What is stage 4 of recovery from a stroke?

limited cotrolled motions. Spasticity may decline

Which of the following are the limitations of neurofacilitation motor recovery?

Poor evidence of long-term outcomes, Few patient planning skills/correction strategies, Impairment focused

Which of the following is an example of a low interference practice schedule?

Nonrepeated blocks of trials of each task variation

What two tests can be done to assess coordination of cerebellar and basal ganglia function?

Finger-to-nose & finger/toe tapping

What are the limitations of muscle reeducation motor recovery?

Assumes strength translates to function & is therapist driven

What things are important to note when assessing sensation?

Symmetry, do things feel the same, use light touch, test pt w/ EC

What are extrinsic constraints of dynamic systems?

Environment, support system, etc.

Exercise dependent plasticity includes all of the following:

"use it or lose it", use it & improve it, Specificity, repetition, intensity, salience, transference

Which of the following is true about the medical diagnosis?

Usually unchanging over the course of tx, May be one of multiple diagnoses, Relates directly to the damaged structure or pathological process

How can you describe dynamic systems?

Multiple systems function together for movement

The capacity of the nervous system to adapt to changes (lesions)

What is stage 5 of recovery from a stroke?

More advanced movements possible

What is reflex testing for?

Differentiate UMN vs. LMN neuron involvement

What is stage 3 of recovery from a stroke?

Voluntary control with synergies and spasticity

What is motor recovery?

The reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury or disease

Schema can be defined as:

Set or rules, concepts or relationships formed on the basis of experience

What is the theory of motor learning motor recovery?

Movement science and cognitive psychology

What is the normal response for the babinski?

Curling the toes and plantarflexion

Which of the following are items of the neurological quick screening?

Reflexes, sensation, coordination, stance & gait, Mental status, CNs, motor function

What is a motor plan?

Idea for purposeful mvoement made up of components of motor programs

What is a task analysis?

Process of determining the structure of task or occupation

What is a motor program?

Abstract represent. that results in prod. of coordianted movement sequence

What are three basic features of neurological rehabilitation?

Intensity & timing of rehab, and task-specific training

What is motor control?

Underlying neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of motor control

Which of the following can be used to assess motor function?

Coordination of cerebellar & basal gangila functions, Gross test of large muscle groups with specific nerve roots

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Neuro Rehab Exam 1

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Questions 100

Answers

1
A practice sequence in which a variety of tasks are ordered randomly across trials
Blocked practice
Serial order
Blocked order
Random practice
2
What is stage 4 of recovery from a stroke?
limited cotrolled motions. Spasticity may decline
Voluntary control with synergies and spasticity
Extremities are flaccid
Minimal volitional control
3
Which nerve and spinal nerve root supply the biceps tendon reflex?
Radial; C6
Median/Ulnar; C8
Musculocutaneous; C5-6
Radial; C7
4
Which of the following are the limitations of neurofacilitation motor recovery?
Poor evidence of long-term outcomes
assumes strength translates to function
Few patient planning skills/correction strategies
Impairment focused
5
Which of the following is an example of a low interference practice schedule?
Random order of trials of all task variations
Serial order of trials of all task variations
serial repetition of short blocks of trials of each task variation
Nonrepeated blocks of trials of each task variation
6
Which nerve and spinal nerve root supply the achilles/ankle jerk (gastroc/soleus) tendon reflex?
Tibial; S1-2
Femoral; L3-4
Radial; C7
Median/Ulnar; C8
7
The PTD is usually more prominent than the medical diagnosis
True
False
8
What two tests can be done to assess coordination of cerebellar and basal ganglia function?
MMT & ROM
Heel to shin & MMT
Finger-to-nose & finger/toe tapping
Discriminative touch & saccades
9
Component parts of a task are practiced before practice of the whole task
Part/whole practice
Practice of lead-up activities
Mental practice
Transfer training
10
What are the limitations of muscle reeducation motor recovery?
Poor-evidence of long-term outcomes
De-emphasizes potentially effective non-functional tx
Impairment focused
Assumes strength translates to function & is therapist driven
11
Motor learning is a set of internal processes associated with feedback and practice.
True
False
12
With a positive babinski, there is inhibition from the UMN
False
True
13
What things are important to note when assessing sensation?
Test pt with EO, generally use sharp/dull touch
Asymmetry, test pt with EO, ask for them to answer "yes or no"
Symmetry, do things feel the same, use light touch, test pt w/ EC
Have patient describe what they feel in detail with EC
14
What are extrinsic constraints of dynamic systems?
Cognition, muscle force production
Biomechanical, psychological, and neuromuscular attributes
Environment, support system, etc.
Motor function
15
Low contextual interference stresses the patient's nervous system and learning
False
True
16
Exercise dependent plasticity includes all of the following:
"use it or lose it", use it & improve it
Stages of recovery
Specificity, repetition, intensity, salience, transference
Limiting or improving muscle control to take advantage of external forces
17
For PTD what are we evaluating?
Sensation
Impariments
Strength
Functional limitations
18
Which of the following is true about the medical diagnosis?
Usually unchanging over the course of tx
Only one diagnosis
May be one of multiple diagnoses
Relates directly to the damaged structure or pathological process
19
What is stage 2 of recovery from a stroke?
limited cotrolled motions. Spasticity may decline
Extremities are flaccid
Voluntary control with synergies and spasticity
Minimal volitional control
20
The babinski reflex can tell you if there are any problems with the ____.
PNS
CNS
Autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
21
How can you describe dynamic systems?
Intrinsic and extrinsic constraints function together for movement
Movement science and psychology
Multiple systems function together for movement
One system functions for movement
22
Neuroplasticity
Task-specific training
Health-care experts in movement
Variety of therapeutic interventions for those with physical disabilities
The capacity of the nervous system to adapt to changes (lesions)
23
What is stage 5 of recovery from a stroke?
Isolated movements possible with near normal coordination
Voluntary control with synergies and spasticity
More advanced movements possible
limited cotrolled motions. Spasticity may decline
24
What is reflex testing for?
Differentiate large muscle group involvement
Differentiate peripheral vs. autonomic nerve involvement
Differentiate UMN vs. LMN neuron involvement
Differentiate ascending motor tracts vs. spinal level response
25
What is stage 3 of recovery from a stroke?
Extremities are flaccid
limited cotrolled motions. Spasticity may decline
Voluntary control with synergies and spasticity
Minimal volitional control
26
A practice sequence organized around one task performed repeatedly, uninterrupted by practice of any other task
Blocked order
Blocked practice
Random practice
Serial order
27
With muscle reeducation we assume that there is ____.
Neurplasticity
Exercise-dependent plasticity
Degrees of freedom
Cognitive-dependent plasticity
28
What is motor recovery?
Idea for purposeful movement made up of components of motor programs
Set of rules, concepts or relationships formed on the basis of experience
Set of internal processes associated with feedback and practice
The reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury or disease
29
Schema can be defined as:
idea for purposeful movement made up of components of motor programs
reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury or disease
Set or rules, concepts or relationships formed on the basis of experience
Set of internal processes associated with feedback and practice
30
Muscle reeducation motor recovery focuses on:
Muscle physiology
Cognitive function
Balance and coordination
Reflexes
31
"feedback and practice influence type and degree of learning and changes in performance"
Systems theory
Motor learning theory
Programming theory
Cognitive stage of motor learning
32
What is the theory of motor learning motor recovery?
Muscle physiology
focus on postural control, reflexes & motor tone
relfex & hierarchical models of motor control
Movement science and cognitive psychology
33
Where within the 6 stages of recovery from a stroke does a PT see the patient?
Stage 4-6
Stage 1-4
Stage 3-6
Stage 1-3
34
What two tests can be used to assess stance & gait?
TUG and tandem walk
Rhomberg and tandem walk
Berg balance scale and functional reach
FGA and tandem walk
35
What is the normal response for the babinski?
Extending the toes and dorsiflexion
Curling the toes and plantarflexion
Curling the toes and dorsiflexion
Extending the toes and plantarflexion
36
Which of the following are items of the neurological quick screening?
Reflexes, sensation, coordination, stance & gait
Balance, peripheral nerves, motor programming
Mental status, CNs, motor function
Cognitive status, gait, cognitive function
37
A sequence of practice & rest times in which the rest time is much less than the practice time
Massed practice
Distributed practice
Blocked practice
Random practice
38
What is a motor plan?
Set of rules, concepts or relationships formed on the basis of experience
Set of internal processes associated with feedback and practice
Idea for purposeful mvoement made up of components of motor programs
Reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury
39
If you can't get a reflex, where is the problem most likely?
Brainstem
LMN
UMN
Spinal cord
40
If you get a reflex, but it won't relax, where is the problem most likely?
UMN
LMN
Brainstem
Spinal cord
41
"a motor program is initiated and produces coordinated movement sequences"
Cognitive stage of motor learning
Systems theory
Motor learning theory
Programming theory
42
What is stage 1 of recovery from a stroke?
limited cotrolled motions. Spasticity may decline
Minimal volitional control
Extremities are flaccid
Voluntary control with synergies and spasticity
43
A person post mobilization will have ____ reflexes
Intact/symmetrical
Diminished
Asymmetrical
No
44
A predictable and repeating order; practice of multiple tasks in the following order (123123123)
Blocked order
Serial order
Blocked practice
Random practice
45
What is a task analysis?
Set of rules, concepts or relationships formed on the basis of experience
Set of internal processes associated with feedback and practice
Process of determining the structure of task or occupation
How components of a task are interrelated or interdependent
46
What is a motor program?
Reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury or disease
Set of rules, concepts or relationships formed on the basis of experience
Abstract represent. that results in prod. of coordianted movement sequence
Idea for purposeful movement
47
What are three basic features of neurological rehabilitation?
Family-centered, moderate intensity exercise, and constraint-indeuced mvmt
Patient-centered, early use of vigorous exercise, specific training
Intensity & timing of rehab, and task-specific training
Constraint-induced movement, non-specific training, vigorous exercise
48
Which nerve and spinal nerve root supply the Triceps tendon reflex?
Musculocutaneous; C5-6
Radial; C7
Radial; C6
Median/Ulnar; C8
49
What is motor control?
Idea for purposeful movement made up of components of motor programs
Number of independent dimensions of movement that must be controlled
reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury or disease
Underlying neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of motor control
50
Which of the following can be used to assess motor function?
Microfilament and light touch testing
Dermatomal sensory screen
Coordination of cerebellar & basal gangila functions
Gross test of large muscle groups with specific nerve roots
51
With motor learning theory, we assume the use of _________.
Neurofaciliation
Dynamic systems
Neuroplasticity
Exercise-dependent plasticity
52
"motor function is result of series of interacting systems that contribute to different aspects of control"
Programming theory
Motor learning theory
Cognitive stage of motor learning
Systems theory
53
What is the theory behind neurofacilitation motor recovery?
Focus on postural control, reflexes and motor tone
Muscle physiology
Cognitive function
relfex & hierarchical models of motor control
54
A practice strategy in which performance of the motor task is imagined or visualized without overt physical practice
Transfer training
Mental practice
Part/whole practice
Practice of lead-up activities
55
Spaced practice intervals in which the practice time is equal to or less than the rest time
Blocked practice
Distributed practice
Massed practice
Random practice
56
The repeated practice of a task or group of tasks in order; three trials of task 1, three trials of task 2, etc.
Serial order
Blocked order
Blocked practice
Random practice
57
Muscle reeducation motor recovery features which of the following?
Verbal cues for contr./relax; emphasis on strength & isolated muscle groups
Sensory stimuli and manual touch
Task orientation
Compensatory movements
58
What two things are important for assessing stance & gait?
Slow speed and asymmetry
Asymmetry and fast speed
Fast speed and Symmetry
Symmetry and reasonable speed
59
Motor program closed loops are initiated consciously
False
True
60
Phasic stretch reflex include which of the following?
slow str., type Ia singaling, alpha motor neuron stimulated
quick str., type Ia signaling, alpha motor neuron stimulated
quick str., type IIa signaling, beta motor neuron stimulated
slow str., type IIa signaling, beta motor neuron stimulated
61
Which of the following accurately describes the PTD
Don't have great words for it
Has to do with the problem we are treating
Hypothesis driven
62
A person with nerve compression will have ____ reflexes
Asymmetrical
No
Intact/symmetrical
Diminished
63
Degrees of freedom
number of independent dimensions of movement that must be controlled
idea of purposeful movement made up of components
underlying neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of motor control
abstract representation that results in prod. of coordinated movement
64
What does motor learning motor recovery feature?
Patient driven; includes error detection & problem solving
task-oriented; compensatory movements viewed as part of learning
verbal cues for contract/relax
sensory stimuli & manual touch to alter motor tone; promotes "normal" mvmt
65
Which stage of the motor learning theory involves having to think about the task being performed?
Associative
Cognitive
Autonomous
Motor
66
Which of the following are the limitations of neurofacilitation motor recovery?
Few patient planning skills/correction strategies
assumes strength translates to function
Therapist driven
Developed with healthy individuals
67
Which of the following is an example of a high interference practice schedule?
Nonrepeated blocks of trials of each task variation
serial repetition of short blocks of trials of each task variation
Serial order of trials of all task variations
Random order of trials of all task variations
68
Which of the following are features of neurofacilitation motor recovery?
Emphasis on strength and isolated muscle groups
Sensory stimuli & manual touch to alter motor tone
Practice of normal movement patterns to avoid compensatory movements
Promotes "normal" movement; facilitation/inhibition
69
Which stage motor learning theory involves the person being able to do the whole task in any environment on their own
Associative
Cognitive
Motor
Autonomous
70
Spinal nerve root compression/damage will present unilaterally
True
False
71
What are the limitations of motor learning motor recovery?
Developed w/ healthy & minimally impaired individuals
assumes strength translates to function
deemphasizes potentially effective non-functional tx (strengthening/mobil.)
Therapist drivenl impairment focused; poor evidence of long-term outcomes
72
A motor programming open loop...
Influences the type and degree of learning and changes in perfomance
can be stored and initiated w/o input or feedback
Can be initiated via sensory input
Contributes to synergistic, coordinated & balanced movements
73
LMN are apart of the CNS
False
True
74
Spinal nerve root compression/damage is a LMN problem
False
True
75
practice promotes learning if it has all of the following:
Specificity to task, biomechanically specific, information processing
High intensity, low reps, non-specific, single tasks
Low reps, low intensity, nonrepeated blocks
Intensity, massed repetition, distributed blocks over time
76
Motor program open loops are initiated by choice
True
False
77
Which nerve and spinal nerve root supply the brachioradialis tendon reflex?
Median/Ulnar; C8
Radial; C6
Musculocutaneous; C5-6
Radial; C7
78
A motor programming closed loop...
can be stored and initiated w/o input or feedback
Contributes to synergistic, coordinated & balanced movements
Can be initiated via sensory input
Influences the type and degree of learning and changes in perfomance
79
What are the rhomberg and tandem walk testing?
Cerebrum and ventral column
Cerebrum and cerebellum
Balance and cerebellum
Cerebellum & dorsal column proprioception
80
What is stage 6 of recovery from a stroke?
limited cotrolled motions. Spasticity may decline
Isolated movements possible with near normal coordination
More advanced movements possible
Voluntary control with synergies and spasticity
81
Simpler task versions of the required complex task are practiced
Practice of lead-up activities
Part/whole practice
Transfer training
Mental practice
82
Which stage of the motor learning theory involves the ability to start putting two parts of the skill together
Cognitive
Motor
Associative
Autonomous
83
Deep tendon reflexes are..
a tonic stretch reflex
a slow stretch reflex
a phasic stretch reflex
reciprocal inhibition
84
The gain (or loss) in the capability of ask performance as a result of practice or experience on other tasks
Transfer training
Practice of lead-up activities
Mental practice
Part/whole practice
85
Which nerve and spinal nerve root supply the finger felxors tendon reflex?
Radial; C6
Median/Ulnar; C8
Musculocutaneous; C5-6
Radial; C7
86
Phasic stretch reflex is testing LMN primarily
True
False
87
What are some things you can assess for mental status?
Speech, vision, FOGS, orientation, gen. info, spelling simple words
Speech, sensation, long-term memory, spelling simple words
Gait, speech, sensation
Gait, short-term memory, spelling difficult words
88
What are instrinsic constraints of dynamic systems?
Biomechanical, psychological, and neuromuscular attributes
Environment, support system, etc.
Distance from PT clinic
Financial stability
89
What does high task organization indicate about the components?
They are relatively independent
They are relatively codependent
They are relatively dependent
They are relatively interrelated/interdependent
90
Out of the following diagnoses, which ones will have a positive babinski?
CVA
Parkinson's disease
L4-5 disc herniation with nerve root compression
Spinal cord tumor
91
Observe pt, determine suspected impairments, confirm them, identify participation limitations, implement interventions
Process of the evaluation
Process of the examination
Process of the pathology
Process of the neuro exam
92
How is the medical diagnosis used?
To assess severity of pathology
Tx, to develop CPGs, to refer out
Billing, to provide guidlines for maximum standard of care
Tx algorithms: decision making pathways, CPGs, referral patterns, billing
93
UMN are apart of the CNS
False
True
94
What does low task organization indicate about the components?
They are relatively dependent
They are relatively interrelated/interdependent
They are relatively independent
They are relatively codependent
95
Which nerve and spinal nerve root supply the quadriceps tendon reflex?
Tibial; S1-2
Radial; C7
Femoral; L3-4
Median/Ulnar; C8
96
A person with nerve loss after damage or surgery will have ____ reflexes
Diminished
Intact/symmetrical
No
Asymmetrical
97
Reflexes are only testing:
Primary motor cortex, LMNs, & extrafusal muscle fibers
One of the other two
Association motor cortex, cerebellum, vestibular, intrafusal muscle fibers
One of the other two
98
For diagnosis what are we evaluating?
Reflexes
Impairments
CNs
Functional limitations
99
What are the five stages of the temporal model for task analysis?
Initial conditions, initiation, execution, termination, outcomes
Initiation, execution, termination, outcomes
Initial conditions, preparation, initiation, execution, termination, outcom
Outcome, execution, termination, initiation
100
Brunnstrom's 6 stages of recovery from a stroke can also be applied to people with brain injuries
False
True

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