absorb nutrients through which parts?
Only cuticle
Only roots
Roots and seawater
Only leaves
96
What do epibionts usually do more than seagrass?
Disease
Predation
Grazing
Photosynthesis
97
Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting seagrass?
Disease
Epibionts
Herbivory
Temperature
98
What is a factor in seagrass recruitment?
Salinity
Temperature
Wind strength
Wave height
99
What does a food chain represent?
Linear interactions
Random interactions
Only predator-prey
Complex relationships
100
What is the role of feces in nutrition?
Habitat creation
Food source
Nutrient recycling
Waste disposal
101
What is the lifespan of Neanthes succinea?
1-2 years
2-3 years
4-5 years
3-4 years
102
Which area has less biodiversity?
Open ocean
Seagrass beds
Pacific rocky shore
Atlantic rocky shore
103
What is the most important factor for seagrass growth?
Temperature
Light
Nutrient levels
Turbidity
104
True or false: Sea stars live well out of water
False
True
105
What does the inhibition model do?
Blocks newcomers
Helps newcomers
Changes climate
Removes species
106
What is a feature of sandy shores?
Rocky substrate
Flat surface
Steep slope
Low wave energy
107
What do algae do in response to grazing?
Die off
Grow faster
Change color
Secrete acid
108
Where is the intertidal zone located?
Between tides
Mountain tops
Deep ocean
Desert areas
109
What is a food web?
Linear food chain
Only predator-prey
Collection of interactions
Single species interactions
110
What does a healthy community often show?
No species
Few dominant species
Random species
Equal species
111
What is the main habitat for Neanthes succinea?
Brackish
Terrestrial
Freshwater
Marine
112
How long do eggs develop into trochophore?
36 hours
24 hours
48 hours
12 hours
113
Which species prevents coral larvae from settling?
Algae
Coral
Fish
Shrimp
114
Which index uses the formula H = -∑ pi(ln pi)?
Simpson's index
Species richness
Pi index
Shannon index
115
What does Pi represent in biodiversity?
Biological value
Population growth
Habitat size
Species count
116
Which factor affects larvae recruitment in Oregon & Washington?
Stronger currents
Slower Ekman transport
More predators
Higher waves
117
Which species eats big shrimp better?
No species
One species
Small shrimp eater
Both species
118
What should be avoided in behavior descriptions?
Recording
Anthropomorphism
Sampling
Observation
119
What type of substrate do exposed sandy shores have?
Coral
Sand
Rocky
Mud
120
True or false: Sea stars thrive in high wave energy areas.
True
False
121
What is the typical zonation order on NE shores?
Barnacles, mussels, moss, kelp
Moss, kelp, barnacles, mussels
Mussels, barnacles, kelp, moss
Kelp, moss, barnacles, mussels
122
What changes during ecological succession?
No change
Community structure
Soil type only
Climate only
123
True or false: Simpson's index favors diverse communities
False
True
124
What do deposit feeders filter?
Sand and rocks
Organic matter
Water only
Nutrients from air
125
What is the difference between male and female behavior?
Environmental differences
Gender differences
Age differences
Species differences
126
Seagrasses have reduced cuticle because?
Better photosynthesis
No dessication risk
More protection
Stronger leaves
127
Why is Atlantic rocky shore less biodiverse?
Ice age scouring
More predators
Warmer waters
More algae
128
What happens in resource partitioning?
Resources disappear
Species migrate away
One species dominates
Species share resources
129
What is a common herbivore in coastal zones?
Barnacles
Snails
Sea stars
Kelp
130
Which index measures species proportionality?
Pi index
Species richness
Shannon index
Simpson's index
131
What is the standing crop of seagrass?
2kg/m^2
1kg/m^2
4kg/m^2
3kg/m^2
132
What happens as turbidity increases?
Growth is affected
Light increases
Seagrass thrives
Temperature drops
133
When do Callinectes sapidus mate?
January to April
November to December
All year
May to October
134
How many eggs can female crabs release?
100,000
500,000
750,000-2 million
5 million
135
What affects the zonation of coastal species?
Temperature
Wave energy
Pollution
Salinity
136
What causes slower Ekman transport in Oregon & Washington?
More predators
Higher tides
Stronger waves
Weaker winds
137
Tolerance model means species are:
Always harmful
Neither harm nor help
Competing fiercely
Always helpful
138
What is species richness?
Number of species
Species size
Species health
Species weight
139
What is the width of Neanthes succinea?
2 cm
4 cm
1 cm
3 cm
140
How many teeth on each side of Callinectes sapidus carapace?
5
9
11
7
141
Which barnacle survives upper intertidal in northern NE?
Balanus
Chthamalus
Lepas
Semibalanus
142
Which shore type is more biodiverse in the Pacific?
Coral reef
Mudflat
Rocky shore
Sandy shore
143
What is an event behavior?
Rare
Brief
Continues over time
Random
144
Which trophic level includes herbivores?
Third
Second
First
Fourth
145
What is a niche in ecology?
Species' unique role
Migration pattern
Population size
Physical habitat
146
Where do female crabs release eggs?
In river
On land
In bay
In sea
147
True or false: Seagrass can grow in total darkness.
False
True
148
What is a seasonal pattern?
Time allocation
Seasonal changes
Behavior list
Daily cycle
149
What is the maximum length of Neanthes succinea?
25 cm
30 cm
15 cm
19 cm
150
What is a biotic factor in seagrass?
Temperature
Salinity
Wave energy
Epiphytes
151
What does recruitment mean in ecology?
Predator attacks
Plant growth
Water flow
New individuals
152
What is the main competition example given?
Barnacle distribution
Fish migration
Bird nesting
Algae growth
153
What is a feature of exposed sandy shores?
More algae
Lower wave energy
Less slope
Higher wave energy
154
Which barnacle can withstand dry conditions?
Semibalanus
Mussels
Kelp
Chthamalus
155
What is the main cause of vertical zonation?
Temperature
Sunlight
Tide height
Wind
156
What color is the body of Neanthes succinea?
Yellow-green
Red
Blue
Brown
157
What is behavioral ecology?
Study of cells
Study of plants
Study of rocks
Study of behaviors
158
Where is Zostera marina commonly found?
Deep ocean
Deserts
Tropical zones
Temperate zones
159
How should behaviors be described?
Quickly
Randomly
Carefully
Vaguely
160
What restricts flower development?
Nutrient levels
Water depth
Temperature range
Light intensity

Week 2 Flashcards | StudBud

Week 2

160 termsStudBud Administration5 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards160 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 160

Answers

1
Which barnacle is found in southern New England?
Semibalanus
Lepas
Chthamalus
Balanus
2
What happens to the epitoke after breeding?
It hibernates
It migrates
It transforms
It dies
3
True or false: Behavioral ecology includes studying physical environment
False
True
4
True or false: Zostera marina was hit by wasting disease in 1930
True
False
5
Which is a keystone species?
Coral
Seagrass
Groupers
Kelp
6
How can interactions with other species be handled?
Quickly
Vaguely
Carefully
Randomly
7
What is a circadian pattern?
Daily cycle
Time allocation
Behavior list
Seasonal pattern
8
Zostera marina populations were decimated in?
1930 Europe/Asia
1987 America
1950 Australia
2000 Africa
9
Where do adult Chthamalus barnacles dominate?
Upper intertidal zone
Lower intertidal zone
Open ocean
Deep sea
10
Which barnacle dominates upper intertidal zone?
Semibalanus
Chthamalus
Mussels
Kelp
11
Which model involves first organisms changing environment?
Facilitation
Inhibition
Tolerance
Succession
12
What do mixotrophs absorb?
Airborne nutrients
Only from soil
Light energy only
Nutrients from seawater
13
Which species colonizes first on bare substrate?
Pioneering species
Climax species
Herbivores
Carnivores
14
Which feature distinguishes male Callinectes sapidus?
Red claws
Upside down T abdomen
Rounded abdomen
Blue eyes
15
What is the first step in studying behavior?
Record
Describe
Observe
Analyze
16
What does the Simpson's index formula emphasize?
Dominant species
Species growth
Habitat size
Species count
17
What is a spring tide?
Constant tide
Lowest tide difference
Highest tide difference
No tide change
18
What limits currents in seagrass beds?
Densely packed grasses
Coral formations
Strong winds
High tides
19
What is an ethogram?
Time budget
Seasonal pattern
Catalogue of behaviors
Directional chart
20
What is the length of Neanthes succinea?
15 cm
22 cm
25 cm
19 cm
21
What do seagrass beds limit?
Light penetration
Water temperature
Currents to near 0
Nutrient levels
22
What is a directional chart?
Time allocation
Seasonal pattern
Behavior list
Directional data
23
Where is Semibalanus a superior competitor?
Caribbean
Northern NE
Southern NE
Pacific coast
24
What limits grazing in many zones?
Salinity
Herbivory
Wave energy
Temperature
25
What does measuring community ecology examine?
Water temperature
Only species
Species and abundance
Only abundance
26
What is vertical zonation related to?
Temperature
Wind speed
Tide height
Salinity
27
Which shore has more rocky areas in the Pacific?
Gulf of Mexico
Southern California
Atlantic coast
Most of Pacific
28
What is a response of algae to grazing?
Less photosynthesis
Smaller size
More flowers
Tough tissues
29
What is facilitation model NOT common in?
Deserts
Ocean
Grasslands
Forests
30
What do detritivores eat?
Coral reefs
Living plants
Fish and algae
Decaying organic matter
31
What is the importance of POV in behavior description?
Time allocation
Behavior list
Perspective
Seasonal pattern
32
What does male crab do before female molts?
Eats female
Finds female
Leaves female
Ignores female
33
What is a foundation species?
Invasive species
Endangered species
Predator species
Base of community
34
Which factor reduces zonation in NE coves?
Moss
Kelp
Barnacles
Sea urchins
35
What pathogen caused wasting disease?
Labyrinthula
Fungus
Virus
Bacteria
36
What is the first stage in ecological succession?
Climax community
Pioneering species
Sere stage
Facilitation
37
What is a common predator in coastal zones?
Sea star
Kelp
Sea urchin
Barnacle
38
What is a state behavior?
Continues over time
Brief
Rare
Random
39
What is the role of anaerobic bacteria?
Produce oxygen
Decompose compounds
Absorb nutrients
Create sediments
40
Where do larvae settle in southern NE barnacles?
Only upper zone
Only lower zone
Overlapping areas
Open ocean
41
What do Mercenaria mercenaria filter?
Algae
Diatoms
Plankton
Sediment
42
What type of feeder is Neanthes succinea?
Plankton feeder
Sediment feeder
Herbivore
Filter feeder
43
Zostera marina is home to?
Hundreds invertebrates
No animals
Only fish
Only birds
44
How does Zostera marina help its environment?
Destroys habitats
Traps sediments
Pollutes water
Consumes fish
45
Which term means local extinction?
Extirpation
Succession
Facilitation
Tolerance
46
Which factor affects seagrass photosynthesis?
Wave energy
Salinity
Temperature
Epibionts
47
What happens to zonation with more sea urchins?
More algae
Zonation reduces
No change
Zonation increases
48
What is continuous sampling?
Rare
Random
Specific intervals
Constant observation
49
What is the effect of excess nutrients?
Promotes growth
Decreases biodiversity
Limits growth
No effect
50
What is the difference between live observation and cameras?
Behavior list
Time allocation
Seasonal pattern
Observation methods
51
What sets upper or lower limits in many zones?
Temperature
Sunlight
Waves
Grazing
52
Which surface is paler in Neanthes succinea?
Anterior
Lateral
Dorsal
Ventral
53
What creates anaerobic conditions?
Light penetration
High temperatures
Strong currents
Trapped sediments
54
What is a time budget?
Directional chart
Seasonal pattern
Behavior list
Time allocation
55
Which substrate is typical of exposed sandy shores?
Mud
Sand
Rock
Gravel
56
Which species is more efficient in competitive exclusion?
Neither species
Less efficient species
More efficient species
Both equal
57
Which zone commonly shows tolerance model?
Intertidal zones
Open ocean
Deep ocean
Coral reefs
58
What is discrete sampling?
Specific intervals
Continuous
Random
Rare
59
What is the difference between adult and juvenile behavior?
Environmental differences
Species differences
Gender differences
Age differences
60
Which animal exports production from seagrasses?
Plankton
Predators
Herbivores
Seagulls
61
Which area has more evolutionary time?
Pacific coast
Seagrass beds
Atlantic coast
Open ocean
62
What reduces zonation in coastal areas?
Increased sea urchins
Higher wave energy
More kelp growth
Increased sea stars
63
What is the color of Mercenaria mercenaria's shell?
Red to yellow
Green to blue
Black to white
Brown to grey
64
How many eyes does Neanthes succinea have?
5
4
2
3
65
True or false: Neanthes succinea is nocturnal.
True
False
66
What limits sea star distribution?
High salinity
Too many predators
Cannot live out water
Low oxygen
67
What is the significance of the lunar cycle?
Growth rate
Migration pattern
Breeding timing
Feeding behavior
68
What is the final stage of succession called?
Sere
Climax community
Extirpation
Pioneer stage
69
Which zone is dominated by barnacles?
Upper intertidal
Open ocean
Lower intertidal
Seagrass beds
70
What is a characteristic of seagrass?
Traps sediments
Only grows in cold
Requires high light
Grows in deserts
71
What should be included in an Organismal Study Sheet?
Seasonal pattern
Common name
Behavior list
Time allocation
72
Which organism thrives in protected tide areas?
Barnacles
Sea urchins
Mussels
Sea stars
73
What is the most productive habitat?
Seagrass beds
Rocky shores
Coral reefs
Open ocean
74
True or false: Competitive exclusion causes species coexistence
True
False
75
Which algae secretes acid to dissolve urchin teeth?
Chthamalus
Moss
Kelp
Demarestia
76
Primary producers use what to make energy?
Hunting
Decomposition
Migration
Photosynthesis
77
What type of hermaphrodites are Mercenaria mercenaria?
Protandrous
Sequential
Simultaneous
Protogynous
78
What type of flowers does Zostera marina have?
No flowers
Monoecious
Male only
Female only
79
Where do Semibalanus typically settle?
Upper intertidal zone
Open ocean
Seagrass beds
Lower intertidal zone
80
What stage returns to bay to mature?
Eggs
Megalop larvae
Juvenile crab
Adult crab
81
Which factor does NOT affect rocky shore zonation?
Pollution
Predation
Recruitment
Grazing
82
Which algae secretes acid to dissolve urchin teeth?
Chthamalus
Kelp
Demarestia
Semibalanus
83
What color are Callinectes sapidus claws?
Red
Yellow
Green
Bright blue
84
What is the breeding season for Neanthes succinea?
April to August
All year round
March to October
January to February
85
What color is the interior of Mercenaria mercenaria's shell?
Green
Yellow
Purple
White
86
Which is NOT a trophic level?
Carnivores
Decomposers
Herbivores
Omnivores
87
What is a characteristic of rocky shores?
Stable environment
High biodiversity
Less biodiversity
Low wave energy
88
What is the average thermotolerance for Mercenaria mercenaria?
20-45 degrees C
5-30 degrees C
10-35 degrees C
15-40 degrees C
89
What does extirpation mean?
Population growth
Global extinction
Local extinction
Migration
90
What dominates the zonation after barnacles?
Mussels
Kelp
Moss
Sea urchins
91
What season is best for seagrass reproduction?
Summer
Spring
Winter
Autumn
92
Which factor involves animals eating plants?
Recruitment
Grazing
Predation
Competition
93
Which barnacle lives in the lower intertidal zone?
Chthamalus
Mussels
Semibalanus
Kelp
94
What influences plant metabolism?
Temperature
Light color
Water quality
Soil type
95
Seagrasses absorb nutrients through which parts?
Only cuticle
Only roots
Roots and seawater
Only leaves
96
What do epibionts usually do more than seagrass?
Disease
Predation
Grazing
Photosynthesis
97
Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting seagrass?
Disease
Epibionts
Herbivory
Temperature
98
What is a factor in seagrass recruitment?
Salinity
Temperature
Wind strength
Wave height
99
What does a food chain represent?
Linear interactions
Random interactions
Only predator-prey
Complex relationships
100
What is the role of feces in nutrition?
Habitat creation
Food source
Nutrient recycling
Waste disposal
101
What is the lifespan of Neanthes succinea?
1-2 years
2-3 years
4-5 years
3-4 years
102
Which area has less biodiversity?
Open ocean
Seagrass beds
Pacific rocky shore
Atlantic rocky shore
103
What is the most important factor for seagrass growth?
Temperature
Light
Nutrient levels
Turbidity
104
True or false: Sea stars live well out of water
False
True
105
What does the inhibition model do?
Blocks newcomers
Helps newcomers
Changes climate
Removes species
106
What is a feature of sandy shores?
Rocky substrate
Flat surface
Steep slope
Low wave energy
107
What do algae do in response to grazing?
Die off
Grow faster
Change color
Secrete acid
108
Where is the intertidal zone located?
Between tides
Mountain tops
Deep ocean
Desert areas
109
What is a food web?
Linear food chain
Only predator-prey
Collection of interactions
Single species interactions
110
What does a healthy community often show?
No species
Few dominant species
Random species
Equal species
111
What is the main habitat for Neanthes succinea?
Brackish
Terrestrial
Freshwater
Marine
112
How long do eggs develop into trochophore?
36 hours
24 hours
48 hours
12 hours
113
Which species prevents coral larvae from settling?
Algae
Coral
Fish
Shrimp
114
Which index uses the formula H = -∑ pi(ln pi)?
Simpson's index
Species richness
Pi index
Shannon index
115
What does Pi represent in biodiversity?
Biological value
Population growth
Habitat size
Species count
116
Which factor affects larvae recruitment in Oregon & Washington?
Stronger currents
Slower Ekman transport
More predators
Higher waves
117
Which species eats big shrimp better?
No species
One species
Small shrimp eater
Both species
118
What should be avoided in behavior descriptions?
Recording
Anthropomorphism
Sampling
Observation
119
What type of substrate do exposed sandy shores have?
Coral
Sand
Rocky
Mud
120
True or false: Sea stars thrive in high wave energy areas.
True
False
121
What is the typical zonation order on NE shores?
Barnacles, mussels, moss, kelp
Moss, kelp, barnacles, mussels
Mussels, barnacles, kelp, moss
Kelp, moss, barnacles, mussels
122
What changes during ecological succession?
No change
Community structure
Soil type only
Climate only
123
True or false: Simpson's index favors diverse communities
False
True
124
What do deposit feeders filter?
Sand and rocks
Organic matter
Water only
Nutrients from air
125
What is the difference between male and female behavior?
Environmental differences
Gender differences
Age differences
Species differences
126
Seagrasses have reduced cuticle because?
Better photosynthesis
No dessication risk
More protection
Stronger leaves
127
Why is Atlantic rocky shore less biodiverse?
Ice age scouring
More predators
Warmer waters
More algae
128
What happens in resource partitioning?
Resources disappear
Species migrate away
One species dominates
Species share resources
129
What is a common herbivore in coastal zones?
Barnacles
Snails
Sea stars
Kelp
130
Which index measures species proportionality?
Pi index
Species richness
Shannon index
Simpson's index
131
What is the standing crop of seagrass?
2kg/m^2
1kg/m^2
4kg/m^2
3kg/m^2
132
What happens as turbidity increases?
Growth is affected
Light increases
Seagrass thrives
Temperature drops
133
When do Callinectes sapidus mate?
January to April
November to December
All year
May to October
134
How many eggs can female crabs release?
100,000
500,000
750,000-2 million
5 million
135
What affects the zonation of coastal species?
Temperature
Wave energy
Pollution
Salinity
136
What causes slower Ekman transport in Oregon & Washington?
More predators
Higher tides
Stronger waves
Weaker winds
137
Tolerance model means species are:
Always harmful
Neither harm nor help
Competing fiercely
Always helpful
138
What is species richness?
Number of species
Species size
Species health
Species weight
139
What is the width of Neanthes succinea?
2 cm
4 cm
1 cm
3 cm
140
How many teeth on each side of Callinectes sapidus carapace?
5
9
11
7
141
Which barnacle survives upper intertidal in northern NE?
Balanus
Chthamalus
Lepas
Semibalanus
142
Which shore type is more biodiverse in the Pacific?
Coral reef
Mudflat
Rocky shore
Sandy shore
143
What is an event behavior?
Rare
Brief
Continues over time
Random
144
Which trophic level includes herbivores?
Third
Second
First
Fourth
145
What is a niche in ecology?
Species' unique role
Migration pattern
Population size
Physical habitat
146
Where do female crabs release eggs?
In river
On land
In bay
In sea
147
True or false: Seagrass can grow in total darkness.
False
True
148
What is a seasonal pattern?
Time allocation
Seasonal changes
Behavior list
Daily cycle
149
What is the maximum length of Neanthes succinea?
25 cm
30 cm
15 cm
19 cm
150
What is a biotic factor in seagrass?
Temperature
Salinity
Wave energy
Epiphytes
151
What does recruitment mean in ecology?
Predator attacks
Plant growth
Water flow
New individuals
152
What is the main competition example given?
Barnacle distribution
Fish migration
Bird nesting
Algae growth
153
What is a feature of exposed sandy shores?
More algae
Lower wave energy
Less slope
Higher wave energy
154
Which barnacle can withstand dry conditions?
Semibalanus
Mussels
Kelp
Chthamalus
155
What is the main cause of vertical zonation?
Temperature
Sunlight
Tide height
Wind
156
What color is the body of Neanthes succinea?
Yellow-green
Red
Blue
Brown
157
What is behavioral ecology?
Study of cells
Study of plants
Study of rocks
Study of behaviors
158
Where is Zostera marina commonly found?
Deep ocean
Deserts
Tropical zones
Temperate zones
159
How should behaviors be described?
Quickly
Randomly
Carefully
Vaguely
160
What restricts flower development?
Nutrient levels
Water depth
Temperature range
Light intensity