Anaemias are defined as having

↓Haemoglobin, ↓Red cell count, ↓Haematocrit

What does the reticulo-endothelia system do? (BM-= Bone marrow)

RBCs are destroyed by phagocytic cells in spleen, liver & BM

The primary type of Polycythaemia is?

Caused by a tumour-like condition of the bone marrow

Haemoglobin is composed of 2 parts: 1.____ and 2.____

Haem (~4% iron and porphyrin) & Globin (~96% a protein)

Polycythaemia is due to the?

Overproduction of erythrocytes by increased secretion of EPO

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Human Physiology 2 Body System - Week 7-Blood and Immunology-blood and leucocyte Lecture 2

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Questions 26

Answers

1
After 20 yrs, erythropoisis only occurs where?
Red bone marrow
Membranous bones
Yellow bone marrow
Liver, spleen and lymph nodes
2
In erythropoiesis normoblasts are converted to _____?
Areticulocytes
Reticulocytes
Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
3
Which of the following is not one of the disadvantages of being anucleate?
Produced more metabolic wastes
Not all species have anucleate erythrocytes
No protein synthesis or repair
RBC lack mitochondria & survive on anaerobic metabolism
4
Which of the following is not one of the sites of erythropoiesis in the foetus
Yolk sac
Liver
Pancreas
Lymph nodes
5
If there is a decrease in tissue oxygenation what is secreted into the blood from the kidney?
Thrombopoietin (TPO)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Colony stimulating factors (CSFs)
Interleukins
6
Bilirubin taken up by the liver is converted to 1._____ bilirubin which is 2._____
1. Conjugated 2. Lipid soluble
1. Unconjugated 2. Water soluble
1. Conjugated 2. Water soluble
1. Unconjugated 2. Lipid soluble
7
Anaemias are defined as having
↓Haemoglobin, ↓Red cell count, ↑Haematocrit
↓Haemoglobin, ↓Red cell count, ↓Haematocrit
↑Haemoglobin, ↑Red cell count, ↑Haematocrit
↑Haemoglobin, ↑Red cell count, ↓Haematocrit
8
Which of the following is not one of the causes of reduced Haematocrit (HCT)?
Anaemia
Polycythaemia
Massive or prolonged blood loss
Leukaemia
9
Which of the following is not one of the causes of elevated Haematocrit (HCT)?
Leukaemia
Dehydration
Fluid loss from severe diarrhoea or vomiting
Haemoconcentration due to severe burns
10
Erythrocytes contain glycolytic enzymes and carbonic anhydrase
False
True
11
There are 4 major types of Haemoglobin (Hb) found in adult blood?
True
False
12
A cause of pernicious anaemia is?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Toxic chemicals
Destruction of bone marrow
Low dietary iron intake
13
What does the reticulo-endothelia system do? (BM-= Bone marrow)
RBCs are destroyed by phagocytic cells in spleen, liver & BM
Produced from the breakdown of bilirubin molecules
Produced from the breakdown of haem molecules
WBCs are destroyed by phagocytic cells in spleen, liver & BM
14
Iron (Fe) is transported around in the blood attached to the protein _____?
Transerythroferritin
Ferritin
Erythroferritin
Transferrin
15
Erythrocyte contain high intracellular 1.___ and low 2.___
1. Na+ 2. K+
1. Ca2+ 2. Na+
1. Na+ 2. Ca2+
1. K+ 2. Na+
16
Haematocrit (HCT) measures what? in the total volume of blood
concentration of Erythrocytes
concentration of Lymphocytes
concentration of Leucocytes
concentration of Megakaryocyte
17
The primary type of Polycythaemia is?
Caused by a tumour-like condition of the bone marrow
TPO-mediated ↑ in erythrocyte due to prolonged ↓ O2 levels
EPO-mediated ↑ in erythrocyte due to prolonged ↓ O2 levels
Caused by a tumour-like condition of the pituitary gland
18
Iron is removed from the haem molecule which in turn is converted to ______?
Haemoglobin
Bilirubin
Haem
Rubin
19
Haemoglobin is composed of 2 parts: 1.____ and 2.____
Haem (~96% a protein) & Globin (~4% iron and porphyrin)
Haem (~14% iron and porphyrin) & Globin (~86% a protein)
Haem (~4% iron and porphyrin) & Globin (~96% a protein)
Haem (~86% a protein) & Globin (~14% iron and porphyrin)
20
What is the final result in EPO that causes a haemopoietic stem into a mature RBC
Proerythroblasts
Polychromatophilic erythroblasts
Basophilic erythroblasts
Normoblasts
21
Physical symptoms of Hyperbilirubinaemia are?
High RBC count
Jaundice
High Haemacrit
Low RBC count
22
Polycythaemia is due to the?
Overproduction of Leukocytes by increased secretion of EPO
Overproduction of erythrocytes by increased secretion of TPO
Overproduction of erythrocytes by increased secretion of EPO
Overproduction of Leukocytes by increased secretion of TPO
23
1.______ stimulates erythropoiesis, while 2.______ inhibits the process
1. Testosterone 2. Estrogen
1. Erythrocytes 2. Leucocytes
1. Leucocytes 2. Erythrocytes
1. Estrogen 2. Testosterone
24
Which of the following is not one of the advantages of being anucleate?
Higher SA/V ratio
Less work for heart as a pump
Improves deformability
Improves bio-availability
25
What are the correct normal reference ranges for Haematocrit (HCT) in males and females?
males 40-54%, females 37-47%
males 37-47%, females 40-54%
males 40-50%, females 50-60%
males 50-60%, females 40-50%
26
Flexibility of the cell membrane allows the cell to change shape and respond to ______
Interstitial changes
Pressure changes
Osmotic changes
Cell changes

Human Physiology 2 Body System - Week 7-Blood and Immunology-blood and leucocyte Lecture 2 Flashcards | StudBud