Natural cloning in plants occurs by

Vegetative reproduction, Vegetative propogation

Which of the following is not a step in reproductive cloning by splitting embryos?

removing the nucleus from the egg cell

Define what an immobilised enzyme is

enymes fixed or bound to an inert matrix

Being free of disease-producing microbes.

can mature into any type of body cell

Somatic cell nuclear transfer involves

placing the nucleus from a body cell into an enucleated ovum

Natural clones are..........

cells or organisms that are genetically identical

What are some disadvantages of Bioremediation?

Would be very easy to lose control causing lack of balance

The attraction and adhesion of ions to a solid surface

creates genetically identical offspring

Why is the DNA of bacteria used to make insulin with recombinant DNA?

Bacteria is easy to grow and reproduces quickly.

How are enzymes immobilised?

entrapment in matrix, surface immobilisation to organic carriers

Which is not an advantage of cloning plants by micropropagation

clones susceptible to pests and diseases

Using microbes to clean up environmental pollutants

When using recombinant DNA technology to make human insulin, which step would come first?

Insert a recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell

Therapeutic cloning involves.

using cells from an individual to produce an early embryo

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6.4 Cloning and biotechnology

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Questions to test your understanding of plant and animal cloning OCR Biology 6.4 Cloning and biotechnology

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Questions 37

Answers

1
Natural cloning in plants occurs by
Vegetative state
Vegetable propaganda
Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative propogation
2
Which of the following is not a step in reproductive cloning by splitting embryos?
removing the nucleus from the egg cell
in-vitro fertilisation
collecting eggs from a high-value female (desirable feature)
implanting embryos into surrogate mothers
3
Define what an immobilised enzyme is
enymes fixed or bound to an inert matrix
enymes fixed or bound to an indesert matrix
enymes fixed inside a fibrous layer e.g cotton
enymes free in solution
4
Asepsis means:
Clean technique.
Infection acquired after admission to a health care agency.
Being free of disease-producing microbes.
The process of destroying pathogens
5
isomerase enzyme can change glucose into....
Starch
Galactose
Amino Acids
Fructose
6
Totipotent cells...
can mature into any type of body cell
can not mature into any type of body cell
can only mature into specific body cells
7
The cells or tissues removed from a plant and grown using tissue culture are called......
eggplants
exactplants
explants
extrapants
8
Natural clones in animal species include.......
fraternal twins
mother and female offspring
monozygotic twins
offsrping from the same litter
9
Artificial cloning in animals requires which cell type
totipotent
differentiated
actively dividing cells
immature
10
Advantages of Bioremediation are....
Eco-friendly
Expensive
No regulations
Long treatment
11
Somatic cell nuclear transfer involves
placing the nucleus from a body cell into an enucleated ovum
adding sperm to an enucleated ovum
growing an embryo in-vitro
fusing an egg and sperm cell
12
Immobilised enzymes are useful because ...
All of these
Can be retained and resumed
They are termostable and can make processes continuous
Resistant to changes in pH and do not contaminate Products
13
Natural clones are..........
produced by meiosis
only prokaryotic cells
cells or organisms that are genetically identical
single-cell organisms that reproduce by sexual reproduction
14
What are some disadvantages of Bioremediation?
Susceptible to disease or changes in the environment
Lessens the amount of variation that exists in a gene pool
Would be very easy to lose control causing lack of balance
Cause of infection, anaesthetic risks and haemorrhage
15
Which bacteria were genetically engineered to produce insulin?
E. coli
Salmonella
16
Adsorption is...
The attraction and adhesion of ions to a solid surface
The attraction and adhesion of anions to a solid surface
The repulsion of ions from a solid surface
17
Embryo splitting
creates a clone of the mother
creates genetically identical offspring
creates genetic diverse offspring
creates a clone of the father
18
Which organisms are used to manufacture human insulin?
Protozoans
Bacteria
Algae
Amoebas
19
Why is the DNA of bacteria used to make insulin with recombinant DNA?
Bacteria is easy to grow and reproduces quickly.
Bacteria cells are simple.
Bacteria is easy to grow and reproduces slowly.
Bacteria is abundant.
20
How are enzymes immobilised?
entrapment in matrix
surface immobilisation to organic carriers
surface mobilisation to organic carriers
membrane entrapment in macrocapsules
21
An example of reproductive cloning is also called:
somatic cell nuclear transfer
protein synthesis
nucleic acid recombination
adult stem cell transfer
22
Which is not an advantage of cloning plants by micropropagation
clones susceptible to pests and diseases
new plants display same desirable characteristics as parents
clones have a uniform phenotype
requires only one parent
23
Bioremediation is...
Using microbes to create food like bread and cheese
Using microbes to pollute the environment
Using microbes to clean up environmental pollutants
Using microbes to create new medical devices.
24
Which microorganism is used to make mycoprotein?
Penicillium
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Fusarium venenatum
Aspergillus niger
25
Rhizomes grow over-ground.
True
False
26
Which part of a plant cannot be used as a cutting for artificial cloning
flowers
stem
leaf
root
27
Which part of plant is not used to produce clones naturally
Stolons
Flowers
Leaves
Runners
28
What are the substrates of aminoacylase?
L-amino acids
N-acyl-amino acids
Any amino acids
N-acryl-amino acids
29
When using recombinant DNA technology to make human insulin, which step would come first?
Insert a recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell
Clone the bacteria
Use antibiotic to kill off any untransformed bacteria
Grow the transformed bacteria, and harvest the insulin
30
Mycoprotein is produced from a:
Yeast
Virus
Fungus
Bacterium
31
Therapeutic cloning involves.
occurs at a cellular level to produce identical genes
using cells from an individual to produce an early embryo
creating fully developed genetically identical organisms
32
What are the advantages of biotechnology?
all of the above
increasing farming yields to feed more people
creates cure for infectious diseases
creating more efficient fuel
33
Which of the following is a disadvantage of producing natural clones?
No genetic diversity
Relatively rapid production of new clones
Offspring will be suited to the environment if the parent is
Only requires one parent
34
What does 'enucleation' mean?
Extracting an egg cell from a donor
Removing the nucleus
Stimulating mitosis
Fusing an empty egg cell with a skin cell
35
What does immobilised mean?
Stationary
Can sometimes move
Can't move
Can move
36
Which of the following is NOT a way in which an enzyme is immobilised?
Condensation Reaction
Attached to surfaces, e.g. glass.
Entrapped in gels, e.g. alginate gel beads
Aggregations of enzymes bonded together
37
All of the following are disadvantages of gene therapy except
Problems with viral vectors
Multi-gene disorders
Lack of Immune response
Short-lived nature of gene therapy

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