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Duplicate of AP Psychology
Duplicate of AP Psychology
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Principles of psychology #psychology
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
A physical stimulus is converted into a neural impulse through the process known as:
Transduction
Transition
Transference
Transposition
2
Which of the following is considered to be a possible cause of the misinformation effect?
Inadequate encoding
Proactive interference
Source confusion
Priming
3
What is the basis of Thorndike’s Law of Effect?
Something learned w/ reinforcement can never be extinguished
In addition to reinforcement, there must be reward
In addition to practice, there must be reinforcement
practice alone produces learning
4
Which of the following is an example of a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule?
Getting a reward for good behavior once in a while
When a dog gets a treat every time it sits on command
Being paid by the week
Being paid for each time-share you sell
5
The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT
Smell
Hearing
Taste
Vision and touch
6
A starving rat will lose all interest in food if what part of its brain is destroyed?
Lateral hypothalamus
Lateral thalamus
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Ventromedial thalamus
7
Experiments show that infants register the strongest preference for which visual stimuli?
Bright colors
Animals
Geometric shapes
The human face
8
The conditioned stimulus gets its meaning from its association with the:
Generalized stimulus
Conditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
9
Sarah gets a speeding ticket and her parents take her car away. This is an example of...
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
10
Memory for automatic activities, such as bike riding and handwriting, is known as:
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Sensory memory
Declarative memory
11
Mary scores at the 87th percentile. In testing, this means:
87% of those taking the test were equal to or below her
13% of those taking the test were below her
13% of those taking the test were equal to her
87% of those taking the test were above her
12
A test that is valid must
Be normed on a random sample
Predict future behavior
Be reliable
Have scores that fit a normal curve
13
People with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with:
an irrational fear of people
their own self-importance
delusions of persecution
physical symptoms of distress
14
In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain...
Stimulus-detection thresholds
Perceptual organization
Statistical probabilities
Altered states of consciousness
15
During the manic phase of a bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to experience...
High self-esteem
Schizophrenia
Uncontrollable grief and despair
Visual or auditory hallucinations
16
A brain tumor that results in obesity would most likely be located in the...
Somatosensory cortex
Base of the brain stem
Left frontal lobe
Area of the hypothalamus
17
Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated w/ an emphasis on the importance of...
External locus of control
Positive self-concept
Free association
Reciprocal determinism
18
Research has shown that the optimal arousal level of an individual performing a given task is
Related to task difficulty
Level at which the person feels most comfortable
Unrelated to task difficulty
Level at which the person feels least comfortable
19
In Sigmund Freud's view, the role of the ego is to...
Serve the demands of the unconscious
Serve the demands of the superego
Mediate among the id and reality
Mediate among the id, the superego, and reality
20
Someone diagnosed as agoraphobic would most likely be:
Afraid of learning
Afraid of public places
Afraid of being trapped in an enclosed space
Demonstrating delusions of grandeur
21
What is social loafing?
Working harder in groups than individually
Playing when expected to be working
Working harder individually than in groups
A democratic process for group interaction
22
From the perspective of Erik Erikson, why are life stages important?
Each is an expression of biological programming
None of the above
Each signals a new stage of cognitive development
Each involves a crisis or dilemma
23
Which of the following is considered to be a psychotic disorder?
Obsessive Compulsive disorder
Schizophrenia
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
24
Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency that psychologists use?
Mean
Validity
Standard deviation
Mode
25
Wolfgang Kohler considered a chimpanzee's sudden solving of a problem evidence of...
Instinct
Modeling
Learning
Insight
26
Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a(n)
Unconditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
27
What will most likely be influenced by staying up especially late on weekends?
Lucid dreaming
REM rebound
Circadian rythm
Narcolepsy
28
The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the...
Ossicle
Cochlea
Oval window
Semicircular canal
29
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?
Aphasia
A loss of vision
A loss of motor coordination
Increased agression
30
Which of the following is not one of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
Concrete operational
Postoperational
Formal operational
Sensorimotor
31
To determine whether a cause-effect relationship exists b/w two variables a researcher must use
Naturalistic observation
A correlational study
An experimental approach
Descriptive statistics
32
Which of the following will NOT increase behavioral and mental activity?
Caffeine
Amphetamines
Barbiturates
Benzedrine
33
Damage to or removal of what part of the brain can cause anterograde amnesia?
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Thalamus
34
What type of study involves watching participants to see how they behave?
Naturalistic Observation
Case Study
Interview
Experiment
35
Which linguist is most closely associated with the concept of universal grammar?
Broca
Lorenz
Chomsky
Wernicke
36
The right occipital lobe receives visual information from
Entire retina of the right eye
Right half of both retinas
Entire retina of the left eye
Entire retina of both eyes
37
The overjustification effect has led some psychologists to question the value of
Locus of control theory
Framing
Extrinsic motivation
Set point theory
38
According to the biological perspective, psychological disorders result from...
Brain abnormalities
Distorted thinking
Lack of positive self-regard
Dysfunctional societal views
39
Which of the following best explains the longitudinal research method?
Following a small group of people until they die
Comparing a large group of foreigners
Comparing groups of various ages for a long time
Assess changes in a small group at diff. intervals over time
40
Which of the following concepts refers to the structure & organization of a sentence?
Syntax
Morpheme
Phoneme
Semantics
41
Which type of intelligence would be most important in answering trivia questions?
Fluid
Creative
Crystallized
Practical
42
In which of the following situations is help least likely to be received?
There is only one person who sees the help need
The help need has been preceded by a model of helping
The help need has been preceded by a model of helping
Several people see the need for help
43
Which of the following parts of the brain are most active in decision-making?
Corpus callosum
Hypothalamus
Reticular formation
Cerebral cortex
44
An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by:
Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity
Lack of feelings of guilt
A persistent, irrational fear of people
Delusions of grandeur
45
Interference theory and decay theory are contrasting ideas to explain what memory process?
Forgetting
Mental imagery
Dreaming
Encoding errors
46
Joe looks at the stars at night. Since it is dark, he uses which cells in the eye to see?
Rods
Cones
Retina
Fovea
47
What is the act of reverting to childish behaviors?
Rationalization
Repression
Reaction formation
Regression
48
For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the...
Cerebellum
Left cerebral hemisphere
Occipital lobe
Right cerebral hemisphere
49
Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves
Self examination of mental processes
Survey methodology
Correlational analysis
Machines designed for cognitive analysis
50
Large, slow brain waves called Delta waves are
most
associated with which stage of sleep?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
