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Final Exam Review
Final Exam Review
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1
One of the greatest threats to biodiversity is:
habitat destruction
old-growth forests
nitrification
ozone depletion
2
Genetic engineering of food crops
both a & c
must be disclosed on food ingredient labels
continues to be debated among scientists
is only used with corn
3
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called:
predation
symbiosis
competition
mutualism
4
The primary producers in a grassland ecosystem would most likely be:
bacteria
insects
algae
grasses
5
Organisms are adapted to survive in particular environments. This explains why:
non-native plant species never flourish in new areas
habitat destruction accounts for most extinctions
captive-breeding programs are ineffective
compromise is impossible on environmental issues
6
Which statement best describes exponential growth?
population immediately decreases
within a few years, population increases dramatically
species' reproductive potential declines
an individual plant grows much larger than usual
7
Over millions of years, plants and their pollinators have:
crossbred
coevolved
become parasites
become competitive
8
The extinction of species:
only occurs in the tropics
is a problem only where soil and water are elimited
is not a problem currently
is sped up by human activity
9
What results from the same species requiring the same food and space?
primary successtion
secondary succession
interspecific competition
competition
10
Food webs are more commonplace than food chains because:
many animals in food chains ar emigratory
none of the above
organisms are connected to many different organisms
over time, food chains become food webs
11
Many autotrophs obtain the energy they need for metabolism through:
cellular respiration
eating food
fermentation
photosynthesis
12
As a population reaches its carrying capacity, there is an increase in competition for:
all of the above
shelter
food
mates
13
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except:
roundworm in human intestine
cow in pasture
tick on cat
mistletoe on tree
14
Which of the following best describers a population?
all red birds in an area
all members of the same species
all types of organisms living in the same place
same species living in same place at same time
15
An ecological footprint is the:
mark a person's shoe makes in mud
amount of land and ocean needed to support one person
number of animals a person has killed
number of trees people cut down
16
The physical location of an ecosystem in which a given species lives is:
tropical level
community
habitat
food zone
17
Competition for food cannot occur:
between animals from 2 different ecosystems
between 2 populations
among members of same populations
among populations whose niches overlap
18
Plants play crucial role in carbon cycle because they:
are chemically converted into fossil fuels when burned
do not release CO2 during cellular respiration
allow carbon to enter ecosystem thru photosynthesis
have special bacteria that live in their root systems
19
Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms:
& their communities
with one another and their physical environment
with one another & biotic factors
and the food they eat
20
Using scientific info to help clean up a lake describes:
social science
earth science
ecology
environmental science
21
Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem
oak forest
vacant lot
utility pole
coral reef
22
Where are many critical biodiversity hotspots located?
all of the above
desert and polar environments
islands, rainforests, coastal areas
cities and developed area
23
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a problem because they:
were once thought to be a hazard
corrode aerosol cans
attacks ozone molecules
are released by A.C. and gets into groundwater
24
Heterotrophs get energy:
from breaking down food molecules
all of the above
from organic molecules
through cellular respiration
25
The community of a pond is made up of all the:
habitats in and around water
populations of fish, insects, and other living organisms
resources organisms need
abiotic factors in the water
26
Which is a nonpoint-source pollution?
leaking oil tanker
runoff from agriculture feedlots
unlined landfill
polluted wastewater from a chemical plant
27
Which is legal under the Endangered Species Act
destroying habitat of an endangered plant
conducting research of endangered species with a permit
capturing a threatened species for a zoo
digging up an endangered plan and selling it
28
"Tragedy of Commons" addresses conflicts associated with what environmental challenge?
protecting shared resources
preventing pollution
preserving biodiversity
curbing overpopulation
29
Heterotrophs get energy:
from organic molecules
from breaking down food molecules
through cellular respiration
all of the above
30
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
krill
killer whale
algae
leopard seal
31
Why is the world's loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
it's not, because extinctions are common
both a & b
humans depend on other organisms for food and oxygen
species extinctions have been rare throughout history
32
Parasites:
rarely kill their hosts
all of the above
coevolve with their hosts
usually smaller than their hosts
33
A true statement about greenhouse gases is that they:
convert sunlight into heat that warms Earth
trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth
are not affected by human activity
are concentrated in stratosphere
34
The group that does NOT receive experimental treatment in an experiment is the:
data
control group
experimental group
variable
35
The U.S. laws that protect endangered species:
apply to only 10 animals and 20 plants
are much weaker than legal protections than other countries
are considered the strongest in the world
are rarely enforced
36
Algae is a:
consumer
producer
decomposer
heterotroph
37
Air pollution is a major health problem caused by burning of fuels in:
power plants
vehicles
home furnaces
all of the above
38
Species evolving in response to other living members of their ecosystem is:
compromise
parasitism
ecology
coevolution
39
The difference between a predator and parasite is that a predator:
harms another organism
benefits from another organism
lives in or on a host
usually kills & eats its prey
40
Most of today's environmental problems began during:
Both a & c
Industrial Revolution
hunter-gatherer period
agricultural revolution
41
Which of the following about global warming is NOT accurate?
only fossil fuels (not plants) release CO2 when burned
reforestation is not sufficient to slow global warming
global temp. and CO2 concentration are related
CO2 levels have risen over last 30 yrs
42
The total variety of living organisms in the biosphere is called:
biodiversity
sustainable development
ecological pyramid
conservation biology
43
Energy flows from the sun through the living world when:
all of the above
plants get sun and make carbs
animals eat plants
animals eat animals that ate plants
44
Acid precipitation can be traced back to:
release of PM into atmosphere
use of electrostatic precipitators
thermal inversions
burning of fossil fuels
45
What term is used to refer to many possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem?
energy transfer
food chain
energy pyramid
food web
46
"Tragedy of the Commons" describes conflict between:
individuals and society
farmers and industrialized society
developing & developed nations
Canada and Mexico
47
Most air pollution is produced by:
ozone layer depletion
thermal inversion
fuel burning
volcanic eruptions
48
Compared to developing nations, developed nations have:
faster-growing populations
lower health standards
higher infant mortality rates
greater personal wealth
49
Which of the following best described use of renewable resource?
building wooden furniture
filling car with gas
mining copper
burning coal
50
The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface & atmosphere is:
condensation cycle
precipitation
water cycle
evaporation
51
In scientific investigation, it is important that the number of objects being sampled is:
equal to mean # of objects not sampled
a guess of how likely an unwanted outcome will occur
equal to total statistical population
large enough to be accurate estimate for whole population
52
A group of organisms of different species living together in a particular place is called a:
population
community
biome
habitat
53
Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid rain?
9.6
6.0
4.1
7.3
54
Earth's surface water is found in:
lakes
rivers
streams
all of above
55
Pollutants produced by burning coal include:
CFCs
chlorinated hydrocarbons
CO
CO2
56
If an insect eats a plant, about how much energy is stored in the insect?
50%
1%
10%
90%
57
A population pyramid is created by:
estimating demand for services within a community
calculating # of children a woman births in her lifetime
noting when each group member dies
graphing distribution of ages of population at specific time
58
Which country is most likely to have a stable population?
Canada
Pakistan
India
Mexico
59
If the supply of oil declined, and the demand remained the same:
oil price would increase
oil usage would decrease
oil price would decrease
oil usage would increase
60
Ozone in the atmosphere:
all of the above
absorbs harmful UV radiation
combines readily with water vapor
leads to formation of acid rain
61
The average global temperature has ______ during 20th century:
increased every year
risen some years and fallen others, but increased overall
remained the same
risen some years and fallen others, but decreased overal
62
Renewable sources of energy:
were never utilized until 20th century
have to be created in laboratories
are manufactured from fossil fuels
replenish themselves naturally
63
Energy in fossil fuels is often converted into:
magnetic fiels
power plants
electricity
uranium
64
Which gas makes up 78% of atmosphere, but can only be used after transformed by bacteria?
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
65
Biodiversity is:
# species living on Earth
# and variety of species that live in an area
# and variety of species considered renewable
# and variety of species living on Earth
66
Two diseases that can be caused by pollution are:
cholera/river blindness
lead poisoning/lung cancer
colds/flus
measles/TB
67
Consumers are organisms that:
eat only other animal species
occupy ecosystem's lowest energy level
get solar energy indirectly
known as self-feeders
68
An endangered species is:
species growing on public land
organism brought to a place where it has not lived
species in danger of extinction
species that has disappeared entirely
69
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
all of the above
decomposers
herbivores
omnivores
70
A population of organisms grows:
when birth rate exceeds death rate
only in absence of predators/natural diseases
all of the above
when there are no restrictions except food availability
71
Which of the following statements is not correct:
Animals get their energy from the sun indirectly
Rare bacter in deep ocean get energy from hydrogen sulfide
Plants get their energy directly from the sun
consumers get energy directly from the sun
72
Coal, oil, and natural gas
release CO2 when they are burned
are formed from decayed plants
are fossil fuels
all of the above
73
The major human causes of extinction today are:
neither a nor b
both a & b
hunting & destroying habitats
polluting & invasive species
74
Which of the following is density-independent:
disease
space
fire
food
75
Because of the Endangered Species Act, the sale of protected animals or plants is:
allowed for threatened, but not endangered species
limited to quotas set for each species
subject to approval by Species Review Board
punishable by a fine
76
Producer-Consumer relationship is best illustrated by a:
snake eating a bird
zebra eating grass
lion eating a zebra
fox eating a mouse
77
In going from one trophic level to the next higher level:
the amount of usable energy decreases
diversity of organisms increases
the amount of usable energy increases
the number of organisms increase
78
During the agricultural revolution:
human populations decreased due to disease
plants and animals were domesticated
both a & c
fossil fuel use increased
79
A sustainable world would be characterized by the:
indefinite existence of human populations
invention of safer storage for toxic waste
preservation of rare animals
exploitation of resources using technology
80
The level of biodiversity that involves a variety of habitats and communities is:
genetic diversity
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
population diversity
81
The carrying capacity of an environment is determine by:
supply of limited resources
reproductive potential of species
distribution of population
# individuals
82
Things you do that contribute to a cleaner environment include:
recycling
all of the above
mass transportation
educating public
83
Major ecosystems that occur over wide areas of land are called:
habitats
communities
biomes
food chains
84
Climate in a region is:
atmospheric conditions on a given day
long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions
determined only by seasonal daylight hours
never affected by ocean currents
85
Why is wood considered a limited resource in developing countries?
people cut down trees faster than they can grow
excess wood is used to make shantytowns
fuelwood allows people to purify their water
wood is used in place of money
86
Fungi are:
decomposers
omnivores
scaverngers
autotrophs
87
Which of the following is a developing nation?
Canada
U.S.
Ethiopia
France
88
The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is:
water
CO2
nitrogen
oxygen
89
The number of wild horses per square km in a prairie is the horse population's:
dispersion
size
birth rate
density
90
Which is not a threat to biodiversity?
overexploitation
habitat fragmentation
species preservation
introduced species
91
For evolution to occur in a population, individuals w/ a trait naturally selected for must:
live a long time
leave the area
reproduce
coevolve
92
The density of a population is:
# individuals per unit area
proportion of males and females
# individuals living in cities
# of individuals born every year
93
The relationship between a Canadian lynx and snowshoe hare is an example of:
mututalism
competition
predator and prey
parasite and host
94
The increase in Earth's average temp. from CO2 building is called:
global warming
eutrophication
transpiration
ozone depletion
95
Every 2 adults has 2 offspring that live to reproduce. What happens to population after time?
shrink
grow
remain the same
disperse randomly
96
Polluted groundwater is difficult to clean because:
pollutants cling to materials
groundwater is deep in the ground
all of the above
it takes 100-1,000 years
97
Example of a population is:
all maple trees in a forest
all trees in a forest
all animals in a forest
all plants ina forest
98
Destruction of tropical rain forests:
threaten existence of thousands of species
all of above
provides for more pasture and farmland
done partly because of need for lumber
99
The energy in most ecosystems comes from:
wind
all of the above
sun
green plants