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AP Learning 2025 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Learning 2025
AP Learning 2025
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Learning, Memory, and Cognition for AP Psychology
Flashcards
51 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Word meaning is to word order as ________ is to ________.
morpheme;phoneme
concept;prototype
phoneme;grammar
semantics;syntax
2
You sneak out of the house so your parents put locks on your doors and windows.
negative punishment
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
3
Latent learning is a form of learning that isn't apparent from behavior when it first occurs.
True
False
4
When a kid learns to share at home and then it is repeated at school, church, and friends' homes.
shaping
reinforcement
operant conditioning
reinforcement generalization
5
We tend to repeat behaviors we are reinforced for and stop behaviors we are punished for.
Law of Effect
classical conditioning
Law of Behavioral Learning
operant conditioning
6
Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener = the arrival of their food illustrate
negative reinforcement
shaping
classical conditioning
observational learning
7
You know your way around the school without even thinking about it, why?
cognitive map
operant conditioning
cognitive trial
mental map
8
Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)
negative reinforcer
positive punishment
conditioned stimulus
positive reinforcer
9
Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays
fixed ratio
variable interval
interval ratio
fixed interval
10
You get $100 for every A on your report card.
positive punishment
negative punishment
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
11
You close your bedroom door so you don't have to listen to your little brother crying.
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment
12
Timmy is scared of black rabbits. Now, he is also scared of black wigs, black dogs, black clothes, etc. What is this?
stimulus deterioration
stimulus discrimination
stimulus overgeneralization
stimulus generalization
13
How many phonemes are in the word “bats”?
0
2
3
1
14
When we use the word “automobile” to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using
algorithms
mental sets
schemas
concepts
15
Learning by hearing or seeing others rather than hands on.
social learning
none of these
social imitation
vicarious learning
16
Asking for dates is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.
variable interval
continuous ratio
fixed interval
variable ratio
17
Grades is the best example of a secondary reinforcer.
false
true
18
In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the taste of food was a(n)
UCR
CS
CR
UCS
19
When Fred pronounced the words “this” and “that,” he noticed that they share a common
phoneme
morpheme
phenotype
prototype
20
A learned association between two stimuli is central to
shaping
classical conditioning
punishment
reinforcement
21
Jackie is scared of roller coasters. Every time she rides one, she gets $50. Now she has no fear
operant conditioning
higher order conditioning
counterconditioning
one trial conditioning
22
Which of the following is an unconditioned response?
sweating in hot weather
playing jump rope
clapping after a great performance
getting money as a reward
23
The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called
confirmation bias
fixation
framing effect
blocking
24
Getting your paycheck each week
fixed interval
fixed ratio
variable ratio
variable interval
25
Asking a girl out on a date until she says yes.
fixed interval
variable ratio
variable interval
fixed ratio
26
What theory says that we learn by observing and imitating?
social imitation
none of these
vicarious learning
social learning
27
Which of the following is an unconditioned response?
sweating in hot weather
getting money as a reward
playing jump rope
clapping after a great performance
28
A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a(n)
UCS
Higher order response
CS
CR
29
The researcher most closely associated with the study of classical conditioning is
Thorndike
Bandura
Skinner
Pavlov
30
“The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of _______ memory.
implicit
sensory
explicit
short term
31
Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of
priming
chunking
rehearsal
implicit memory
32
In which form of learning is behavior said to be influenced by its consequences?
operant learning
latent learning
classical conditioning
insight
33
The spontaneous utterance of a variety of sounds by infants is called
syntax
telegraphic speech
universal grammar
babbling
34
A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power by association with a primary reinforcer
conditioned
negative
delayed
partial
35
A reward punch card at a fast food place is an example of
variable ratio
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed interval
36
The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called
secondary reinforcement
shaping
classical conditioning
modeling
37
Insight learning is that "a-ha" moment when the lightbulb comes on.
False
True
38
Biological predisposition is when you teach an animal a new trick but it sometimes reverts back to instinctual behaviors
True
False
39
A slow but steady rate of operant responding is associated with
variable ratio
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed interval
40
A retention of skills without conscious recollection is known as ____ memory.
flashbulb
implicit
state dependent
short term
41
In the words “lightly,” “neatly,” and “shortly,” the “ly” ending is a(n)
morpheme
prototype
syntax
phoneme
42
Learning that certain events occur together is called
observational learning
shaping
associative learning
latent learning
43
Revoking the driver's license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as a
negative punishment
negative reinforcement
punishing reinforcer
positive punishment
44
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems & make judgments efficiently
algorithms
heuristics
prototypes
semantics
45
Conscious memory of factual information is called ________ memory.
explicit
iconic
procedural
implicit
46
Fishing is an example of
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed interval
variable ratio
47
Sarah burned her hand on the stove, now she never puts her hands near a stove again. Why?
counterconditioning
aversive conditioning
classical conditioning
one trial conditioning
48
Memory of your familiar old e-mail password may block the recall of your new password.
retroactive interference
retrieval
blocking
proactive interference
49
In classical conditioning, the ________ signals the impending occurrence of the ________.
CS;US
UR;CR
CS;CR
CR;UR
50
Closing your bedroom door so that you won't hear the TV that is bothering you
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
conditioned reinforcers
punishment
51
After conditioning, Albert showed fear to rabbits, dogs, and fur coats. This best illustrates
discrimination
acquisition
generalization
shaping