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AP Psychology Exam Review
AP Psychology Exam Review
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1
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
2
Which approach toward personality is the least deterministic?
Biological
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
3
Which concept from memory directly contradicts the belief that humans never forget anything?
Recovered Memory
Constructive Memory
Selective Attention
Sensory Memory
4
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
5
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Aptitude test
Achievement test
Standardized test
Intelligence test
6
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
7
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
8
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The instructions given by the experimenter.
The location of the learner.
The number of people in the group.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
9
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Panic Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Zoophobia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
10
Which process involves counterconditioning?
ECT
Systematic desensitization
Somatic therapy
Transference
11
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
Positively skewed
A straight line
Negatively skewed
Normal
12
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
13
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Identity
Autonomy
Career
Affection
14
Which of the following is the best analogy for how psychologists view consciousness?
The on/off switch on a computer.
A circuit breaker that controls power to a house.
The ignition switch on a car.
A dimmer switch for a light fixture.
15
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
16
Which method of therapy is most eclectic?
Psychoanalytic
Psychodynamic
Client-centered
Token economy
17
The information-processing theory states that dreams...
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
Occur only after stressful events.
Are by-products of how our brain processes information.
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
18
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
Body temperature and desire to eat.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
19
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
5
5.5
6
4.5
20
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
21
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Variable Ratio
Fixed Ratio
Fixed Interval
Continuous
22
Which level of consciousness controls involuntary body processes?
Subconscious level
Autonomic level
Nonconscious level
Unconscious level
23
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A belief in luck.
A high sense of self-efficacy.
A strong libido.
A positive self-concept.
24
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Linguistic skills decline with age.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
25
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Formal Operations
Sensorimotor
Conventional
Pre-operational
26
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Aaron Beck
Albert Ellis
Fritz Perls
27
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
Our adaptability to different problems.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
28
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hallucinations
Tardive dyskinesia
Memory loss
Hysteria
29
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Valium
Prozac
Lithium
Haldol
30
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
31
According to the nativist theory, language is acquired...
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
32
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
Ivan Pavlov
Abraham Maslow
B.F. Skinner
John Watson
33
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
34
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Past conditioning
Individual choice
Biological processes
Unconscious behavioral impulses
35
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
36
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Control of the left hand
Producing speech
Spatial reasoning
Abstract reasoning
37
Wilhelm Wundt used a research methodology called...?
Structuralism
Inferential
Introspection
Naturalistic observation
38
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Spatial
Musical
Linguistic
Practical
39
Which statement about bulimia is true?
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
40
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Thorazine
Dopamine
41
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Concerns over validity
The need for a representative sample
Sampling error
Many confounding variables
42
All of the following people are known for their theories of intelligences, EXCEPT...?
Thurstone
Flynn
Gardner
Guilford
43
The cochlea is responsible for...
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
44
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Primary satisfaction
Homeostasis
Self-actualization
Equilibrium
45
Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives are known as...?
Mixed
Flexible
Eclectic
Open-minded
46
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
The unconscious mind
Behaviorism
Gestalt Theory
Structuralism
47
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
48
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Endorphins
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
49
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Self-esteem
Motor development
Intelligence
Reading ability
50
Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing...
Hallucinations
Compulsions
Obsessions
Delusions
51
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Too applicable for research settings.
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Appropriate for only female patients.
Unscientific and unverifiable
52
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It yields consistent results.
It is also valid.
It is given in the same way every time.
It tests what it is supposed to test.
53
Weber's Law determines...
Just-noticeable difference
Level of subliminal messages
Absolute threshold
Amplitude of sound waves
54
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
55
A therapist who uses whatever perspective "works best" for the patient is described as...
Humanist
Eclectic
Functionalist
Social-cultural
56
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
57
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Operational
Syllogistic
Abstract reasoning
Formal operations
58
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Interposition
Convergence
Texture gradient
Linear perspective
59
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The developmental stage of the participants.
The time span of the study.
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The number of participants involved.
60
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
Ivan Pavlov
Wilhelm Wundt
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
61
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
62
On a second date, Megan tells Francisco that she loves to watch Rugrats. This is called...?
Open communication
In-group bias
Deindividuation
Self-disclosure
63
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Denial
Sublimation
Rationalization
Regression
64
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
Original research in this area is difficult.
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
65
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
Less reported stress.
Increased arousal.
66
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of language.
67
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
68
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Structuralist
Biopsychologist
Behaviorist
Psychoanalytic
69
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
70
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Adrenaline
Endorphins
71
All schizophrenics suffer from...
Compulsions
Multiple personalities
Depression
Hallucinations
72
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Openness
Honesty
73
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
Which pain messages are perceived.
74
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
75
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Avoidant
Authoritative
Secure
Authoritarian
76
Which of the following is an example of a generalized reinforcer?
High grades
Chocolate cake
Money
Applause
77
Ads are more effective when the communicators are: I. Attractive; II. Famous; III. Experts
I, II, and III
II and III
II Only
I and II
78
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
Stage 4
REM Sleep, but only later in the night.
Stage 1
REM Sleep
79
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
CR
CS
US
UR
80
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
CAT and EKG
PET and EEG
EKG and CAT
MRI and CAT
81
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Mr. Tamp calls on boys more often than girls.
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.
Billy won't let girls play on his hockey team.
Ginny thinks all Asians are smart.
82
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Continuous
83
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Cognitive
Humanistic
Behaviorist
Psychoanalytic
