HGP 100 Final Review

Why is wind power NOT criticized?

large populations grow ______ small ones

What is the reuse of material and energy sources called?

____ cores and _____ peripheries exacerbate seperatist tendencies in peripheries

Movement over time sustained by social links/kinship/friends resulting in distinct areas

The 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development Report introduced what term?

Declining CBR, CDR already low, RNI falls

Geographers don't enjoy economic geography because

Who published Geographia Generalis?

Which disease is reported to be the greatest killer in history?

Those that apply for refugee status after leaving home are called?

Which technology helps monitor land use change?

CBR/CDR low and basically equal, RNI low ; pop. momentum has pop. increase- low fert., aging

Which is not a way urban hierarchies are ranked?

Cultural region associated with particular cultural group; strong emotion attached to place

What happened to populations once agricultural production improved

What is the sex ratio for males to females?

Refers to way of life of society members; refer to ability to analyze then change environment

One of most important urban planning tools; controls use of land and buildings

Focusing on what ought to be rather than what it is; seeking what is rational or optimal

Canada and Belgium are examples of

Urban fertility is usually _________ rural fertility

Theory of power based on state controlling area surrounding heartland held key to world power

The minimum number of people needed to support existence of particular economic function

Real extent used in absolute and relative forms

Which country's creation in 2011 was the first challenge to colonial boundaries?

Analysis of change treating each area separately in evolutionary matter; all areas autonomous

Those who flee their homes but remain in the country are referred to as?

Ghetto areas in cities and Aboriginal reserve lands in Canada/US are examples of

Which explanation of the world food problem has developed most recently?

Why is the north and south no longer able to be used?

Who published On The Origin of Species in 1859 and placed extinction of species into context?

Which one is a negative of hydropower?

Assimilation is part of ____ immigration policy, while acculturation is part of ___ immigration

Environmental friendly tourism; allows experience of distinctive ecosystem

Resolution levels used in research; size of area or time period covered, no. of people

What is smog (O₃) a result of?

When and where was the UN Conference on Human Environment held?

The International Energy Authority predicts an increase of how much in energy demand by 2030?

Which country is the happiest?

Which type of feminism contends gender differentiation is from inequality different than others

Why is it hard for countries to achieve industrial growth?

Which transportation system is made difficult/impossible by the topography?

Which is a positive of nuclear power?

Free migrations prompted by push-pull factors widely experienced by a group

Measure of satisfaction an individual derives from a location relative to their goals

What does not play a role in segregation?

Which is not a reason the 1977 UN Plan of Action was a failure in combating desertification?

Who tackled the problem of representing a sphere on a flat surface in 1569?

What do human geographers base their questions of identity on?

Which effect on international relationships requires condemnation?

When did the first Green party form?

In order for humans to be a force of nature, what must be true?

Which aspect of the City Beautiful movement had the most substansive outcome?

The number of males per _____ females in a population is a sex ratio

What is a consequence of urban/industrial activities that releases sulphur/nitrous oxides?

Why might biofuels do more harm than good?

How much of global energy needs could be supplied by renewable energy by 2050?

a part of city with internal homogenity; uniform income, ethnicity, reflect shared social value

When do people become concerned about environmental change?

What religion in Northern Ireland wants to join Ireland and separate from the UK?

Who popularized geopolitik?

a political unit with defined and internationally acknowledged boundaries

What aspect of forests is increasing?

Which is not a reason removing tropical rainforests is short-sighted?

Rejects rationality assumptions of economic operator model; objective to reach satisfaction

Name of place; evidence provided can be crucial in studies of movement/settlement

Which best describes the heartland theory?

The declining intensity of any pattern/process with increasing distance from given location

Rejects notions of impartiality; knowledge is not neutral, cannot be acquired in detached way

Which is not an example of a semi-periphery?

Concept based on likely importance of initial occupancy in determining later land uses

What is NOT an example of a high order service?

Maximum rent that a potential land user can be charged for using that land

Canada defines urban areas as any place with a population in excess of...

White (1984) tried to model which type of city?

What kind of location refers to arbitrary grid system; mathematically precise measurements?

The conception, production, dissemination and study of maps

Informal settlement in urban core; poverty, substandard housing, crime, lack of sanitation

What is a belief that a nation and state should be congruent; nation-state is natural pol. unit

Farmers want max leisure time, will only change to supply increasing pops- substinence

When did colonialism end?

The max population that can be supported given the resources and technology

Argues both world pop. and world economy may collapse from inadequate resources

What is the primary goal of zoning?

Which describes the attraction of tourists to religious landscape?

Violation of immigration laws, or because of policy changes or complexity of maintaining status

Which new attitude principle most clearly takes an ecocentric view?

Which does fire not do?

Which is not a level of entitlement?

What term was coined by World Commission on Environment+Development in 1987?

Sustainable development was not a key focus at what?

What transportation method is favoured for small-bulk high value products?

What is the maximum value of the HDI?

The characteristics of a particular area created through human activity

Which urban hearth area was located in Pakistan?

The RNI measures rate of pop. growth by subtracting...

North/South; parallels

What transportation method has reduced costs dramatically?

What were civilizations the consequence of?

How did empires begin primarily?

Which cause of desertification is hard to measure?

Political unit that contains one national group; gives it identity and defines its territory

Important node in global economy; dominant city in global hierarchy

By what percentage has human activity caused animal populations to decline?

interpretation of visual images to uncover symbolic meaning

The view that human activities are controlled by the physical environment

What is not a notable rate of change for populations?

What is the preferred terminology of UN, World Bank, Population Reference Bureau?

What is zone 2 of von Thunen's agricultural location theory?

Which effect is distance based?

Who wrote Geographia?

The multiple nuclei model by Harris and Ullman (1945) said centres could?

Why is the initial settlement period important in understanding cities' locations?

Which ideology sees human behaviour constrained by economic processes?

The number of years req. for the pop of an area to double its present size given current rate

What does the Anthropocene epoch imply?

Which contends that we know through experience; experience only what exists

Which theory proposes a core, semi-periphery and periphery?

"To describe and explain the world" is geography's

high status residential area with limited access; often surrounded by wall, fence, buffer zone

The world pop. is _____ but at a slowly ______ rate

What percentage of global water supplies does agriculture use?

deaths as a component of population change

Which type of African city includes mining towns?

The UN estimates 80% of the world lives in urban areas. What is this expected to rise to?

Who argued that hunger has nothing to do with production and everything to do with poverty?

Who argues that lowering trade barriers and investing capital in LD will help?

Which degree of homelessness is characterized by sleeping rough?

What is one way women are NOT isolated?

Which geographic tradition established by the Greeks was contributed to by Eratosthenes?

Forces that make it difficult to bind a nation together as an effective state

Who focused on the relationship between available resources and number of people?

Which part of the ecosystem is related to land?

What are the circular pathways of chemicals called?

Who described the world as flat regarding improved communications?

White's revised model of cities does not include which aspect?

Which group expanded maps past the local because of their mobilization?

Who studied geography as the influence of physical geography on humans AND human landscape?

Ideological preference and identity of researcher as they relate to research subjects

Difference between core city and its surrounding areas; moving from core to suburbs

Surplus income on unit of land above minimum income needed to bring a unit of new land

How much have global temperatures increased in the past 100 years?

When an ethnic group is absorbed into larger society and loses its identity

The maximum distance people are prepared to travel to obtain good/service

Who identified low lake levels as human impact and explained they were caused by deforestation?

Why is the CDR crude?

Which is not an economic attribute of a global city?

Who developed the grid system based on poles and equator?

Which is not a piece of technology that harnesses wind and water power?

Highest order settlements will be _____ in number, lowest order will be most ________

Location of a geographic fact with reference to broad spatial system of which it is a part

Which branch of humanism is the most important to human geographers?

advances in science/tech will continue to create sufficient resources for growing pop

Why do sex ratios vary with age?

Ford (1996) tried to model which city?

Concerned with the universal and the general

Why is the CBR crude?

Boundaries that are defined after an area has been settled are

When does something become a resource?

What TFR is considered replacement-level fertility?

Who formulated the concept of economic rent?

A decrease in the friction of distance between locations

Which variable affects spatial patterns of agriculture the most?

Who developed the world systems theory?

What problem does a country like China pose to measuring urban populations?

Which map shows the world divided by a body of water and is based off of scriptural dogma?

What was first calculated in 1995?

Change experienced by ind. over lifespans divided into stages with particular behaviours

What does the UN estimate the world population will be in 2050?

World Bank estimates that approximately ___people receive insufficient food to support activity

What does Wilson not believe about humans?

The centre of the city, usually characterized by high rise offices/residence and government

Cultures that are largely urban and embrace/seek change are

Which of these will not cause conflict regarding Arctic sovereignty?

Pattern of geographical facts within an area

Where is culture dominant?

Where is the hearth area of the culture?

Who contends the world's geography is critical to understanding spread of agriculture?

Which system lacks inputs and outputs?

Which aspect would Le Corbusier not want in his Cities of Towers?

Theory believing capitalism was the cause of poverty and a resource distribution problem exists

How did ebola spread so quickly?

Which country promises to wean off oil by 2020?

What was the only variable in the isolated state model by von Thunen?

LD countries have ___ rates of mortality/fertility and ___ rates of literacy/industrialization

What year was the first that children under 14 were outnumbered by people over 60?

By what fraction did the WWF claim biodiversity had plummeted in 2008?

How many countries were assessed as less developed in 2014?

What is measured by the Human Development Index?

What are farmers NOT motivated by?

Identified by the presence of a certain characteristic

What theory suggests some areas must remain undeveloped for others to prosper?

Who argued humans needed to develop an ecocentric view and recognize we are all connected?

Who created the heartland theory?

Endorses the right of ethnic groups to remain distinct

What does an ecocentric view focus most on?

What is the rank-size distribution equation?

Who argues we live in a semi-globalized world at best, and globalization is an exaggeration?

CDR decreases lots because of urbanizaation, RNI high; pop. growth rapid

Which country never ratified the Kyoto Protocol?

What is calculated with trade data, capital flow, info transmission and pop. movement?

What occurs when substances that degrade air, land and water are released into the environment?

Largest city in urban system, capital, dominates life, more than twice the size of next biggest

The tendency for high skill jobs to be located in MD world, while low skill industrial are LD

Which is a negative aspect of gentrification?

When people move from an unfavourable environment to a better one

What suggests that all of our behaviour aims to minimize effort?

The ____ the Gender Inequality Index value, the ___ the inequality

Cultures that survive in rural areas with distinct identities and resist change are

Maps of ____ areas are at _____ scale, while maps of _____ areas are at _____ scale

A centre of office and retail activities located on edge of large urban centre

Who formed the chorology approach combining special and general geography?

The concept that states are often unequally divided between cores and dependent peripheries

Why is the cycle of poverty criticized?

What kind of space is objective and exists in areal relations among phenomena?

Which term views globalization as a new age?

Largely unplanned expansion of an urban area into rural areas

Inner city urban neighbourhoods social change resulting from movement of higher income groups

Which strived to see change in human world if the facilities are no longer working to suit us?

What kind of space is perceptual, socially produced, and subject to continuous change?

Issues through which individuals give meaning to their lives is?

Which country posesses the essential characteristics of the isolated state?

The factors that explain people's ability to acquire food based on their power

American school of geography by Sauer; focuses on human made landscapes

Minerals and land that take a long time to form and are fixed in supply are referred to as?

Which belief deemed earth as a home for humans made by God?

Diamond proposed continent shapes are crucial because latitudinal (__) allows tech spread

Which resources regenerate within a human lifespan?

Which method refers to research with focus on attitudes, behaviour, and observation of humans?

Representation of age and sex comp. of population; younger at bottom and older at top

What does Collier argue leads to corrupt government?

Who distinguished between centrifugal and centripetal geopolitical forces?

Which von Thunen theory: the intensity of prod. decreases with increasing distance from market

Who believes the Earth is reaching but hasn't passed a point of no return?

Group members who see themselves as different because of common ancestry/shared culture

Theory of world power based on assumption of state controlling heartland held key to world dom.

Which refugee crisis was not caused by a division of a country?

what is the ideal shape of a hinterland?

Which theory is associated with quantitative methods and theory development; spatial analysis

Where are the majority of megacities located?

Who believed that humans inhabited the Earth to transform it?

What comprises a set of interacting/interdependent organisms and their environments?

What's the tendency for groups to assert their right to a state separate from the occupied one?

A body of theories explaining the distribution of economic activities

Which way is economic value transferred?

What is caused by a diet lacking food necessary for health?

Which approach views the scientific method as the most appropriate study?

Urban centre providing goods and services for the surrounding population

Which did Hagerstand NOT introduce?

Techniques used to acquire/record data from points not in contact with phenomena of interest

discriminatory practice identifying parts of city as high risk in terms of loans for property

What perspective is used to analyze environmental issues?

Who divided the world into one torrid, two temperate and two frigid zones?

When an ethnic group is absorbed into larger society while retaining distinct identity aspects

As people become richer, do they become happier?

Forces that pull an area together to create a relatively stable state

pop. growth continuing beyond the time of replacement fertillity being reached

Model of human behaviour where individual=rational; maximize return, minimize costs

What is required for economic growth to lead to a decline in environmental problems?

When was the Rio Earth Summit held?

As a result of ceased increase in MD, and rapid increase in LD, the world population....

Creating electoral districts of varying population size to benefit one party

How many regions is Canada divided into?

Global water shortages are unlikely because humans only use ____ of water in global water cycle

What does the world systems theory propose leads to dependency?

How many millenium development goals were identified and approved?

A region that comprises a set of linked locations

Do relative locations change?

Which was harder to calculate because there is no way to estimate time?

How much global energy consumption is caused by fossil fuels?

Why is globalization more common than national/regional/global forces nowadays?

Places/events carefully constructed for mass leisure and consumption

How are needs and wants satisfied?

How many km³ of water is readily available?

What was the 1997 Kyoto Protocol designed to do?

Condition in which society interprets interests in terms of the worldview of a dominant group

All aspects of human reproduction that lead to live births; live number of births by women

What led to the creation of the IMF and World Bank?

What is one way a loan is helpful?

Why is housing different from other commodities?

Why was the concentric model criticized?

The degree to which needs/wants of society are being satisfied

Homer Hoyt developed what model in 1939?

Who believed that global warming is inevitable but our intelligence will help us cope?

Depiction of world, ack. the impossibility to be exact of all depictions affected by researcher

How many people could use the 9 000 km³ of water that is readily available?

When the migrant has the choice to stay or move

Which is NOT a piece of technology used to monitor the environment?

Which theory centers on the relationship between dependence and underdevelopment?

Which is NOT a ranking of a global city?

What is the key issue to environmental preservation?

Which method is used by positivists, arguably removing humans from research?

What is NOT a social impact on fertility?

Ernest Burgess developed what zone model in 1925?

What view regards humans as central fact of world; stressing centrality of humans to detriment?

Where are pro-natalist policies typically found?

Which exploration factor was initiated by Prince Henry of Portugal?

Urban way of life; declining sense of community, increasing complex organization

What is the study of the importance of space in understanding international relationships?

The spread of a phenomenon over space and its growth through time

housing tend to experience being occupied by different income groups

Realigning electoral boundaries to benefit a particular party

What does not receive special status from religions?

Which is monotheistic,divided internally and known for diaspora?

Refers to any form of environmental protection

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees estimates ___ people have been forced to leave home

location; has acquired meaning as a context of human action

Can filtering go both upwards and downwards?

Where was the 2002 UN World Sustainable Development Summit held?

What is essential to combat ocean pollution?

Changes in tech, organization, ideology that permit relationships between humans+ environment

What equation determines change in population size when referring to fertility/mortality?

Ability of person to produce a live child; potential rather than actual number

The study of human populations

Internal homogenity, relatively distinct from other areas; intellectual creations

Any human change to an ecosystem usually________?

Discharged mental patients and homeless are examples of

What is not a reason refugees flee their homes?

Residential district in an urban area with conc. of particular ethnic group

Which is NOT an example of a binary urban system?

Legally incorporated self-governing unit; bigger size/importance than town or village

Which is going to be the first ecosystem completely erased by humans by 2100?

Which species reproduces less when they are fed?

What effect of oil extraction does not harm the environment?

How many megacities existed in 1950? How many exist now (2014)?

Who is considered the father of geography?

Which type of feminism links gender inequality to class?

What is voluntary segregation referred to as?

Who focused on anthropogeography/human geography?

Which branch of feminism was concerned with securing equal rights and opportunities for women?

Spread and growth of cities; increasing proportion of pop. living in urban areas

When did the urban population of the world exceed the rural for the first time?

Which is NOT a characteristic of a Chinese city?

When was geography formalized as an institutionalized academic discipline?

A concern for food and population imbalance describes what theory?

Does political globalization challenge the integrity of the individual state?

What is a country receiving refugees called?

Which argument is pro-globalization?

economic __________ leads to a __________ in environmental problems

Who claims the earth is entering a new evolutionary era with greatest mass extinction?

A map that uses lines to connect locations of equal data value

What is NOT an issue with data collection?

Which ideology is referred to as historical materialism?

If a population is declining, what shape will the population pyramid be?

What is the most common centripetal force?

a planned area of open, partially rural land surrounding urban area, where development restrict

Which model is parallel to the demographic transition model?

Slow growth, then exponential increase and leveling out at ceiling describes what growth model?

Which was an offshoot of Judaism, spread rapidly, divided, and is common in Western culture?

Which of these models was not developed by the Chicago school?

What term did Naess introduce in 1979?

The process by which humans acquire info about physical/social environments

Is land assigned to the most efficient use or the most profitable use?

What is NOT a reason geographers are interested in megacities?

Which ideology contends that human study can be objective?

Which of these introduced by Hagerstrand referred to diffusion to urban centres first?

when production/distribution are not contained by boundaries can we speak of ___ instead of ___

Who coined the term geopolitics?

Which way of water pollution is caused by animals and can result in oxygen depletion?

Which transportation system charged tolls for its users?

What was the key defeat for globalization according to Saul?

What do cities not include?

A pidgin language that assumes the status of a mother tongue for a group

If the doubling rate of 1.2 continues, the world population will double in ___ years

Why do people believe using GDP, GNP, GNI are inappropriate to measure wellbeing?

Theory that social life=explained by models; extends economic operator concept to other parts

What was the main goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987?

What caused permanent settlements to form?

How many languages exist?

Which of these is a pull factor?

A thematic map that uses color/shading to indicate density of particular phenomenon in area

the study of states as organism that choose to expand territory to fulfill destinies

concerned with the unique and particular

Which was the first universalizing religion, spread by monks, popular in Thailand and Burma?

What was not something Aristotle noted a relationship between?

A theory to explain spatial distribution of urban centres respecting size and function

What is not taken into account in the HDI?

Goods available freely or are provided by the state

Subordinate group seen by/contrasted to dominant groups; difference and inferiority

Which physical factor affects livestock the most?

What did deforestation not symbolize?

A planned settlement to combine urban/rural life, emphasizing space and quality of life

What are discussions of gender based on?

How thin is the ecosphere/biosphere?

What is the ultimate cause of hunger and famine?

How much has sea level risen in the past 100 years due to global warming?

Who studied geography as chorology?

Which is not a process of transportation evolution?

Which driving force also promotes a new lifestyle that changes the environment?

What is the simplest/most common measure of fertility?

Global politics do not make what more difficult?

existing language used as common means of communication between different language groups

Region identified on basis of perceptions held by people inside/outside region

Which geological epoch have we recently came out of?

Collection of ideas/practices concerned with challenging inequalities evident in landscape

Which relationship, described as a feedback, reinforces change?

Which of these describes lines that join points of equal time distance from a single location?

Spatial dimension of separation; fundamental concept in spatial analysis

Which suggests a division into core, semi-periphery, periphery; periphery depends on core?

Those that argue pop. increases and environment damage will lead to food shortage, disease, war

Institutions/organization through which state exercises power

Which of these is a push factor?

Who wrote Guide to Geography and mapped 8 000 places on a grid with coordinates?

What happens with increasing industrialization and urbanization to fertility?

Who developed the concept of an ecosystem?

What is a diet inadequate to sustain normal activity referred to as?

areas where there is a degree of homogeneity in cultural characteristics; similar landscapes

What is the most important change affecting human geography?

Spatial separation of population subgroups within wider urban population

Which is a way that value CANNOT be affected in a house?

Carrying capacity ____ static

Small voice given to migrant; related to actions of others who directly influence migration

What percent of languages does 96% of the world speak?

What replaced the ITO?

What type of language is designed to serve the purposes of commerce between dif groups?

location of geographic fact with reference to the immediate local environment

Who described globalization as a neoconservative ideology that failed to make the world better?

East/West; meridians

Which is NOT a category of urban land use?

The garden city movement by Ebenezer Howard did not include which aspect?

Collection of demographic + other data relating to all citizens of country at a given time

What was not a cause of the ozone hole?

The World Development Report categorizes countries by GNI per capita. What is the issue?

Which has no dogma, loose philosophy, polytheistic and developed Sikhism?

Which is related to Judaism and Christianity, Arabic, founded by Muhammed, shapes attitudes

Key point of entry to major geographic region for goods/people; several cultures absorbed