stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Duplicate of Sedatives & Muscle Relaxants Part I SGU SVM Pharmacology I Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Duplicate of Sedatives & Muscle Relaxants Part I SGU SVM Pharmacology I
Duplicate of Sedatives & Muscle Relaxants Part I SGU SVM Pharmacology I
74 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
1 play
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
74 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
74
Answers
1
Flumazenil -- Adverse effects
Extravasation of flumazenil --> tissue inflammation + necrosis
Reverse tachycardia
Emergence delirium
Administration in chronically BZD administrated patients --> seizures
2
Diazepam is a lipid soluble benzodiazepine
True
False
3
Physiological effects of phenothiazines: Respiratory & Musculoskeletal Effects
Mild respiratory effects; depressed, minute volume remains normal
Huge respiratory effects; depressed, minute volume remains not normal
Good muscle relaxation, decrease in malignant hyperthermia
Bad muscle relaxation, increase in malignant hyperthermia
4
Acepromazine maleate -- FDA approved in which animals
Cats
Horses
Food animals
Dogs
5
Promazine hydrochloride -- FDA approved in which animals
Horses
Food animals
Dogs
Cats
6
Diazepam has a shorter duration of action in dogs & cats when compared to horses
False
True
7
Azaperone -- Mechanism of action
D2 antagonism
5-Ht antagonism
Histamine antagonism
D1 & α1, antagonism
8
Flumazenil -- pharmacodynamic effects
CVS: reversal of fall in blood pressure (cats)
Musculoskeletal: reversal of muscle relaxation
Respiratory: tidal volume & minute ventilation restored to normal
CNS: reverses EEG changes in dogs/horses
9
Diazepam is an appetite stimulant for cats
False
True
10
Benzodiazepines -- Related drugs
Midazolam & diazepam
Zolazepam
Clonazepam
Alprazolam
11
Tranquilizers are used for their ability to reduce fear & anxiety & behavioral modification
False
True
12
Lorazepam -- Route of Administration
IV
Oral
IM
Rectal
13
Sedatives and Tranquilizers: Indications
As an adjunct for general anesthesia
Chemical restraint
To produce calmness (anxiolytic, sedation)
Not to be used in oxen
14
Therapeutic targets of sedatives and tranquilizers
NMDA receptor antagonist
D2 receptor antagonist
GABA receptor agonist
α2 receptor agonist
15
Azaperone -- Onset of action
10 mins
>10 mins
<10 mins
16
Benzodiazepines -- Pharmacodynamic effects -- CNS
Paradoxical excitement, agitation, vocalization, & dysphoria
Reduction in cerebral blood flow and in oxygen consumption
Sedation in pigs and rabbits > dogs
Best sedative effects in neonates, geriatrics or critically ill patients
17
Flumazenil -- what does it actually do
Specifically inhibits binding of benzodiazepines to GABAC receptor
Specifically inhibits binding of benzodiazepines to GABAB receptor
Specifically inhibits binding of benzodiazepines to GABAA receptor
Specifically inhibits binding of benzodiazepines to GABAD receptor
18
Azaperone -- Duration of action in pigs
4-5hrs
1-4 hrs
2-4hrs
3-6hrs
19
Azaperone -- Pharmacodynamic effects -- CVS
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Dec blood pressure
Sloughing of tissue near injection site
20
Midazolam -- Route of Administration
SC
Intranasal
IV
IM
21
Phenothiazines -- Which are the drugs?
Dipromazine
Chlorpromazine
Promazine
Acepromazine
22
Butyrophenones -- associated drugs which is antiemetic to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting?
Fluorone
Azaperone
Haloperidol
Droperidol
23
Butyrophenones -- associated drugs -- Which is a sedative for swine and zoo/wildlife medicine?
Haloperidol
Droperidol
Fluorone
Azaperone
24
Phentothiazines -- Mechanism of Action
Peripheral - α1 antagonism - vasodilation
Dopamine receptors-GPCR- signal transduction
Antiemetic- D2 anatagonism at CTZ
Inhibits postsynaptic central dopaminergic receptors (D2)
25
Benzodiazepines -- Pharmacodynamic effects -CVS -minimal cardiovascular depression; can be given to CVS disease patients
True
False
26
Azaperone -- Pharmacodynamic effects -- CNS
Behavior modification -- chemical restraint
Sloughing of tissue near injection site
Sedation
Paradoxical excitement in horses (IV)
27
Physiological effects of phenothiazines: CNS Effects
Sedation (D2 anatagonism)
Extrapyramidal symptoms (rigidity, tremors, amnesia)
Decrease spontaneous motor activity
Contraindicated for patients with seizures
28
Butyrophenones -- associated drugs -- which is for antipsychotics
Azaperone
Haloperidol
Fluorone
Droperidol
29
Benzodiazepines -- what does it do?
Sedation
Induce labor
Ability to cause sleep
Anxiolytic
30
Azaperone (Stresnil) -- Used in swine
True
False
31
BZD - overdose/acute toxicity
Vocalization, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypothermia
Respiratory depression, weakness, tremors
Reversal with BZD antagonist -- Flumazenil
Ataxia/disorientation, CNS depression/agitation
32
Azaperone -- Pharmacodynamic effects -- Musculoskeletal effects
Activation
Sloughing of tissue near injection site
No effect
Relaxation
33
BZD -- Drug Interactions
Increase in BZD metabolism w/ rifampin
W/ other CNS depressants -- produces synergistic CNS depressant effects
Diazepam absorbed by polyvinyl chlroide
Dec in metabolism seen w/ co-admin of drugs that inhibit CYP450 enzymes
34
Which are Major Tranquilizers?
α2-adrenergic receptor agonists
Butyrophenones
Phenothiazine derivatives
Benzodiazepines
35
Phenothiazines-- Is the ability to bind to protein bound high or low?
High
Low
36
Diazepam -- adverse effects
Hepatic necrosis in cats
Hemolysis (cats)
Pain on administration by IV/IM --> thrombophlebitis
Kidney failure in cats
37
BZDs -- Metabolism
Form active metabolites such as desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam
After glucoronide conjugation, excreted in urine
Liver metabolism -- reduction or glucoronidation
Wide therapeutic index
38
Midazolam -- Facts
BZDs are not for food-producing animals
1/2 life longer in horses
No pain on injection
Intense pain on injection
39
Lorazepam -- Facts
Pain on injection
Preferred for epilepsy
No analgesia
Preferred for hyper anxiety
40
Azaperone -- Route of Administration
Oral
IV
SC
IM
41
Which are Minor Tranquilizers?
Phenothiazine derivatives
Butyrophenones
α2-adrenergic receptor agonists
Benzodiazepines
42
Zolazepam -- Route of Administration (Telazol)
IM & IV in cats
IM & IV in dogs
IM only in cats
IM only in dogs
43
Physiological effects of phenothiazines: CVS Effects
Tachycardia
Increase hypotensive effects
Acepromazine --> Decrease ventricular arrhythmias
Peripheral α1 blocker --> peripheral vasodilation
44
Phenothiazines-- Time to clinical effects
30 mins (IV)
10-15 mins (IV)
10-15 mins (IM)
30 mins (IM)
45
Species sensitivity of Phenothiazines
Pigs -> prevent halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia
Boxer dogs have an exaggerated response to acepromazine
Horses have an increased tolerance so need a higher dose
Dogs w/ vagal tone -- Boxers/Bulldogs have greater morbidity or mortality
46
Azaperone -- Pharmacodynamic effects -- Respiratory effects
Sloughing of tissue near injection site
Respiratory hyperactivity
Tachypnea
Mild respiratory depression
47
Phenothiazines-- Long acting drugs, how long?
7.1 hrs in horses
3.1 hrs in dogs
3.1 hrs in horses
7.1 hrs in dogs
48
Phenothiazines -- There is an antagonist to reverse the effects
True
False
49
Flumazenil -- Route of Administration
Sublingual
IV
Rectal in dogs
IM
50
Butyrophenones -- associated drugs
Haloperidol
Azaperone
Fluorone
Droperidol
51
Chlorpromazine hydrochlroide -- Mainly used as ___ in small animals?
Anxiolytic
Antiemetic
Sedation
Antipsychotic
52
Diazepam is an induction agent to propofol, ketamine + etomidate
False
True
53
Phenothiazines -- Clinical Indications
Pre anesthetic sedative
Combo w/ opioids (Morphine) - neuroleptanalgesia- higher sedation+analgesia
Decrease anxiety
Sedation & Antiemetic
54
Diazepam -- Route of Administration
Rectal
Oral
IV
IM
55
Acepromazine maleate -- Route of Administration
Oral
IM
IV
SC
56
Phenothiazines -- Which one is commonly used?
Acepromazine
Promazine
Dipromazine
Chlorpromazine
57
Acepromazine -- Contraindications
Liver disease, coagulopathy/thrombocytopenia
Hypotension, shock, anemia, Icterus, Seizure history
Dehydrated, hypovolemic, CV disease
Cautiously used in boxers, brachycephalic dogs, breeding stallions
58
Azaperone -- Indications
Calming effects to control maternal aggression
Anesthetic adjunct
Sedative for wildlife
Analgesic effect
59
Zolazepam -- Facts
Not used often
Telazol is only FDA approved BZD for dogs and cats
Available in combo w/ tiletamine (NMDA antagonist)
Related drugs: Tilzolan and Telazol
60
Benzodiazepines -- Clinical Indications
Anti-anxiety & appetite stimulant
Adjuncts to anesthetic induction agents
Muscle relaxation and sedation
Anticonvulsants in emergencies
61
Phenothiazine — What kind of drug is it?
Antiemetic
Antipsychotic
Minor Tranquilizer
Major Tranquilizer
62
Chlorpromazine hydrochlroide -- not recommended in horses due to extreme ataxia and altered mentation
True
False
63
Azaperone -- Adverse effects
Salivation, sweating, muscle tremors, vocalization (horse)
Nausea, diarrhea
Paraphimosis -- IM causes penile prolapse in boars (vasodilation)
Extrapyramidal signs tardive dyskinesia, muscle tremors, restlessness
64
Azaperone -- Peak effect after administration
20 mins
10 mins
40 mins
30 mins
65
Zolazepam -- Route of Administration
SC
Oral
IM
IV
66
Promazine hydrochloride -- Route of Administration (more preferred for this type of administration)
SC
IM
IV
Oral
67
BZDs -- Metabolism
Cats get hepatic failure with diazepam
Food producing animals get vertigo
Horses - midazolam may not produce sedation (paddling, pacing + agitation)
Dogs get renal failure with midazolam
68
Benzodiazepines -- Pharmacodynamic effects -- Musculoskeletal effects
Potentiate GABA mediated muscle relaxation at level of spinal cord
Can combine with other anesthetic drugs to mediate muscle relaxation
Not safe to use in myasthenia gravis patients
Hyper activates muscle contractions
69
Which is/are Major Sedatives?
α2-adrenergic receptor agonists
Butyrophenones
Benzodiazepines
Phenothiazine derivatives
70
Phenothiazines -- Undergoes hepatic metabolism & excreted in urine
True
False
71
Benzodiazepines -Respiratory effects - mild, dose-dependent respiratory depression but exaggerated when combined
False
True
72
Azaperone -- Pharmacodynamic effects -- Miscellaneous
Decrease PCV
Thermoregulation - mild reduction in temperature
Sloughing of tissue near injection site
No analgesia
73
Sedation causes CNS depression accompanied by drowsiness, but not unconsciousness
False
True
74
Midazolam is more or less potent than diazepam (True for more, false for less)
False
True
