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Language Change
What are internal factors?
What is presriptivism?
Language Change
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1
What is presriptivism?
Language should be fixed, prescribing to a set of rules
No judgement or negative attitude is imposed upon language change
2
What are internal factors?
We adapt existing words by modifying them e.g blending or compounding
We borrow words from other languages
We create new words from scratch
3
What language did "Bishop" come from?
Spanish
French
Scandinavian
Latin
4
What are external factors?
We adapt existing words by modifying them
We create entirely new words from scratch
We borrow words from other languages
5
What is semantic change?
The creation of a new words
A change in the meaning of words
6
What language did "guard" come from?
Scandinavian
French
Latin
Spanish
7
Who was one of the first prescriptivists?
Jonathan Swift
Geoffrey Chaucer
Robert Lowth
Samuel Johnson
8
Who said, "tongues, like governments, have a natural tendency to degeneration"
Geoffrey Chaucer
Samuel Johnson
Robin Lakoff
William Labov
9
What is synchronic change?
The study of language change at a particular moment in time
A journey through history (historical development of language)
10
What were Inkhorn terms?
New words created by prolific writers that were deemed unneccessary.
Old words created by the rich
11
Who spoke English before the 16th century?
Upper Class
Middle Class
Peasants
12
What impacts the English language?
Scientific development and migration
War and technology
Travel
All of the above
13
What impact did the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) have?
Social class made a difference/heightened prestige of standard English
RP came into use/increasing concern of social class
All of the above
More travelling and social migration
14
English is a hybrid language
False
True
15
What language did "Cafeteria" come from?
French
Latin
Spanish
Scandinavian
16
What is orthography
Spelling
Punctuation
A set of conventions for writing a language
17
We create new words through external/internal factors and neologisms/coinage.
True
False
18
What are the different types of semantic change?
Weakening/shift
Narrowing and broadening
All of them
Amelioration/pejoration
19
What happened to attitudes towards towards English in the 16th/17th century?
It was disliked/disregarded
There was a growing pride in the mother tongue
20
What is neosemy?
Over time a words acquires a more pleasant or more positive meaning
Aspects of language itself contribute to change
A word becomes more specific in meaning
When words begin to be used in different ways and gain new meanings.
21
What is a diachronic journey?
The study of language change at a particular moment in time
A journey through history (historical development of language)
22
What language did "sky" come from?
Latin
Scandinavian
French
Spanish
