EXAM 4 REVIEW

Childhood obesity is influenced more by genes than by diet and exercise. 

Sports teams lead to higher self-esteem, better cognitive skills, and improved motor skills. 

Cognitive development characterized by rational thinking, complex logic, and problem solving.

Producing multiple ideas in response to stimuli in a set amount of time

Sports teams cause poor outcomes in children that are shy or withdrawn

Parents directly discourage girls from participating in sports. 

Children who are ridiculed or over-praised have difficulty developing a sense of industry.

Injuries are more common in boys than girls in middle childhood.

Children who develop ___ have confidence in their abilities and feel competent.

Standardized IQ tests can be culturally biased, even in 2023.

Matching sounds to individual letters or letter groups, and sounding out unfamiliar words.

Neural process that insulates neurons and speeds electrical impulses

Creating mental images of space, such as maps

Standardized IQ tests predict school performance and educational attainment. 

Thinking about thinking is called____. This helps children stay on task when solving problems.

Mentally reversing steps of events

A tendency to prejudge people who are dissimilar to you.

Executive functioning helps support social skills, academic success, and cognitive skills. 

Simultaneous bilinguals acquire language slower than monolinguals. 

A teacher has an expectation of a student, and treats them differently, which causes the child to change their behavior

Childhood injuries decrease from middle childhood to adolescence.

Long-term malnutrition impacts brain development, physical growth, and motor skills.

A child who is disliked by the majority of their peers is ____.

Girls and boys understand sport rules equally well.  

When a speaker alternates between two or more languages, without breaking grammar rules.

The stroop test measures which element of executive functioning? 

Performance suffering due to anxiety related to group membership

When teeth and jaws do not align

Standardized IQ tests accurately reflect children's processing speed.

Direct training and practice doing drills can improve gross motor skills in middle childhood. 

When kids join sports teams, they become more competitive, narcissistic, and lose friendships. 

In middle childhood, girls have better ___ motor skills than boys.

Taking multiple aspects of a problem into consideration

Attributing success to luck, and failures to lack of ability 

Knowing quantity remains the same despite the changes in container, shape, or color.

Sequential bilinguals tend to acquire grammar and vocabulary slower than simultaneous bilinguals.

A child's self-concept becomes more complex in middle childhood.

When a person can see close objects, but cannot see distant objects

Having an expectation about someone because of some characteristic (like race or religion). 

Attention in middle childhood becomes more concrete and elaborative. 

Respond to demands and control emotions in a socially acceptable way

A child who is both liked and disliked by their peers

Gap between schools that do and do not provide access to computers or the internet to their students

Nighttime loss of bladder-control or bed-wetting is called nocturnal malocclusion.

Ability to use previous knowledge to determine a missing piece of information using logic

Arranging items in a specific order based on dimension or time.

When children climb over each other, wrestle, roll around, or pretend to fight

In middle childhood, friendships begin to be less selective, less exclusive, and less stable than in early childhood.

Height and weight in middle childhood is impacted by genetics, nutrition, sleep, and epigenetics

The correct order of memory strategies learned in middle childhood: 

Self-esteem is strongest when a child's skills match the values of the culture.

The social, functional use of language in context

To reduce out-group bias and in-group favoritism, limit exposure to diverse groups to avoid bullying

Girls outperform boys in school initially because they have faster processing speed.

Popularity is more heavily linked with likeableness in younger children than in older children.

A preference for people who are similar to you

Judging someone on the basis of some characteristic (like race or religion)

Treating someone differently because of some characteristic (like race or religion).

Children learn to group and organize objects based on various properties

Attributing success to effort and failure to lack of practice

School recess (child-directed time to physically move their bodies) benefits ___ development

Memorization through repeated exposure to written words in their natural contexts