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Review For Crash Courses
overconfidence refers to...
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Review For Crash Courses
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1
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Two types of influences language has on thought.
Elements of language.
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
2
overconfidence refers to...
the tendency to think we know more than we do
the idea that one could have foreseen the outcome of a past event
being ignorant
belief that we don't know how to do things
3
Broca’s area
Reading
Understanding language
Word formation / speech
4
What is Noam Chomsky known for?
his work with wire mother monkeys
The language acquisition device
the Stanford prison experiment
being the president
5
Noam Chomsky believed that
Humans are built to learn language
All languages share certain elements / universal grammar.
Language determines the way we think. Proposed linguistic determinism.
Chimps had insight ability.
6
Per Robert Sternberg, components of creativity include
Imaginative thinking skills
A position of informed ignorance
Intrinsic motivation
A venturesome personality
7
What is belief perserverence?
tendency to hold on to one's beliefs even with new information
staying loyal to your political party because they cut your taxes
When obedience trumps facts and logic
the indomitable human spirit
8
Broca's Area
Left frontal lobe & Directs muscle movements in speech
Forebrain & Controls language reception
9
One-Word Stage
Stage in speech development where a child speaks mostly in single words
Stage of speech development where infant utters various sounds
10
Metacognition
Forgetting about Thinking
Thinking about Thinking
Thinking about Forgetting
Forgetting about Forgetting
11
What is the babbling stage?
Repeated vowel sounds
One-word statements
Repeated consonant-vowel sounds
Two-word statements
12
A mental set is
approaching problems in the same way due to past success.
methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.
a group of conclusions drawn from assumptions or principles.
mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people.
13
Critical period refers to-
the period up to adolescence
an important time when development has to take place
two to three hours after birth
middle adulthood to late adulthood
14
Two-word stage
18 months
12 months
6 months
24 months
15
A prototype is best defined as
the most typical example of a category
an example of bottom up processing
being stuck in a particular way of thinking
an example of habituation
16
What is functional fixedness?
presentation of a fact framed from a particular perspective
A tendency to approach situations the same way
Favoring information that confirms your beliefs
a tendency to view objects as only working in a certain way
17
Two-word stage
Pig say oink!
ba-ba-ba-ba
Where Katie?
I’m having ‘nana!
18
What is Confirmation Bias?
looking for sources that support your opinions
bias after accepting a position at an employer
checking to be sure something has bias
bias that has been proven
19
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
20
According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known as linquistic determinism or relativism,
language and thought are seperate and independent processes.
one's thoughts determines the nature of one's language.
language and thought interact , with each influencing the other.
one's language determines the nature of one's thoughts.
21
What does Ebbinghaus' Forgetting Curve demonstrate?
Storage Decay
Retrieval Decay
Encoding Decay
Recognition Decay
22
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
23
Telegraphic speech happens during the
Babbling
Two-word stage
One-word stage
24
Phonemes are
the rules of grammar that dictate letter combinations
the smallest unit of sound in language
semantically the same as morphemes
the smallest unit of meaning in a language
25
What is syntax?
A tax for being naughty
the rules for spelling words correctly
an error on my calculator
it's like the rules for punctuation in writing.
26
Which psychologist developed
inborn universal grammar
?
Doyle
Hauser
Chomsky
Skinner
27
A reason people are overconfident about their decisions is that they
listen to conflicting opinions.
listen to others.
have low self-esteem.
do not analyze their evidence.
28
What or where is my dog named after?
The old system used in library organization
One of Donald Ducks kids
The morning moisture on the grass
A beach in Delaware
29
A Morpheme is...
2 letters that make one sound
a sound
a digraph
the smallest part of a word that has meaning
30
Example of assimilation overgeneralizing language rules
“I would like more juices.”
"I like lots of juice"
"I would drink more juice when I have a lot"
"I like to drink juice"
31
The Language Acquisition Device proposed by Noam Chomsky states that
The amygdala is responisble for speach
L.A.D. is an electronic used to learn language
Language is developed through socialization
Humans have the innate ability to learn, understand, & produce language
32
When trying to solve a problem, Bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called
Mental Set
Availability Heuristic
Representative Heuristic
Algorithm
33
The word dogs has ____ phonemes.
5
2
4
3
34
Semantics refers to the ___?
typical schemes we use to form concepts.
logical and methodical procedures for solving problems.
arrangement of words into grammatically correct sentences
rules by which we derive meaning from words and sentences.
35
Babbling stage:
3-4 months
1-2 years
36
Overgeneralization occurs in what stage of language acquisition?
Holophrasic stage
One-word stage
Babbling stage
Two-word stage
37
What does overgeneralization means in language use?
an extension of a language rule to an exception to the rule
an application of incorrect rules to all sentences
38
What is meant by intuition?
The realization of a fact
the deeper meaning of a dream
Understanding something instinctively
the rules of grammar
39
One-Word Stage:
1-2 Years
3-4 Years
40
An example of overgeneralization/overregularization in a child's language pattern:
cheese
mine
ba ba
I goed to the store
41
What idea is associated with the inborn universal grammar view?
Connecting the sight of things with the sound of words
Based on experience
There is a biological predisposition for language.
Training through exposure creates neural networks
42
Sternberg created the 5 Components of Creativity
True
False
43
There are ________ morphemes in the word
boldly
.
2
6
1
4
44
Ava is lost so scans the crowd & decides to ask an elderly lady 4 directions b/c she believes the woman will be kind-PSM
Representative Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
Mental Set
Algorithm
45
What is Wernicke's area associated with?
Language production
Empathy
Language comprehension
Emotion
46
Matt’s parents are drs., & so are a few of his friends parents. Therefore, Matt believes that many people are drs.
Mental Set
Representative Heuristic
Algorithm
Availability Heuristic
47
K uses a paper clip to unlock the door to her house b/c she misplaced her key.K's approach to solving the problem avoids
Deductive Reasoning
Convergent Thinking
Algorithm
Functional Fixedness
48
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve
Storage decay is rapid if one did not really encode.
We remember things that were encoded as a flashbulb memory.
Rapid storage decay initially followed by leveling off
We can positively transfer what we remember.
49
Damage to the Broca's area produces this.
trouble walking
trouble speaking
trouble swallowing
trouble remembering
50
aphasia
without speech
without toes
without breath
without feet
51
Wolfgang Kohler
Taught pigeons to play basketball
Intelligence comes from the external world through the senses
Concept of insight learning
observed how chimps solve problems
52
Wernicke's Area
Hindbrain & Linked to emotion
Left temporal lobe & Controls language reception
53
Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following?
Divergent Thinking
Interpersonal Intelligence
Spatial Awareness
Convergent Thinking
