Cognitive (What do you THINK) characteristics of OCD

Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent

What is a marital skew?

One disturbed parent dominates the household

What is meant by Free will?

Not all behaviour is determined

Evidence for brain scanning, Primary recency effect provides evidence

What is central control?

Our ability to supress automatic responses

What was found in Tan's autopsy?

A lesion is the left frontal lobe

What does parsimonious mean?

Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions

In Harlow’s monkey experiment, he discovered that...

Cupboard love is essential for attachment, Nature and Nurture are equal when it comes to attachment

What is a strength of family dysfunction? (FA = Family atmosphere)

A correlation has been seen between schizophrenia and FA

What did Crossley find about the effects of atypical and typical drugs

There was no significant difference

Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction

What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?

Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex

What did Stern and McClintock investigate?

The effect of womens pheromones on other womens cycles

What didn't Fromm-Reichman suggest?

The was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic mother

The psychodynamic approach suggests that...

Identification with their same sex parent is vital

What did Kavanagh find?

3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family

Which definition best describes a Monotropic attachment?

A child can only form an attachment with one caregiver

Sherman and Strang found what when studying 36 studies of restorative justice

Reductions in reoffending rates

What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative

The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo

What did Farrington find in their longitudinal study? (LSA = low school achievement)

Key risk factors included: family criminality, povery, Risk factors included: Poor parenting LSA

What did Crossley find about the side effects?

Atypical drugs caused more weight gain, Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia

Cocurrent validity is when...

When results found are similar to previous ones obtained

Repression is the act of...

Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind

Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body

During thematic analysis researchers look for..

Re-occuring themes within the data

How was Adrian Babb discovered?

Because of how he treated his victims

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Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology

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Questions 610

Answers

1
Which of the following is a strength of the cognitive approach?
Could be due to demand characteristics
It is reductionist
Studies are reliable
Too artifical, due to lab expemiments
2
Cognitive (What do you THINK) characteristics of OCD
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
3
What is a weakness neural correlates
Non schizophrenics can also have enlarged ventricles
No cause and effect
All of the above
Lewis found no significant link
4
What is a marital skew?
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
One disturbed parent dominates the household
5
What is meant by Free will?
You are reduced to genes or the environment
Personal agency
All behaviour is determined
Not all behaviour is determined
6
Strength MSM
Role of rehearsal from STM to LTM had been criticised
Evidence for brain scanning
Over simplified
Primary recency effect provides evidence
7
What is central control?
Our ability to supress automatic responses
None of the above
Affects our ability to move
Affects our ability to speak
8
To improve the validity of a experiment a lie scale can be used
True
False
9
What is restorative justice?
Criminals making amends
Prison
Community service
Punishment
10
What was found in Tan's autopsy?
Damage to the brain
Cut corpus callosum
A lesion is the left frontal lobe
A lesion in the right frontal lobe
11
What does parsimonious mean?
Explaining something with the most possible assumptions
Not making any assumptions
Using only assumptions
Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions
12
Public agreement, private disagreement?
Normative
Compliance
Internalisation
identification
13
Repression is when anxiety impulses are redirected and displaced onto other appropriate targets
False
True
14
In Harlow’s monkey experiment, he discovered that...
Cupboard love is essential for attachment
Nature and Nurture are equal when it comes to attachment
Rhesus monkeys are smarter than the average human
15
What does a deterministic view show?
More than one view
Cause and effect
Some other psychological term
Holistic view
16
Which country maintains the highest percentage of secure attachments?
Japan
China
Mexico
Britain
17
Kohlberg investigated moral reasoning using 10 moral dilemmas
True
False
18
Cognitive psychologists compare our mental processes to that of computers
True
False
19
What is a strength of family dysfunction? (FA = Family atmosphere)
1% rates across cultures although EE varies quite a lot
1 child in a family may have it but not other, not explained
A correlation has been seen between schizophrenia and FA
Historically led to parent blaming
20
It is easy to collect data which is free from bias or personal interpretation
False
True
21
What did Crossley find about the effects of atypical and typical drugs
Typical drugs were more effective
Atypical drugs were more effective
There was no significant difference
Neither of the drugs were effective
22
Scientific laws are generalisable
True
False
23
Time sampling is when an observer records data at the time it happens
True
False
24
Inhibition is
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a postive reaction
Brain chemicals relseased from synaptic vesicles
25
What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?
There were no abnormalities
Schizophrenics had abnormalities I never the temporal lobes
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the frontal lobes
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
26
What did Stern and McClintock investigate?
The effect of womens pheromones on other womens cycles
If female sexual behaviour is linked to the menstrual cycle
Sleep stages
SAD
27
What didn't Fromm-Reichman suggest?
There was a warm and complacent father
There was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic father
There was a warm and complacent mother
The was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic mother
28
The psychodynamic approach suggests that...
Identification with their same sex parent is vital
Schemas of childhood experiences are critical
All children must go through the electra complex
29
Which of the following is a strength of token economy
There are ethical issues
Little rehabilitative value
There is passive token learning
Easy to implement
30
Official stats and other measures add up
False
True
31
Twins studies are inconclusive because...
Evidence of environmental influences as well as biological
All of the above
Small sample sizes
It is difficult to separate the nature/nurture debate
32
What is a Genotype
Brain structure
Environmental factors
Genetic makeup
Personality
33
What did Kavanagh find?
10 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
3.7 times less likely to relapse if they lived with family
Family was irrelevant
34
Ralph found that hamsters with an abnormality had a sleep wake cycle of
18 hours
23 hours
25 hours
20 hours
35
Children are born with limited schema that grow over time
True
False
36
Which definition best describes a Monotropic attachment?
A children can only form attachments in the critical period
A child can only form an attachment with one caregiver
When a child can form multiple attachments
A temporary attachment when away from the primary caregiver
37
If studies can't be replicated the findings will still be accepted
False
True
38
Sherman and Strang found what when studying 36 studies of restorative justice
Increase of reoffending rates
There was no difference in reoffending rates
Reductions in reoffending rates
All offenders reoffended
39
What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative
There was no difference
The drugs were more effective with p+n symptoms
The placebo was more effective than the drugs tested
The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo
40
What did Farrington find in their longitudinal study? (LSA = low school achievement)
Family had no effect
Key risk factors included: family criminality, povery
Risk factors included: Poor parenting LSA
It was purely biologcal
41
What did Crossley find about the side effects?
Atypical drugs caused more weight gain
Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia
The side effects were the same
There were no side effectives
42
The fight or flight response is within the
PNS
ANS
SNS
CNS
43
What did Copson find when looking at police opinions of offender profiling
14% said it assisted solving cases
All of the above
80% said it was useful
3% of the time they could identify the offender
44
Cocurrent validity is when...
When a study does not measure what it intends too
When results are not consistent over time to society
When results can be generalised outside of the experiment
When results found are similar to previous ones obtained
45
The three levels of moral reasoning are
All of the above
Conventional reasoning
Pre-conventional reasoning
Post-conventional reasoning
46
Repression is the act of...
Transferring a memory into the precocious mind
Displacing a memory
Denying an unpleasant memory
Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind
47
The sensory neurons
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Are found in our visual system
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Recieves messages from sensory neurons
48
What is operant conditioning
Learning through association
Learning through consequence
49
What is a schema?
Ideas formed by others
Unshared opinions
Mental or cognitive framework
Environmental factors
50
During thematic analysis researchers look for..
Facts and knowledge of the individual being studied
Already produced quantitative data
Re-occuring themes within the data
Specific elements which link to their behavioural categories
51
How was Adrian Babb discovered?
Forensic evidence
He was caught at the scene
Because of how he treated his victims
All of the above
52
Significance level does not determine whether a hypothesis is directional/non directional
False
True
53
Roughly how many children were placed in institutions after the banning of Romanian abortions?
10,000
100,000
101,000
110,000
54
The synchrony in the mentrual cycle found in studies could not be due to chance
True
False
55
What dimension did Eysenck add to the inventory alongside extroversion and neuroticism
Instability
Introversion
Psychoticism
Stability
56
What is a hypothesis
What the study is about
The procedure
A statement made at the beginning of the study (predication)
The aim of the study
57
In Mcarthy’s study which attachment type grew to maintain the best relationships
insecure - secure attachment
secure attachment
secure - resistent attachment
secure - avoidant attachment
58
What is metarepresentation?
The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour
The way people react to stimuli
All of th above
The cognitive ability to supress automatic responses
59
Classification is not simplistic
False
True
60
Behavioural categories need to be...
Spread out evenly
Time sampled
Operationalised
Known to the participant to reduced deception
61
Identify the male sex chromosomes
YX
XY
XX
XYY
62
Freud proposed 4 sections to the structure of personality
True
False
63
What does cognitive neuroscience study and explain?
Genes and chromosomes
Internal mental processes
Schemas
Cognitive processes and behaviour, brain mechanisms
64
Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?
May relate to power impalance, domestic abuse
A meeting may be emotional
It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all
Success may rely on the offender showing remorse
65
Androgyny refers to an individual who possesses a balance of both masculine and female hormones
True
False
66
Which definition best describes the attachment type insecure- avoidant?
Frequently maintains close proximity with mother
Demonstrates large amounts of stranger anxiety
Distressed when not in the presence of their mother
Shows no need for mother and no stranger/separation anxiety
67
Artificial light would have no effect on the biological rhythm
False
True
68
Some people who have hallucinations and delusions have normal levels of dopamine
True
False
69
Loftus and Palmer- which verbs were used as the two extremes in the leading questions?
Smashed and crashed
Smashed and contacted
Smashed and hit
smashed and bumped
70
SAD stands for seasonal anxiety disorder
True
False
71
Antipsychotics are best in low doses to control relapse rates
False
True
72
What else were the participants able to do?
Hear the objects
Put their hands through a gap and touch the objects
See the objects in front of them, not on the projection
Smell the objects
73
Which of these isn't a finding of Asch's study?
Distortion of hearing
75% conformed at least once
Less than 1% gave the wrong answer in the control
Distortion of perception
74
Studies have been criticised for having no exposure to light
True
False
75
Family dysfunction looks at the environment
True
False
76
Infants have the same sleep wake cycle as adults
False
True
77
What did Milgram's colleagues expect in his study using common sense?
Around 80% would give the 450V shock
That only 1% of participants would give the 450V shock
Everyone would give the 450V shock
No one would give the 450V shock
78
There is a problem in establishing causality with the dopamine hypothesis
False
True
79
Not in Becks negative triad- Negative views of...
world
Doggos
Self
future
80
What Units is STM measured in?
Second and minutes
Seconds
Minutes
Hours
81
Limitation of behavioural approach
Moerer's two process model gives insight into phobias
Scientific methods
Reductionist
Free Will
82
Bassett and Blanchard found benefits were lost when it was applied consistently
True
False
83
Schemas can hinder new information
True
False
84
What did Wang and Deutsch find when dopamine was induced in the brain of rats?
Physical impairments
No change
Cognitive impairments
Both physical and cognitive impairments
85
What did Stirling find when comparing 30 schizophrenics and 18 non patients in cognitive tasks?
Patients took ten times as long to name ink colours
Patients were three times faster at naming ink colours
Patients took over twice as long to name ink colours
Patients were just as good at naming ink colours
86
What did Suddath find when comparing MZ twins (one twin had schizophrenia)
The schizophrenic twin had a smaller bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had no bilateral hippocampus
There was no difference
The schizophrenic twin had a larger bilateral hippocampus
87
What monitors brainwave activity during sleep?
fMRI
ERP
PET
EEG
88
Which of these is a procedure point of Baddeley (1966)
One group recalled immediately one recalled after 20 mins
Ppts given 4 sets of words to learn (A,B,C and D)
Study tested LTM
One group Recalled after 2 days.
89
What did Short find in a questionnaire given to 176 school children
A correlation between delinquent beahviour and friends
All of the above
no correlation between deliquent behaviour and friends
Delinquent behaviour was low
90
Campbell found that shining light on what part of the body effected the sleep wake cycle
Back of the knees
Back of the neck
Back of the hands
Eyes
91
What is an exogenous zeitgeber?
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
External factors that entrain biological rhythms
92
Mixed results have been found
False
True
93
What is meant by axonal sprouting?
The equivalent area takes on its functions
Recruitment of homologous areas on the opposie side
The growth of new nerve endings to form new neural pathways
Reformation of blood vessels
94
The pineal gland releases serotonin
True
False
95
NICE does not recommend art therapy
True
False
96
The level of moral reasoning may depend of the offence
False
True
97
There is evidence for disorganised type but not organised
False
True
98
Gilroy Aim
Half given relaxation
Half also given desensitisation
75% successful treatment
Look at systematic desensitisation as a phobia treatment
99
Atypical antipsychotics bind to what receptors?
Just dopamine
Serotonin and dopamine
Dopamine, serotonin and glutamate
None
100
Some with Klienfelter's syndrome has poor language and reading skills
True
False
101
According to Meehl, what will happen under stress to someone with no predisposition?
It depends on the amount of stress
Under no circumstances will they develop the condition
They will still develop the condtion
They will implode
102
Identify another study which supports Bowbly’s internal working model
Harlow
Lorenz
Schaffer and Emerson
Bailey et al
103
What are ultradian rhythms?
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs once every 24 hours
104
What is a advantage of systematic sampling?
Reduces the chance of researcher bias
A smaller sample needed
Decreases the likelihood of demand characteristics
Reduces the chances of ethical issues
105
Which model supports the topic of the effect earlier attachments have on adult relationships?
Internal working model
External cognitive model
Working internal model
Schemas
106
CBT is based on the theory that patients can be helped by changing faulty cognitions
True
False
107
What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
Regulates calcium and phosphorous, promotes healthy bones
Triggers the fight or flight response
Produces male sex hormones
Helps the maintain healthy blood sugar levels
108
Why did participants recall more semantically dissimilar to semantically similar words?
When words have meaning they're easier to remember.
The words sound more alike
Words are stored separately
Words are distinguishable
109
The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
The CNS and ANS
The ANS and SNS
It's not divided
110
Freud's theory is known for having little supporting evidence
True
False
111
Assumptions of the humanist approach
Animal studies are helpful
Rejection of scientific method
Negative view of human nature
Importance of the experience of the individual
112
Statistical infrequency says behaviour is abnormal if it is rare or unusual
True
False
113
The pattern of offender is likely to form a square around their usual residence
False
True
114
Name a practical application made from this study
Contributes to the nature/nurture debate
Parents are able to stay with their children in hospitals
All of the above
Allows social workers to explain dysfunctional children
115
The central nervous system includes
Muscles
Organs
The brain and spinal cord
Tendons
116
The strategies are aimed at reducing stress levels and increasing compliance with medication
True
False
117
Boys go through the electra complex to identify with their father and oedipus complex for girls
False
True
118
The social learning theory is considered to be a 'developed theory'
False
True
119
Procedural memory example?
Riding a bike
Personal memories of events
Knowing the capital of England is London
120
What did Keen find when studying the progress of young offenders
SQUAD
They had increased awareness of their anger difficulties
There was no change
They had decreased awareness of their difficulties
121
Name the capacity or duration of STM
Short duration
Long duration
Limited capacity
Unlimited capacity
122
Aim of Asch's study?
Test conformity in a completely unambiguous situation
Line study
Look into obedience
Look into compliance vs identification
123
Not Stages of flooding
Crying probs lol
Immediate exposure
Initially destressed and anxious
Recognisess there is no need for their anxiety
124
Urbeg (1982) investigated character traits in stories with children aged 3-7. He found that...
Children assumed gender according to trait stereotypes
Children gave mixed answers about the characters gender
Children were unaware of differences between gender traits
125
What is an inference?
Conclusions about non observed processes
Conclusions on observed processes
Decisions
Hypothesis
126
Money and Erdhardt set up the case study of...
Bruce Reimer
Berlinda Reimer
Brad Riener
Brenda Ruemer
127
Interanal mental processes are influenced by our schema because
They keep information apart
They form all of our ideas
They help us to interpret and organise information
They do not help
128
The cognitive approach looks at internal mental processes
False
True
129
What animal did skinner use?
cats
Dogs
rats
NUGGETS
130
Percentage LTM recall of all 4 categories
AS:70% AD:70% SS:55% SD:85%
AS:70% AD:70% SS:85% SD:55%
131
There is supporting evidence from twin studies that GID can be inherited
False
True
132
Identify a criticism with the Internal working model
Good practical applications
Influence of demand characteristics
Deterministic
No supporting evidence
133
OCD is characterised by uncontrollable thoughts, coupled with a need to perfom acts repeatedly?
True
False
134
The interactionist approach is reductionist
True
False
135
What did Meyer-Lindenberg find?
Sufferers did well at reasoning but bad in memory tasks
Sufferers did well at memory but bad at reasoning tasks
Schizophrenics did well in both memory and reasoning tasks
Schizophrenics did worse in memory and reasoning tasks
136
Bowlby's study of 44 thieves supports this theory
True
False
137
Lashley's research supported what theory?
Localisation
Plasticity
138
Which type of determinism does this theory show?
Biological
Environmental
Nuggets
Psychic
139
Ellis's ABC model is a main technique in CBT
False
True
140
Systematic desensitisation is used to treat phobias?
False
True
141
Smith and Lyoyd found in their study that...
Boys/girls treated the same by adults minus assumed sex
Assumed baby genders were interacted with differently
Babies believed to be boys were treated like girls
142
Which of the following is a weakness of EEG
Does not pinpoint the exat source of neural activity
Contributed to understanding about of the stages of sleep
Has extremely high temporal resolution
Invaluable in the diagnosis of conditions like epilepsy
143
These models have been created and are known as 'artificial intelligence'
False
True
144
Aim of Zimbardos study?
Obedience
Conformity to an authority figure
Conformity
Conformity to social roles
145
Which of the following is not a side effect of lobotomies?
Better physical health
Eplilepsy
Major personality changes
Lethargy
146
Identify an advantage of Rutter and Soneua’s study
Small sample - Hard to generalise
Practical applications for the awareness of institutions
Cultural limitations
Lacks supporting evidence from other studies
147
Maslow stated we have a hierarchy of...
potential
needs
achievements
wants
148
Duration of STM
Two minutes to 80 years
Two minutes to forever
Up to ten years if never rehearsed
One minute to forever
149
What happened in the case of Phineas Gage?
His Wernickes area was damaged
His personality remained the same
His personality drastically changed
His Broca's area was damaged
150
Interactional Synchrony is when the behaviour between the baby and mother becomes...
Indiscriminate
Symmetrical
Synchronised
151
Defence mechanisms are used to...
To reduce anxiety when the ego is in conflict
To increase acknowledgement of the superego
To reduce anxiety in the ID
To bring us back into the conscious mind
152
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is changeable wheres gender is fixed
Gender is changeable whereas sex is fixed
They mean the same thing
153
What else did Sperry look at?
Damage to brain functions
Lateralisation of brain functions
Areas where functions are performed
Plasticity of brain functions
154
What did Read suggest?
Only genes effect the development of schizophrenia
Only the environment effects developmentfor the condition
Early+severe trauma alters the brain,vulnerable tostress
Early and severe trauma has no effect
155
What is a disadvantage of a covert observation?
Increases face validity of study
Reduced demand characteristics
Ethical issues of deception
More ecological validity
156
Sperry concluded what from his research?
All of the above
SB patients have 2 independant streams of consciousness
People with split brains have 2 separate visual inner worlds
The second hempishere is unaware of what the first is doing
157
The menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm
False
True
158
Which of these is not a Zimbardo procedure point?
Randomly allocated prisoner and guard
set up to a shock generator
Stanford uni mock prison
Dehumanising ppts and home arrests
159
The stages of sleep are not an example of an ultradian rhythm
False
True
160
Congential adrenal Hyperplasia is a condition where...
Men produce less testosterone
A child experiences high levels of male hormones
Women have no oestrogen during puberty
Men receive more oestrogen
161
Post even discussion is...?
Witnesses discuss what they've seen at an event after it
When there's more than one witness at an event
162
Which of the following is not an aim of custodial sentencing
Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution,
Institutionalisation, prisonisation
Rehabilitation, Stress and depression
Community orders, fines, discharges
163
What do cognitive explanations state about schizophrenia?
It is caused by a persons chromosomes
It is caused by dysfunctional though processes
It is aused by genes
It is caused by the family
164
What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?
Promity
The marauder - close proximity to their home/base
The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home
Distance
165
Type 1 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
166
Case studies tend to produce more of what type of data?
Ominous data
Quantitative data
Numinous data
Qualitative data
167
Participants undertook a variety of what type of tests?
Sensory
Auditory and tactile
Visual and tactile
Visual and auditory
168
Does Freud's theory support nature or nurture?
Both
Nature
Nurture
169
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
Finding what deviates from Jahodas criteria
Finding what deviates from Becks criteria
170
Which of the following is a strength of Lombrosso's research?
It included scientific racism
None of the above
Being rejected by society may be the cause
Poverty could be the actual cause
171
This kind of research is considered a field experiment
True
False
172
Treatment in the interactionist approach is holistic
False
True
173
Distortion of judgement
They believe their own perceptions are innacurate
Didnt understand the task
People who lack self confidence
174
What type of determinism is the cognitive approach to gender development?
Hard determinism
Minimum determinism
Biological determinism
Soft determinism
175
What did Patel find in the brains of schizophrenics?
Higher levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Higher levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Lower levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Lower levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
176
Who conducted a study into Dyads as a way of testing interactional Synchrony?
Schaffer and Emerson
Isabelle et al
Bowlby
Ainsworth
177
Research has shown their are many circadian rhythms in organs and cells?
False
True
178
The aim of family therapy is to reduce conflict and high emotion amongst families
False
True
179
Who conducted the study into Romanian orphans?
Rutter and Soneua
Bowlby and Bailey
Rutter
Lucas et al
180
What are the two main explanations within the learning theory of attachment?
Classical Conditioning
Evolutionary principle
Operant Conditioning
Biological explanation
181
Failure to function adequately is if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life
True
False
182
Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?
Children who observed a non aggressive model
Both groups
Neither
Children who observed an aggressive model
183
Which of these isn't a stage of minority social influence and social change
Snowball effect
SocIAL CHANGE
Augmentation principle
Consistency
184
A disadvantage of the test-retest technique is that ppt's opinions/views can change over time
False
True
185
What are the first two stages of attachment?
Multiple attachment and discriminate stage
Pre-attachment and indiscriminate stage
Interactional synchrony, periodic alert stage
Proximity and discriminate stage
186
Schonenberg found what when showing offenders emotionally ambiguous expressions
They percieved them as violent and hostile
They could not suggest an emotion
They percieved them as confused and afraid
They percieved them as friendly
187
In which case was geographical profiling successful?
Adrian Babb
John Duffy
Ted Bundy
None of the above
188
What did Siffre find in his study?
His sleep-wake cycle settled naturally at around 25 hours
His sleep-wake settled naturally at around 23 hours
His sleep-wake cycle continuously changed duration
189
What were the conditions in Ireland's study
One was a non treatment control
One took part in anger management
One took part in anger mangement
All of the above
190
Freud stated that girls have a weaker superego than boys
True
False
191
Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...
Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour
No difference was found
Rats rejected testosterone
Levels of oestrogen also increased with testosterone levels
192
Identify the common feature of the syndrome
Short statue
Failed to develop ovaries
All of the above
Higher than average verbal ability
193
Which of the following is an issue with drug therapies?
They are not a cure, they just treat symptoms
Drugs are chemical straitjackets
Patients may become dependent on drugs
All of the above
194
Milgram initial study aim?
To see if the Nazi soldiers were particularly obedient
See how state effects obedience
To look into the context of obedience
195
What does the diathesis stress model suggest?
Some people have a predisposition and stressors trigger it
A predisposition causes schizophrenia
Neither the enviroment or predisposition is accountable
The envionment causes schizophrenia
196
What does the revised dopamine hypothesis state? (PS = positive symptoms)
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the frontal lobes
PS are caused by a lack of dopamine
PS are caused by excess dopamine in subcortical areas
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the cerabellum
197
It is based on outdated theories of personality
True
False
198
What factors did Farrington find to be associated with criminal behaviour?
Good parenting and high school achievement
Low school attendance and poor parenting
Low school attendance and good parenting
Low school achievement+poor parenting
199
Which of these is true of STM
Rehearsal is not very important
Memories disappear unless rehearsed
Also called Episodic buffer
Sometimes called working memory
200
What is brain plasticity?
Lost functions are taken over by other areas of the brain
Functions can only be done in one area of the brain
201
The biological approach is reductionist
True
False
202
The Psychodynamic approach states that our childhood experiences highly impact our adult life
True
False
203
What did Chadwick find when studying Nigel?
He did in fact have powers
There was no change in his thoughts
He was a wizard
He did not in fact have powers
204
Does a correlation measure cause and effect?
Yaaaas
No
205
Which topic has been argued to be scientific?
Psychodynamic
Biological
Behaviourism
Cognitive
206
Which of the following is a strength of offender surveys?
Focus is on juvenile rather than adult crime
Some types of crimes are overrepresented
They are not reliable, people may lie
They show victimless crimes
207
Rosenham and seligman-which one is a characteristic?
Violation of moral standards
predictability
Suffering
Maldaptive behaviour
208
Negative Reinforcement is?
Negative consequence to behaviour
Reward when certain behaviour is performed
You avoid something unpleasant
209
What animal did Pavlov use?
Birds
Dogs
Horses
Rats
210
What is the chromosome pattern for someone who has Klienfelter's syndrome?
XO
YXX
XXX
XXY
211
Who proposed the stages of attachment?
Schaffer and Emerson
Bailey et al
Loftus and Palmer
Milgram lad
212
Diamond's study cannot be used as supporting evidence because...
Lacks internal validity
Deception issues
Cultural bias
Animal studies cannot be applied to humans
213
Amphetamines don't stimulate nerve cells and decrease dopamine activity
True
False
214
There was 28 trials overall
True
False
215
Identify the four mediational processes outlined in the SL theory
Attention, retention, reproduction and modification
Motivation, attendance, retention and reproductism
Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation
Affection, reduction, reproduction and motivation
216
Empirical data is collected through experiment or experience
True
False
217
When is CBT not effective?
When it is alongside drig treatments
When the patient has a good understanding
When the patient has a clear insight
When the patients condition is too severe
218
Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
repetitive responses to neutralise these obsessions
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
219
What Experiment shows classical conditioning of pphobias
lil pete
Lil Trevor
lil John
Lil albert
220
Behaviourist strengths
Lab experiment so lots of control
Deterministic as it ignores biology
Stimulus/response reductionism
Studies only done on animals
221
A phobia is an adaptive fear
True
False
222
Melatonin is thought to be implicated in SAD
True
False
223
Who found that the menstrual cycle can be effected by exogenous cues?
Adams
Russell
224
Distortion of action
Conform to avoid being different
ISI
NSI
Believe they are seeing it wrong
225
A neurotransmitter is
Something that triggers the release of chemical mesages
Tiny sacks
Brain chemicals that carry messages from 1neuron to another
A tiny gap between neurons
226
Turner Syndrome suffers have a XO chromosome pattern
False
True
227
Which conditions showed a significant reduction of symptoms after 18months
Control and milieu
Social learning and control
Social learning and milieu
All three
228
What did Neufeld find when comparing cognitive processes in sufferers and non sufferers?
Sufferers didn't take as long to encode stimuli
Sufferers showed short term memory problems
Sufferers showed long term memory problems
Sufferers took longer to encode stimuli
229
What clues may be used for recognition
The time
The choice of victim
All of the above
The location
230
Why was Risperidone developed?
Same effecitveness as Cloropromazine
To battle different symptoms
Same effectiveness as Clozapine, less severe side effects
All of the above
231
First section of the Multi store Model is Called the sensory register?
False
True
232
What advantage did Smith Institute find about the restorative justice program?
All of the above
Decreased cost
Criminals and victims were more satisfied
Reduced post traumatic stress
233
Why did lobotomies fall out of common use?
Drug development
They didn't
They were too dangerous
They become less effective
234
What is a Phenotype
Brain structure
Environmental factors
Genetic makeup
Personality
235
Why is immediate recall likely to be better with acoustically dissimilar words?
They sound the same
Easier to distinguish words from each other
They have the same meaning
Less likely to guess at words
236
What are victim surveys?
Victims give details of crimes that happened to them
All of the above
People share what they have witnessed
Offenders tell what they have done to others
237
Sperry's research demonstrated lateralised brain functions
False
True
238
What does an EEG allow?
Events can be isolated through statistical analysis
Detect which areas of the brain are active
Diagnosis of certain conditions of the brain
Observed behaviour to be linked to abnormalities
239
Which is not an assumption of the cognitive approach?
Behaviour is manipulated through internal mental processes
The mind works in a similar way to a computer
Internal processes are not effected by schema
Internal processes can be investigated scientifically
240
Which of the following is a strength of Freud's theory
They are deterministic
Many who don't have a same sex parent aren't criminals
Plausable reason for crimes that have no poosible reason
Some crimes aren't caused by irrational ID behaviour
241
Distortion of perception Asch?
Didnt know what to do
Couldn't see properly
Mandela effect
Believed the majority was correct
242
Type 2 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Negative symptoms
Positive symptoms
243
What fraction of patients stop taking antipsychotics because of the side effects
2/3
4/6
4/5
2/4
244
What does this suggest?
No cause
Different causes
They are different conditions
The same cause
245
Issues with classification and diagnosis
Ethnocentric
Emic constructs
Co-morbidity
Imposed etic
246
There are problems with adoption studies
True
False
247
What did Palmer find when studying 210 female non offenders and 126 female offenders
Delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Non delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed no moral reasoning
Delinquents showed more mature moral reasoning
248
The learning theory suggests that attachment is primary drive
False
True
249
What did Godwin and Canter find?
27% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
85% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
55% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
10% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
250
Which is not a mediational process?
Motivation
Attention
Repoductted
Retention
251
What gland releases ACTH?
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
252
Around what percentage of the population have schizophrenia?
4%
1%
8%
2%
253
Official statistics are a way of measuring crime
True
False
254
What do neural correlations suggest?
People with APD show normal APD patterns
People with APD show abnormal EEG patterns
None of the above
People with APD show normal EEG patterns
255
What did Allyon and Azrin do when testing token economy on female patients?
Gave no tokens
Gave tokens for good behaviour and took them away for bad
Gave tokens for bad behaviour and took them away for good
Gave tokens for good and bad behaviour
256
Srength of Asch's study?
This study is a paradigm for conformity
Biased sample-ethnocentric
Very cost effective
Child of its time-McCarthyism Perrin and Spencer
257
What age does separation anxiety normally develop in infants?
6-8 months
From birth to 3 months
2- 10 months
8-9 months
258
Which is the best statistical test to use for correlations?
All of the above
Spearman's Rho
Chi- squared
Pearson's
259
Token economy studies rarely have a control group
True
False
260
What is meant by a circadian rhythm?
A cycle that repeats every 24 hours
A cycle that repeats every 18 hours
A cycle that repeats every 15 hours
A continuous cycle
261
Which of the following is a strength of token economies?
They do not treat positive symptoms
They are time consuming
They do not have side effects, like drug treatments do
Patient's behaviour may be superficial
262
Strengths of Zimbardo study
Lack of replication
prisoners and guards randomly allocated
Very ethical
Zimbardo both observed and partook
263
Hostile attribution bias is believing others are out to get them
False
True
264
Strength of failure to function adequately
Everyday life varies
Abnormality does not always stop the person functioning
This definition is focused on the individual
Measurable
265
In which state of mind did Freud suggest our behaviour is determined the most?
Uncontinuous mind
Unconscious mind
Conscious mind
Sub-conscious mind
266
How many participants were there in asch's study?
9
8
7
1
267
Motor neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors
Are found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Information from the environment is sent from eyes, ears ect
268
Bem carried out a study into...
Gender neutral children
Intersex twins
Measuring Androgyny with various gender characteristics
50 transgender children under the age of 15
269
Identify the name of the study carried out by Bowlby into maternal deprivation
44 affection less psychopaths
44 juvenile thieves
44 Chicken nugget thieves
40 juvenile thugs
270
What are the two types of offender?
Tidy and messy
Organised and disorganised
Tidy and disorganised
Organised and messy
271
Miles research supports biological rhythms
True
False
272
Which type of attachment is most likely to demonstrate Interactional Synchrony?
Avoidant insecure children
Deprived children
Insecure resistant children
Securely attached children
273
What are four categories of defining crime?
Futuristic, culture, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, reason
Historical, culture, politics, intent
274
An important theoretical model is based on what?
Influences
Cognitive functions
Memory
Information processing
275
Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?
Paved the way for the development of cognitive neuroscience
Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes
Uses objective and observable techniques
Led to the development of drug treatments
276
Damage to the Broca's area leads to what?
Speech to be incoherent
Speech to be slow and laborious
Limited reading skills
277
What did Folkard's study show?
Our circadian rhythm cannot be easily overridden
Our circadian rhythm can be easily overridden
278
He used his finding to develop how many stages of moral reasoning?
2
9
6
12
279
What is the correct order of the Psycho- Sexual stages?
Phallic, oral, anal, latent and genital
Anal, genital, oral, phallic and latent
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
Oral, anal, phallic, genital and latent
280
Which isnt a component of the WMM
Episodic buffer
Central executive
Phonological loop
Processor
281
Which of the following is a strength of custodial sentences
Opportunities for training and training
Psychological harm may be done in prison
Stigma is involved
They may be universities for crime
282
What could result from an inability to supress automatic responses?
Inability to move
Disorganised speech and thought disorders
No change
Failure to perform everyday functions
283
What is a reason for the psychodynamic approach not being scientific?
Good explanatory poower but lacks understanding
It's completely unscientific
Covers all areas needed
Good explanations and understanding but lacks in other areas
284
What are the different types of experimental methods?
NUGGETS
Lab, field, natural and quasi
Lab, matched pairs, independent groups, quasi
Independent groups, matched pairs, repeated measures
285
How have high levels of D2 receptors been recognised?
Post mortems and PET scans
PET and MRI scans
Post mortems and MRI scans
They haven't been recognised
286
What is the main form of treatment for schizophrenia?
Psychological treatment
Drugs
287
What a marital schism?
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
One disturbed parent dominates the household
288
There is counter evidence from Tricher implying that testosterone does not effect aggression
True
False
289
What did Eysenck and Eysenck find when studying 2070 male prisoners and 2422 male controls
Prisoners only scored higher on P
Prisoners scored higher on P, E and N
Prisoners scored higher on E and N
Prisoners scored higher on P and N
290
Tony Mobley tried to use a criminal gene as a defence
True
False
291
The axon of the neuron
Carries the electical impulses away from the cell body
Contains the genetic material of the cell
Communicates with the dendrites of other neurons
Are gaps in the myelin sheath
292
Which country possess the most insecure avoidant attachments?
Narnia
China
Madagascar
Germany
293
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an organised offender?
Covers tracks
Lives alone
Leaves fewer clues
Skilled job
294
Blackburn suggested three types of superego that may cause offending, these are
Weak, denial and over-harsh
Strong, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, deviant, over-soft
295
Stength of statistical infrequency
The statistical approach helps to set specific cut off point
The decision of where to start classification is arbitrary
no distinguishing between good and undesirable behaviour.
Many rare behaviours don't effect abnormality
296
The bottom up approach cannot be used in real life
False
True
297
Findings not from Zimbardo
450v
6 day study instead of 14
Guards took to their roles with more vigour than prisoners
At day two prisoners started ripping off their numbers
298
Procedure points Jacobs (1887)
Ppts remembered a list of digits to repeat back in order
Ppts remembered 5-9 words depending on IQ
Ppts recalled digits in any order
ppts remembered a list to repeat backwards
299
Ainsworth's study demonstrates good reliability as an observation
True
False
300
Campbell stated that profiles are vague and ambiguous
True
False
301
Which country maintains the lowest percentage of insecure resistant attachments?
Germany
Britain
Israel
China
302
Tarrier found what when studying medication+CBT,medication+supportive counselling and a control
Combination showed higher symptom levels
Combination groups showed lower symptom levels
One combination group showed reduced symptom levels
There was no difference
303
Research into biological rhythms are deterministic
False
True
304
Miller findings...
7+/-2 chunked pieces can be held
"Magic number 7" (7+/-2 items in STM)
All of the above
Chunking into meaningful understanding can increase capacity
305
An fMRI scan is
The brain is ananlysed after death
A record of the tiny electrical impulses
Brain's response to specific sensory/cognitive/motor events
A method used to measure brain activity during tasks
306
What types of behaviours do behaviourists test?
Objective non observable behaviour
Objective observable behaviour
Subjective non observable behaviour
Subjective observable behaviour
307
Outline the typical male stereotype
Loves shopping
Solves argument with silent treatment
Commitment phobic
Takes care of children
308
Why was this study accused of researcher bias?
Findings were quantitative data only
Other researchers were jealous
Lacks internal validity
Bowlby conducted the experiment himself - fixed results
309
What did Canter and Heritage find when looking at 66 sexual assault cases
Personal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Personal language and a reaction to the victim
Impersonal language but a reaction to the victim
310
What is the bottom up approach?
Analysis of the time
Analysis of the loaction
Analysis of evidence at the crime scene
Analysis of the victim
311
Humanistic Approach is...
Reductionist
Nomothetic
Holistic
Idiographic
312
What is declarative memory?
Events
Facts and knowledge
Knowing how
Knowing that
313
What is the top down approach?
Analysis of the crime scene, the victim+ existing knowledge
Analysis just of the victim
None of the above
Analysis of the location
314
Testosterone is responsible for increased aggression in men
False
True
315
What did Yochelson find in their longitudinal study?
52 thinking patterns were found to be common
No common thinking patterns were found
2 common thinking patterns were found
88 common thinking patterns were found
316
Identity the main problem with using case studies to support theories
Demand characteristics from participants
Results cannot be generalised due to small sample
The lack of qualitative data
Studies often lack internal validity
317
Only about 25% of crimes are included in official figures
False
True
318
What is an effective way of entraining circadian rhythms
Using local times for bedtimes
Responding to ones feelings of hunger and fatigue
Nothing
Using local time s for meal times
319
The circadian rhythms begin at what age?
12 weeks
Straight away
6 weeks
1 year
320
Oestrogen is responsible for mood swings, emotional outbursts and irritability in women
True
False
321
Relay neurons
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Recieve messages from sensory neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
322
Who conducted the study focused on the brain of London taxi drivers?
Sperry
Maguire
Mechelli
Draganski
323
The right hemisphere was considered the analyser
True
False
324
What is a strength of an fMRI scan?
Only captures a clear image if the patient isperfectly still
Can only measure blood flow in the brain
Does not rely on the use of radiation
Difficult to tell what kind of activity is being represented
325
What did Butzlaff find in his study?
90% relapse rates in high EE families,20% in low EE families
30% relapse rates in high EE families,70% in low EE families
70% relapse rates in high EE families,30% in low EE families
There was no difference in relapse rates
326
There is an evolutionary basis in the menstrual cycle
False
True
327
What kind of information were the participants presented with?
Auditory
Visual
328
In most people, the Broca's and Wernickes areas are found in which hemisphere?
Left
Right
329
Cognitive approach suggests criminals may have different thinking patterns
True
False
330
What is the effect of dysfunction in metarepresentation?
Being unable to do anything
Not being able to control what we are doing
Disorganised speech and thoughts
Disrupt our ability to recognise what we are doing
331
The way we behave is used to make what about what is happening in our brains?
Schemas
Hypothesis
Inferences
Decisions
332
behavioural characteristics of OCD
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent.
repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions
333
What did Canter find from data from 100 murderers?
There was a subset of characteristics for boh
There was a subset of organised but not disorganised
Organised and disorganised classification worked
There was a subset of disorganised byt not organised
334
It has been seen that in some cases both hemispheres can perform the same task
True
False
335
Why is Freud's theory deterministic?
It rejects the idea of free will
Demonstrates multiple ethical issues
It only supports the nurture debate
It does not take other theories into consideration
336
Bowlby’s evolutionary principle states that attachment is innate due to the desire to survive
False
True
337
Community care is inadequate as people need close supervision for compliance with medication
False
True
338
Sperry's study used highly specialised and standardised procedures?
False
True
339
A child can only form and attachment bond to a single-caregiver
True
False
340
Classical conditioning is...?
Learning through consequence
Learning through association
341
What recognises a stressor and activates the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Adrenal gland
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
342
What did the Tan case study show?
That there was no Broca's area
Certain functions can be localised to specific areas
Different areas can peform the same function
343
The explanation of Klienfeltler's and turner's syndrome lack validity due to...
The way they are treated by others may influence behaviour
Demand characteristics from those studied
Poor external validity
Lack of supporting evidence from other studies
344
The Parietal lobe is where what is located?
Our awareness or consciousness
Auditiory processing and memory
Vision
Sensory and motor movements
345
What is misleading information?
Post event discussion
Leading information said to witnesses usually after an event
Leading questions
All of the above
346
What is recidivism
Token ecomony
Not reoffending
Prison capacity
Refers to reoffending
347
What are offender surveys?
Offenders reveal number and types of crimes theyve committed
Offenders give a number of crimes they've witnessed
Victims reveal what has happened to them
People give details of crimes they've witnessed
348
There is an underrepresentation of some crimes
False
True
349
What uses did Wolfgang suggest for official statistics?
To find where crime is more common
Effectiveness of preventative measures, for policy decisions
Measure the volume of crime, detect changes in crime rates
All of the above
350
What were the conditions in Paul and Lentz's study?
Milieu therapy ward - patients treated as normal, not ill
Social learning ward - token economy
The control ward - drug treatment
All three
351
Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?
Established links between language, brain and behaviour
Observed damage may be due to unrelated trauma or decay
Raise ethical issues for consent
They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis
352
Does Freud's theory support nature or nature?
Nurture
Nature
Both
Neither
353
What did Lombrosso suggest about offenders?
They displayed characteristics suitable for primitve times
All of the above
They were incapable of distinguishing right from wrong
They could be identified using their characteristics
354
Many of the participants had only recently had their surgery
False
True
355
What does 0.01 level of significance mean in terms of probability?
Findings are 100% due to chance
Findings are 1% due to chance
Findings are 10% due to chance
356
The biological approach is deterministic
False
True
357
Which of the following definitions best suits the term Opportunity sampling?
Identifying different groups and random sampling for %'s
Selecting participants who are available at the time
Participants volunteer through adverts to take part
Giving participants a number and drawing from a hat
358
Which of the following is a limitation of Eysenck's research
All of the above
There is a cultural bias
It can be an exampe of biological determinism
Only one personality type is said to cause offening
359
How many strategies did Pharaoh find to improve family functioning?
4
7
0
19
360
The evidence for family therapy is strong
False
True
361
Which of the following assumptions is true of the biological approach
All behaviour has a physical cause
All of the above
Behaviour is explained through chemical imbalances
Behaviour has a genetic link and is inherited
362
What does the dopamine hypothesis state?
Excess dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia
Too little dopamine causes symptoms of schizophrenia
There is no dopamine which causes schizophrenia
None of the above
363
What is a paradigm?
Assumptions
Facts of behaviour
A shared set of assumptions
A set of assumptions that are not shared
364
To carry out the mean for a set of data, you subtract the lowest score from the highest score
True
False
365
The US topologies are based in small samples
True
False
366
What was found in Farrington and Dowds?
Figures are difference anywhere
Some crimes aren't reported
Figures r higher in places becaise of how crime is recorded
All crime is recorded the same
367
Findings of Baddeley
Immediate recall remembered more AD words than AS words.
Immediate recall remembered more AS words than AD words.
20 minute recall remembered more SD to SS
20 minute recall remembered more SS to SD
368
What are the three types of biological rhythms?
Intradian, Circadian, Ultradien
Systematic, Circadian, Ultradian
Systematic, Circadian, Infradian
Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian
369
Desynchronization has a large effect on shift workers
True
False
370
How many participant were used in Sperry's research?
11
80
110
24
371
Gender is a psychological term referring to roles/attitudes and behaviour associated with sexes
False
True
372
Peterson found in brain scans that the Wernicke's area was active during listening tasks?
True
False
373
When stimuli was presented to the LVF the participant could point to a matching picture
True
False
374
Animal studies can be generalised humans?
False
True
375
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the corpus callosum
True
False
376
Which of these is not a Milgram procedure point?
Drew fixed lots
Introduced to Mr Wallace
Set up a prison in Stanford university
Advertised in the newspaper
377
What did Brown find? (rr = remission rates)
Family was irrelevant
Patients had higher rr when there was no contact with family
Patients had lower rr when there was no contact with family
Family contact had no effect on remission rates
378
What concordance rates did Lange find in MZ and DZ twins?
50% MZ and 36% DZ
83% MZ and 8% DZ
77% MZ and 12% DZ
100% MZ and 50% DZ
379
A physical characteristic of the syndrome is...
Under developed genitals
Reduced breast growth
Increased body hair
Webbed neck
380
There are peak times when drugs are likely to be more effective
True
False
381
Why do women produce more Oxytocin than men?
Women have menstrual cycle and men do not
Childbirth purposes such as lactation
It is produced in women due to chemical imbalances
Women have a choice to receive more oxytocin when pregnant
382
What is the following is a weakness of anger management
Most may count for little when put in certain situations
More likely to lead to permanant change
Acknowledges that offending is complex
They are expensive to run
383
We have a conscious mind, a subconscious mind and a unconscious mind
False
True
384
Findings not from Milgram
6% sent to 400v
65% went to 450v
3 had seizures
100% went to 300v
385
What is not a side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
Development of diabetes and high cholesterol
A fatal blood disease
Tardive dyskinesia
Excessive weight gain
386
Who did Heston study?
Adopted children who's biological mother had schizophrenia
Non adopted children who's mother had schizophrenia
387
What didn't Houston find?
Childhood sexual trauma was a vulnerability
Genes were the main factor
All of the above
There were no specific vulnerabilities
388
The dopamine hypothesis I shall reductionist and deterministic
False
Literally everything psychology is lol
True
389
Reasons to resist conforming
Locus of control
Cats
Willpower
Social support
390
Strengths of deviation from ideal mental health
A person may be happy with their situation
Most definitions of abnormality are devised by men
It is practically impossible for any individual to achieve
Positive approach looking at what to add
391
What is the second stage of the Psycho-Sexual stages?
Anal stage
Oral stage
Phallic stage
Latent stage
392
Candidate genes have not been found for offender behaviour
False
True
393
What does chlorpromazine do?
Blocks post synaptic receptor sites
Blocks pre synaptic sites
Things and stuff
Nothing
394
Any theory that values free will cannot be scientific
True
False
395
Brain sex theory demonstrates...
Biological reductionism
Biological determinism
Mechanical determinism
Cognitive reductionism
396
The top down approach only applies to particular crimes
False
True
397
The bottom up approach is more scientific than the top down approach
False
True
398
What was Broca's famous case study?
Tin
Tan
Ton
Ten
399
When shown to which visual field, the participants could describe the object with language
Right visual field
Left visual field
400
Which of the following is a strength of CBT
Only participants that have self-awareness can participate
Kuipers found a 40% reduction in severity of symptoms
Patients become dependant on a therapies
There are high dropout rates due to intensity
401
which isn't a stage of systematic desensitisation
Flooding
Anxiety Hierarchy
Relaxation
Exposure
402
STM coding, capacity. Duration respectively
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
Semantic, unlimited. lifetime
403
Identification is public and private agreement?
No
While you are around the group influencing your views
yes, forever
Yes but only short term
404
What is the dark figure of crime?
Petty crimes
All crimes
More serious crimes
Crimes that go unreported
405
Identify the two ways interviews could become more reliable
Maintain standardised procedures and reduce ethical issues
Avoid leading questions and researchers should have training
Operationalise behaviour categories + use leading questions
406
Identify the main problem with Lorenz's study
Demand characteristics
Ethical issues
Lacks ecological validity
Cannot be generalised to humans
407
Extraverts have an underactive nervous system
False
True
408
It states the human mind uses coding to change, input and store Satan to then retrieve it later
False
True
409
For the SD of a set of scores, if there is a larger dispersion of scores the results are...
Closer to the mean
Non of the above
Exactly the same as the mean
Further away from the mean
410
It is not exclusive to those from deprived backgrounds
False
True
411
What details can be matched on a database?
Personal history and family background
All of the above
Location, place of birth
Age and sex
412
What was Bedlam known for?
Good treatment of the mentally ill
Better drug treatments
Ill-treatment of the mentally ill
More facilities that anywhere else
413
What is the social learning approach in terms of the nature or nurture debate?
Nature
Nurture
Neither
Both
414
It did not help to develop CBT
True
False
415
Freud's theory is nomothetic due to it implying that all children go through different stages
False
True
416
Strengths deviation from social norms
Social norms can also depend on the situation or contex
Social norms are culturally specific
Social norms change over time
Easy to look at and diagnose
417
Snook suggested what about profiles?
They were little more than common sense
They were able to provide a lot of information
They were bad
They were detailed
418
The right hemisphere of the brain is concerned with
Spatical comprehension, emotions and face recognition
Logic, analysis and problem solving
419
An explanation for GID is the biological theory that men/women's brain structures are different
False
True
420
What happens to chemical messages?
They fire too quickly or too easily
They fire too slowly
They don't fire easily enough
They fire both too slowly and not easily enough
421
What did Lashley find in his study involving rats learning to navigate a maze?
Learning is too complex to be localised
Learning appeared to require every part of the cortex
All of the above
No area was more important than another in navigation
422
Outline the female stereotype role
All of the above
Loves shopping
Child carer
Poor drivers
423
If the results are significant the alternate hypothesis is excepted
False
True
424
Who carried out a study into imprinting?
Lorenz
Milgram lad
Pavlov
Harlow
425
Not part of Ellis' ABC
Activating event
Dog
Consequences
Belief
426
There were 12 critical trials?
False
True
427
Where were treatments and management in post 1950?
Home
Large asylums
There was no where for them, they had not yet been developed
Hospitals
428
Pinnizotto found what?
In 192 cases profiling helped in 155
In 192 cases, profiling helped in none
In 192 cases profiling helped in 15
In 192 cases, profiling found the offender in them all
429
What percentage of amputees develop phantom limb syndrome?
6-8%
60-80%
11-18%
40-60%
430
In how many cases in Gottsman and Shields study did both twins develop the condition?
10 out of 12
4 out of 12
12 out of 12
7 out of 12
431
Teenagers circadian rhythm starts 2 hours later than those of adults
False
True
432
Piaget supported Kholberg's theory by stating that...
Children understand things before they are able to speak it
Children become egocentic-seeing other peoples perspectives
Schema's can be inherited from parents
433
Social Learning Approach believes others effect our development
False
True
434
What kinds of people did Gottsman and Shields study?
Non identical twins reared together
Identical twins reared together
Identical twins reared apart
Non identical twins reared apart
435
Mead's theory is criticised for...
Being subjective to researcher bias
Demand characteristics from those tribes studied
Containing ethical issues
Cultural implications which are inaccurate
436
Differential association is based on the idea that we learn behaviour
True
False
437
The dopamine hypothesis is not oversimplified
False
True
438
What is a weakness of drug therapy?
16% failed to recover after 12 months
1/4 of patients don't respond to drug therapy
They may still suffer from severe negative symptoms
Cole found drugs were 75% more effective than a placebo
439
The Brocas and Wernickes area are located in the right hemisphere
True
False
440
The definition of Deviation from social norms is laughing at a funeral
True
False
441
A case study is a study of a large group of people for research
True
False
442
Brown et al Aim
This did happen
Worse than usual exam performance will lead to more symptoms
443
What did Sensky find?
CBT was not as effective as drug treatments
CBT was more effective than drug therapies
Neitehr were effective
CBT was effective where drug therapies were not
444
What happened when the stimuli was shown to the left visual field?
The participant could name the object
The participant reported seeing nothing
The participant reported seeing a flash of light
The participant could describe the object
445
What did Gupta's study show?
People were better at IQ tests at 9am compared to 2pm&7pm
People were better at IQ tests at 7pm compared to 2pm&9am
The time of day didn't effect performance on IQ tests
People were better at IQ tests at 2pm compared to 7pm&9am
446
Peterson found in brain scans that the Broca's area was active during reading tasks?
True
False
447
What has been used to study different areas within the brain?
Post mortem
MRI
PET
EEG
448
What did Hobbs and Holt fin when implementing token economies for juvenile delinquents
There was a significant increase in desired behaviours
There was a decrese in desirable behaviour
There was a increase in indesirable behaviours
There was no change
449
What did Koscis and Irwin find when looking at serial rapes and arson in Australia?
They lived in a circle of their offences
They did not live in a circle of their offences
They lived extremely close to their crimes
They lived very far from where they were committing crimes
450
Jacobs (1887) aim
Test STM duration
Test STM capacity
Test LTM capacity
Test LTM duration
451
Excitation is
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a positive reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
452
Whats the bottom level of the triangle?
Esteem
Biological and physiological
Love
Safety
453
What is an endogenous pacemaker?
External cues that entrain our biological rhythms
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
454
What is a typical antipsychotic drug?
Risperidone
Chloropromazine
Clozapine
Haloperidol
455
It shows both biological determinism and biological reductionism
True
False
456
What did Aschoff and Wever find in their study?
Our sleep-wake cycle is entrained by extraneous zeitgebers
The sleep-wake cycle does not exist
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly longer than 24 hours
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly shorter than 24 hours
457
The most common compulsions are cleaning, washing, checking, counting and touching?
False
True
458
Identify a study which demonstrates poor ecological validity
Milgram lad
Zimbardo
Ash
All of the above
459
Does the case of Phineas Gage support the localisation theory?
Yes
No
460
What was the concordance rate of MZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
48%
30%
49%
50%
461
Which of the following is a weakness of the interactionist approach?
All of the above
Patients are often less willing to try new things
It's time consuming
It is difficult too know if treatment is working
462
Who did Ripke compare in his study on candidate genes?
113,000 patients to 37,000 controls
370 patients to 113 controls
37,000 patients to 113,000 controls
113 patients to 370 controls
463
Antipsychotic drugs bind to D2 receptors
True
False
464
Freud's gender explanation lacks supporting evidence
False
True
465
Information received after the event causes proactive interference?
False
True
466
What is offender profiling?
A biological sketch of the perpetrator
An environmental sketch of the perpetrator
A biographical sketch of the perpetrator
An geographical sketch of the perpetrator
467
People with delinquent tendencies may choose delinquent friends
False
True
468
Does the diathesis stress model support nature or nurture?
Nurture
Both
Nature
Neither
469
A disadvantage of the attachment stages is that it ignores the influence of playmates.
False
True
470
Coding capacity and duration of Sensory register respectively?
Senses, limited, less than a second
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
471
One reasons Freud's theory is not scientific is due to it not being falsifiable
False
True
472
What technique is not used in CBT
Setting homework
Keeping count of the amount of hallucinations/delusions
Question where the voices have originated from
Positive self-talk
473
What is one reason for psychology not being a science?
It uses scientific methods
It is falsifiable
Much of the subject matter is observable
Much of the subject matter is not observable
474
Sutherland suggested that if behaviour is not reinforced it will be repeated
True
False
475
What is one weakness of the role of genes?
The theory is deterministic and reductionist
It can take place due to a mutation in paternal sperm cells
There is also evidence for environmental factors
All of the above
476
What is meant by the term sex?
The biological differences between men and women
The psychological differences between men and women
The biological similarities between the two sexes
The mental characteristics of two genders
477
Identify a behaviour the monkey’s later demonstrated in their adult life
Unskilled at mating
Gained increased cognitive abilities
Maintained healthy relationships with their offspring
Neglected their young
478
Do genetic disorders support the argument of nature or nurture?
It all comes back to nuggets
Neither
Nurture
Nature
479
What is the function of the Pineal Gland?
Triggers the flight or flight response
Releases melatonin, recognises when it's time to go to sleep
Secretes hormones that help develop a healthy immune system
Releases adrenaline
480
Schizophrenics have an abnormally high amount of D2 receptors
True
False
481
Baddeley (1966) Aim
To find if STM or LTM is semantically coded
To find if STM or LTM is acoustically coded
482
What did Raine find in the brain of APD suffers?
A 15% reduction in the volume of grey matter
an 80% reduction in the volume of grey matter
There was no difference in the volume of grey matter
An 11% reduction in the volume of grey matter
483
Lidz created what ideas?
Marital schemes and marital scores
Marital schisms and marital skews
Marital schisms and marital scores
Marital schemes and marital skews
484
What did Takahashi find (comparing electrical activity in 420 sufferers and 247 non sufferers)
There was no difference at all
Schizophrenics were better at detecting changes in tone
Non sufferers were worse at detecting changes in tone
Changes in tone were severly limited in schizophrenics
485
What may restorative justice involve?
All of the above
Must volunteer to use the approach
May involve the victim and offender meeting
Offences like anti social behaviour
486
Bem's BRSI questionnaire study has high test-retest reliability due to supporting evidence
True
False
487
What is an internal mental process?
The way we interact with the environment
Internal workings of the mind that process information
The way you are feeling
External cues
488
What is a leading question?
A question ppts interpret wrong
A question which is phrased to suggest a certain answer
489
Identify the two main characteristics which were present within the children
Interactional synchrony and mental rehabilitation
Dis-inhibited retardation and faulty thinking
Dis-inhibited attachment and mental retardation
490
Coding is used as a part of content analysis and produces quantitative data
False
True
491
What is an overt observation?
Where participants are unaware they are being observed
When it is carried out in the pp's natural environment
Wen the researcher becomes part of the study as a ppt
When participants are aware they are being observed
492
Name the two laws in Bowbly's Monotropic theory
Law of nature an nurture
Law of evolution and cargiverness
Law of consistency and accumulated separation
Law of deprivation and privation
493
How they interact with the victim helps to understand what?
How old they are
How they may act in day to day life
Where thety are from
Whether they will offend again
494
What else other than face to face meeting may occur?
Shortened sentence
Financial restitution
Saying sorry
Prison
495
Megargee found what?
A very angry group of individuals
A sub group that cant express their anger normally
A group that are incapable of showing anger
A group that express anger easily
496
An advantage of the mean is that..
It is most sensitive to all values in the data
It is easily distorted with extreme values
Is extremely time consuming
It is more representative for entire sets of data
497
Whitely concluded that those who score high masculinity scores appear to be...
Of a higher IQ of general knowledge
Psychologically healthier
More active
More able to consume more nuggets
498
Why is psychology considered a pre-science?
It has too many methods to compare
It does not have a shared set of assumptions
All of the assumptions are shared
Too broad
499
The left hemisphere was considered the synthesiser
False
True
500
Atypical antipsychotics are newer
False
True
501
What is the three stages of anger management
Skill acquisition
Application practice
All the above
Cognitive preparation
502
Identify 3 behaviour categories used to test attachment in Ainsworth’s strange situation
Separation excitement, exploration and privation
Proximity , secure base/exploration and reunion response
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
interactional synchrony, cargiverness and mimicking
503
Which section of the personality is the pleasure principle?
Ultra-ego
ID
Ego
Superego
504
The criminal personality is
PN
PP
EN
EP
505
Identify the correct order of Kholberg's stages of gender cognitive development
Gender constancy, gender identity and gender stability
Gender fluctuation, gender identity and gender consistency
Gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy
Gender stability , gender consistency and gender identity
506
Which of these is not a procedure point of Asch's line study?
18 critical trials carried out
The participant usually went last
They compared comparison lines to a target line
Participants sat in a semicircle so they could see others
507
Who studied the brains of students before and after their exams?
Draganski
Mechelli
Sperry
Maguire
508
The original model saw genes as the major source
False
True
509
Congruence is where self concept and ideal self are very similar?
True
False
510
What did Dooley find when looking at suicides in prisons
There was no cause
Depression is likely to contribute to suicides in prisons
All of the above
Schizophrenia leads to most suicides in prisons
511
LTM coding capacity and duration respectively
Semantic. unlimited, Lifetime
acoustic, limited, short
512
A correlation illustrates the strength of a association between two co-variables
Falslse
True
513
Which of these is a possible way to describe abnormality
Lack of deviation from ideal mental health
Statistical frequency
failure to function adequately
Lack of deviation from social norms
514
Thematic analysis produces qualitative data
True
False
515
What did Johnstone find when comparing ventricle sizes of sufferers and non sufferers
People with schizophrenia had more ventricles
People with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles
People with schizophrenia had no ventricles
People with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles
516
What is a problem with Gottsman and Shields study?
Their envirnments were the same
Their environments were too different
They would have had the same prenatal environment
Can not tell how different their environments were
517
What is a strength of the cognitive theory of schizophrenia?
None of the above
Cogntive theories don't explain the origins
Biochemical research suggests more dopamine is the cause
They may need to be linked to the biological explanations
518
Which study demonstrates support for Freud's theory?
Little Hans
Little Albert
Clive wearing
Bruce Reimer
519
Previous research showed that this surgery may be less severe than frontal lobotomies
True
False
520
Desire to Be liked?
ISI
NSI
521
Which of the following is a strength of victim surveys?
More likely to include what has not been reported to police
Under represent certain crimes
Do not include victimless crimes
They can assess attitude towards crime
522
Scientists have proposed that women are better at..
Memory
Long distance sight
Multitasking
Reading and writing skills
523
A limitation of modelling studies is that..
They suffer from demand characteristics from children
Ethical issues with children
They have low ecological validity-artificial behaviour
The findings are mainly qualitative data-Not enough analysis
524
What is the restorative justice council
Linked body who's role is to establish clear standards
Civilians
A group of judges
Indepedant body who's role is to establish clear standards
525
Bateson's double bind theory suggested what?
Develop a confusing and dangerous understanding of the world
Contradictory messages can cause schizophrenia
All of the above
High EE families can cause schizophrenia
526
Crime mapping is information about the likely home or base of the offender
False
True
527
Symptoms of SAD are low mood and a general lack of interest in life
True
False
528
Pre-convention is associated with crimes where they fee they cant evade conviction
False
True
529
Which of the following is symptom of typical antipsychotics
Tardive dyskinesia, tremors, immobility and stiffness
Low blood pressure,uncontrolled fidgeting,impotence,seizures
All of the above
NMS, blurred vision, menstrual problems, dry mouth
530
What did Crossley examine in his meta-analysis
The effectiveness of atypical drugs
The side effects of atypical drugs
The effiacy and side effects of typical and atypical drugs
The side effects of typical drugs
531
The three defence mechanisms for crime are:
Denial, sublimination and rationalisation
Displacement, sublimination and repression
Denial, displacement and repression
Denial, subliminal and displacement
532
Which of the following is a strength?
Does not account for the performance of criminal behaviour
None of the above
Over simplistic
Doesn't explain why tenancies may cease with age
533
Which of the following is a weakness of ERP's?
They have excellent temporal resolution
They bring more specificity to the measurement of processes
In order to work, there can be no background noise
534
Who proposed the cognitive theory to gender development?
Skinner
Kholberg
Freud
Green
535
The communication between neurons is known as
Synaptic transmission
Synaptic transformation
Synaptic transfer
Systematic transmission
536
Baddely and Hitch found WMM supporting evidence?
True
False
537
Zhou et al discovered that at the age of 5...
40% of male stria terminalis central divisions were larger
50% of grey matter was found more in me's brains
40% of women's brains were larger than men's
60% of male ventricles were small than women's
538
DeCoursey disconnected the SCN in Chipmunks
True
False
539
Who carried out researcher into cross cultural gender studies with three tribes?
Mead
Martin
Meed
Matthews
540
Cannabis may be an environmental stressor
False
True
541
Which statement best describes the Ego?
Part of superego and cannot be accessed
The morality principle and is part of the ego
Motivated by pleasure principle
Reality principle and in constant conflict with superego/ID
542
Disruption of circadian rhythms by jet lag can effect performance and alertness
False
True
543
Pollock found that what percentage of child molesters argued their crime was non sexual
95%
45%
35%
15%
544
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a disorganised offender?
First/last born
Socially inadequate
Frightened/confused at the time
Plan the crime
545
What is an infradian rhythm?
A rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs every 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once every 24hrs
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once every 24hrs
546
A disadvantage of volunteer sampling is that personality types can interfere with results
True
False
547
Desire to be right
ISI
NSI
548
The endocrine system and ANS work together the stimulate the fight or flight response?
False
True
549
Humanism believes in...
Free will
Determinism
550
What did Novaco when looking at cognitive factors and emotional responses
Anger management is effective
In some people anger is quick to surface
Anger is bad
Some people are very angry
551
Studies show that media/television increases the likelihood of children developing stereotypes
False
True
552
Piling found what?
Family therapy had no effect on remission
Remission rates were lower when recieving family therapy
It was difficult to improve compliance
Remission rates were higher due to family therapy
553
What is the SCN
A bundle of cells located in the cerebellum
A bundle of cells located in the prefrontal cortex
A bundle of cells located in the amygadala
A bundle of cells located in the hypothalamus
554
Antipsychotic drugs don't appear to help a significant number of people
False
True
555
Cognitive psychologists study what?
Mental processes
Mental processes that cannot be directly observed
Some mental processes can be observed, but not others
Mental processes that can be directly observed
556
Family therapy is based on the idea that the family are not involved in relapse rates
True
False
557
a reason for obedience?
Compliance
Informational social influence
Agentic state
Normative social influence
558
What did Tienari find when investigating genetic vulnerability and parenting styles
Parenting styles were the only important thing
Genetic vulnerability was the only important thing
Both genetic vulnerability and parenting were important
Neither were important
559
The Social learning theory suggests that gender is acquired through identification/imitation
True
False
560
Identify the correct attachment behaviour shown in infants
Privation
Deprivation
Separation anxiety
Proximity
561
What are the key feature of the process
Active rather than passive, focus on positive outcomes
All of the above
Not restricted to court rooms
Focus of acceptance of responsibility
562
What is geographical profiling
Information about crime scenes
All information
Information about the location of linked crime scenes
Information about the location of unlinked crime scenes
563
How long does stage 1 of sleep last?
10-15 minutes
70-90 minutes
5 minutes
120-180 minutes
564
Most of the evidence for the dopamine hypothesis comes from drug treatments
False
True
565
Sperry's study is hard to generalise as having a split brain is unusual
True
False
566
Out of the only three studies where random allocation was used, how many showed improvements?
2
1
0
3
567
Jacob found...
Average span 7-9
Average span of 5-9
568
Studying children can lead to miscommunication. This can further lead to...
Researcher bias
Misinterpreted information
Ethical issues
Demand characteristics
569
What stage of sleep does dreaming occur in?
Stage 1
Stage 5
Stage 3
Stage 4
570
What was the concordance rate of DZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
15%
17%
20%
13%
571
Which psychologist is the main pioneer for Self actualisation?
Harlow
Maslow
Farrington
Pavlov
572
There is strong direct support for the importance of an interactionist approach
True
False
573
Intersex refers to...
Children born with unclear genitals from chemical imbalances
Children born without male hormones
Children born with male and female hormones
People with increased testosterone
574
Which statement best outlines his finding?
Deprivation is not the cause of affection less psychopaths
Frequent separation leads to affection less psychopaths
Privation is the result of separation from the mother
Children who do not form attachments will turn to crime
575
What were children lacking in these institutions?
Emotional and cognitive stimulation
Nuggets and cheese
The ability to form multiple attachments
576
What are roles conditions of worth?
Low selfesteem is bc of lackof unconditional positive regard
Parents who only love their childreni n certain conditions
Rogers suggested you need unconditional positive regard
577
Police record crimes differently
False
True
578
Mead's research helps us solve the nature/nurture debate
True
False
579
The SCN is the main endogenous pacemaker
True
False
580
What is a disadvantage of Bem's study?
Lack of right to withdraw
Relies on having insight into personality- Not everyone does
Poor reliability
Demand characteristics for desirable behaviour
581
What are hormones?
Non of these
Inherited genes
receptors
Chemical substances
582
Which of the following sampling techniques have problems with time consumption?
Opportunity sampling, volunteer sampling and random sampling
Stratified sampling and opportunity sampling
Random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling
Opportunity sampling and random sampling
583
Bandura Bobo doll study Aim
To investigate whether aggression can be learnt
1/3 of the children who observed aggressive models copied
Children who saw no aggression didnt act aggressivelly
Kids were given a room of toys they couldnt play with
584
Limitation of humanism
Free Will
Hollistic
Positive image of the human condition
Limited application
585
What is the usual level of significance used by researcher?
0.05
00.5
0.02
0.01
586
The stimuli were shown too slow to get to the wrong visual field
False
True
587
Other psychological treatments that are less well known can be helpful
True
False
588
Loftus and palmer (1974) Aim
The effect of leading questions on memory
The effect of Post event discussion on memory
589
What dies EPI stand for
Eysenck Personality Inventory
Eysenck Person Inventory
Extrovertion Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Investigation
590
Minimalisation is trying to downplay the seriousness of an offence
True
False
591
What did Ripke find in his study of candidate genes?
108 variations were linked with the risk of schizophrenia
No variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
1000 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
67 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
592
Who was the control group in this study?
Non adopted children with no history of schizophrenia
Corn flakes
There was no control group
Adoptive children with no family history of schizophrenia
593
What happens when the Wernicke's area is damaged?
Speech does make sense
All of the above
Speech is fluent but incoherent
Slow speech
594
There is only modest support for psychological treatments
True
False
595
What division of the ANS brings the body back to normal?
Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic division
596
Identity a practical application made from Freud's theory
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Knowledge of phobias and classical conditioning
A better understanding of the nature/nurture approach
The development of Psychoanalysis therapy
597
Sex-role stereotypes are...
All of the bellow
Bullshite
Behaviour considered to be carried out by specific genders
Considerable appropriate and typical behaviour for men/women
598
Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?
Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time
Digit span and verbal reasoning
See if two parts of WMM can be used at once
Nuggets
599
Identify the main female hormone
Oestrogen
Testosterone
Oeastragon
Adrenaline
600
The theory shows gender bias
True
False
601
Mechelli found what about bilingual people and those who spoke one language?
There was no difference in the cortex size
A larger parietal cortex in people who spoke one language
A larger parietal cortex in bilingual people
602
Offenders were said to be patient
False
True
603
The biological approach supports
Nurture
Nature
604
Whose study looked at female sexual behaviour and the menstrual cycle?
Stern and McClintock
Russell
Adams
605
In which case did offender profiling fail?
Rachel Nickell
John Duffy
Ted Bundy
Adrian Babb
606
Other routes of gaining knowledge, e.g. common sense are flawed
False
True
607
What is EWT?
Unstructured interviews
Free recall
The ability off people to remember events such as accidents
608
Mednick found what when studying adopted and biological parents on offending behaviour
Criminal biological+non crimial adoptive were more likely
Neither had an effect
Criminal adoptive+non criminal biological were more likely
Both were needed to be criminal
609
The Synapse is
Gaps in the myelin sheath
Where the genetic material is contained
Carries electrical impulses through the neuron
The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted
610
Identify the model proposed to describe the impact early attachment has on adult relationships
Working memory model
External working model
Internal working model
Innate working model