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Qualitative Research Methods Flashcards | StudBud
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Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
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Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Identify an example of participants NOT being protected from harm (Ethics)
helping participants feel safe
luring participants into discussing very sensitive topics
providing clear and direct questions
providing clear understanding of all topics to be addressed
2
A case study is
Quantitative data
Usually just an observation
Triangulation of methods to get a holistic idea of behavior
usually easy to generalize to larger populations
3
This may occur in a focus group where participants behave in line with other members of group
Reactivity
Social Desirability Effect
Expectancy Effect
Conformity Effect
4
Regarding Anonymity and Confidentiality, which of the following VIOLATES ethics?
Videos are put on Youtube after transcripts are made
Research data is kept confidential by the research team
informed consent is obtained if it is not totally anonymous
Identity is not be known outside of the research team
5
When the observer (researcher) is part of the group that she/he is studying it is called a
Holistic Observation
Non-participant observation
Participant Observation
Semi-structured interview
6
Identify the disadvantage of the case study strategy.
Generates a lot of data aiding in credability
They often have high ecological validity
They can help develop new theories
They are hard to replicate
7
Identify the strength of the narrative style of interviews.
can be very time consuming
can be unfocused in nature and irrelevant info gathered
details of story can be painful resulting in ethical concern
allows people to tell story without questions influence
8
Identify the strength of conducting a naturalistic observation
possible reactivity of particpants
lack of control of variables that could influence behavior
high ecological validity
difficult to replicate
9
All of the following are techniques for recording data during an observation EXCEPT
Time Sampling
Event Sampling
Point Sampling
Free Sampling
10
All of the following are steps for Inductive Content Analysis EXCEPT
Raw data are identified and organized into themes
themes are interpreted by the researcher
Interview transcribed and read
Questions for the interview are written
11
Cross-checking information/conclusions in research by using multiple procedures or sources is
Participant Bias
Not and example of Credibility
Transparency
Triangulation
12
All of the following are examples of places where a naturalistic observation could occur EXCEPT
In a restaurant
In a labratory
In a park
At a school
13
A type of interview that uses a flexible set of questions is
verbatim interview
a semi-structured interview
a focus group
a narrative interview
14
When the researcher/observer is not a part of the situation being studied it is called a
Non-participant Observation
Participant Observation
Reactivity
Reflexivity
15
This is when a participant acts differently because they are aware they are being studied
Conformity Effect
Expectancy Effect
Reactivity
Social Desirability Effect
16
Identify the limitation of participant observation.
Context of the behaviors is better understood by researcher
Researcher is less detached from the people being observed
Researcher can interact and ask questions of particpants
Researcher may unintentionally change participant behavior
17
Convenience Sampling involves
a great deal of inconvenience
randomly selecting participants
selecting participants that happen to be available
Tasting free samples at the grocery store
18
When the participant gives information that is believed to be what the researcher wants is
Social Desirability Effect
Reactivity
Expectancy effect
Conformity Effect
19
An advantage of Quota sampling (similar to stratified sampling) is
rapport is easily achieved with the researcher
Sampling bias can occur
It is always random
that it is representative of the population being studied
20
When a researcher reflects on how a study was done & how that process influenced findings is
Triangualtion
Transcription
Epistomological reflexivity
Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis
21
Identify the limitation of Qualitative Research
Identifies and evaluates ways to help solve complex problems
People can be studied in their own environment
Data is difficult to analyze
Rich Data is generated
22
Comparing data from different participants or sources is known as
Method Triangulation
Theory Triangulation
Data Triangulation
Triangulatory Commons
23
This allows the researcher to REFLECT on ways that bias may occur in his or her research
Reflexivity
Hot Pants Dancivity
Trustworthy
Credibility
24
Identify the major limitation of Inductive Content Analysis for interpreting data collected
It is a very fast process
Triangulation
It is highly subjective, researcher ranks importance=bias
Reflexivity is not necesarry
25
This type of interview asks the participant to tell a story
Narrative Interview
Historiography
Focus Group
Semi-Structured Interview
26
When a researcher's own beliefs influence the results/process of a study it is called
Researcher Confidentiality
Triangualtion
Participant Expectations
Researcher Bias
27
When conducting an interview, a researcher should not do which of the following?
Be objective in recording data
make sure the most painful questions are the last discussed
follow ethical and be careful to not ask invasive questions
establish rapport
28
Identify the false statement regarding trustworthiness.
researcher transparency
Others interpret data similarily
an ambiguous process followed by the researcher
results are credible from the perspective of participants
29
Participant ideas about the research which can affect the trustworthiness of the data is called
Convenience Transparency
Researcher Bias
Data Triangulation
Participant Expectations
30
Identify the disadvantage of a non-participant observations.
it is easier to take notes
participants change their behavior to impress the researcher
it does not interfere with the behavior of the participants
Easier to have several researchers watching (reliability)
31
Using several researchers, observers, and interviews to compare data collection/interpretation
Method triangulation
Entomological Phenomenon
Research triangulation
Theory triangulation
32
Self-selected sampling involves volunteers. Identify the strength of a self-selected sample.
sampling bias can occur, creating a great sample
participants are motivated to particpate
Participants are not motivated to particpate
Only the people that want a free Jamba Juice show up
33
Identify the item that is not a component of a pre-observation.
Analyzing the data collected
Deciding the type of observation
determining the type of data collected and how to analyze it
Selecting a sampling method
34
Qualitative Research is not concerned with which of the following?
Running a statistical test for significance
study people in their own environment
to describe and explain events
create suggestions to overcome problems
35
Identify the advantage of a case study.
People may drop out of the study if it is long-term
they can generate a lot of data that is difficult to analyze
they are difficult to generalize to other situations
they can permit insight into social processes
36
This is when information is not disclosed if the participant fears being judged
Conformity Effect
Social Desirability Effect
Expectancy Effect
Reactivity
37
Participants are aware they are being observed in this type of observation
Covert Observation
Unstructured Observation
Prom
Overt Observation
38
All of the following are limitations of a covert observation EXCEPT
More ethical because participants don't need debriefing
data must be recorded at a later time - memory distortions
if researcher acts weird participants may change behavior
Ethical issues, such as lack of consent given to be studied
39
Comparing data from different research methods is known as
Data Triangualtion
Method Triangulation
Theory Triangulation
Research Triangulation
40
Identify the limitation of a the semi-structured interview.
it is compatible with many methods of analysis
Structure could unintentionally limit the study
process us standardized but still flexible
allows participants to elaborate
41
Identify the item that a researcher should not worry about when planning an interview.
What pants should I wear to least influence the particiPANT?
What type of interview to use and what questions asked?
How will data be recorded and transcribed?
What are the ethical considerations for this study?
42
Identify the false statement regarding Snowball Sampling.
There could be bias in the sample
There are no issues with confidentiality
It can be cost effective
Participants recommend other participants
43
This is a group interview that allows the participants to interact with each other
narrative interview
focus group
naturalistic observation
semi-structured interview
44
Identify the strength of a focus group interview technique.
conformity effects are possible
anonymity cannot be guaranteed
it is a faster way to get information
difficult for facilitator to run without influencing results
45
Which terms refer to the amount of agreement among a research team conducting an observation?
Inter-coder and Inter-rater Reliability
Reactivity
Post Observation
Reflexivity
46
Personal reflexivity involves
Conducting a focus group
reflecting on ways personal factors influenced the research
Looking in the mirror
Debriefing the particpants
47
The findings of a case study regarding stress conducted at LJA would be transferable to
All schools
No Schools
Schools of similar size and academic vigor
Preschools
48
Identify the strength of a semi-structured interview.
it is structured but flexible
nature of the questions could induce demand characteristics
lower ecological validity
by deciding questions in advance, researchers limit info
49
The Cult observation by Festinger, Riecken and Schacter (1956) is an example of a(n)
Overt Observation
Non-Participant Observation
Semi-Structured Interview
Covert Observation
50
Identify the strength of Qualitative Research Methods.
There is a lot of data that is difficult to analyze
Data analysis is subjective
It can explain phenomena (e.g. homelessness)
It is time consuming
51
Ethics of Qualitative Research include informed consent, which should
involve high levels of deception
be conducted on people under 16 without parental consent
Never be obtained
be voluntary
52
Identify the limitation of a focus group interview.
quick and convenient
particiapnts can expand upon each others ideas
they create a more natual setting
conformity effects are possible
