there WAS a statistic significant diff in ratings b4 and after treatment

The introduction of a research article should include,

confirmatory and contradicting evidence, broad review of related previous findings

power analysis; number of participants

A broad indication of a research articles ____ can be estimated by looking at the # of times the article has been cited.

Importance or usefulness to the field

parametric; accuracy of spectographic matches

Experimental questions are most likely to be found in the

Last paragraph of the introduction

Sometimes there is a lack of evidence perfectly aligned to your clinical situation. What do you do?

available evidence extrapolated and applied to your client, clinical expertise/ knowledge of client to determine if the

give ½ the participants Task A first and ½ the participants Task

frequency of eye-blinking and finger tapping; time (# of therapy sessions)

Name the components of a PICO question.

Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome

A committee responsible for determining if proposed research is ethical

What is one disadvantage of systematic reviews?

relies on existing body of literature

According to Coidiero et al. (2015), common flaws in the introduction section include:

insufficient background info, or limited to a unique conceptual framework,

Descriptive research methods

do not involve manipulation of an indenendent variable.

grey literature; publication bias

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Research Methods

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Questions 87

Answers

1
.
there was NO statis sign difference in ratings before and after treatment
there was NO a clinical signif diff in ratings before and after treatment
there WAS a statistic significant diff in ratings b4 and after treatment
2
The introduction of a research article should include,
confirmatory and contradicting evidence
broad review of related previous findings
A discussion of the experimental findings
A detailed description of the experiment
3
.
group comparison
parametric
multivalent
bivalent
4
.
power analysis; number of participants
power analysis; reliability
survey; odds ratio
case study; odds ratio
5
"Empirical" refers to research data derived from
Experimental manipulations
Quasi-experimental designs
Observations
Correlational designs
6
.
experimental; descriptive
experimental: correlational
descriptive; correlationa.
correlational; experiemntal
7
IRBs are required only for research conducted in a university setting.
False
True
8
____generally depend on deductive reasoning, whereas ___ depend on inductive reasoning
Psychologists; SLPs
Rationalists; empiricists
Empiricists; rationalists
SLPS; psychologists
9
Meta-analysis is the strongest
False
True
10
.
Effectiveness, efficacy
Effectiveness: efficiency
efficacy: effectiveness
11
A broad indication of a research articles ____ can be estimated by looking at the # of times the article has been cited.
Scientific validity
Funding
Funding
Importance or usefulness to the field
12
.
procedure
method
data analysis plan
results
13
.
.25
1.5
4.0
.4
14
.
foreground; qualitative
background; qualitative
foreground; mixed
background; mixed
15
Indiscriminately running stat tests on data hoping to find a relationship/significant findings with no research qs is
meta-analysis
Data dredging
p-hacking
Cherry picking
16
Name the ASHA resource that provides content vetted by subject matter experts.
Evidence Maps
Special Interest Group online communities
Practice Portal
17
.
Norminal
Ordinal
18
The extent to which a researcher (or clinican) follows the prescribed research protocol is called ___
fidelity
attrition
reliability
external validity
19
A meta-analysis is an example of a____ source.
primary
tertiary
secondary
20
.
multivalent; group and age
parametric; accuracy of spectographic matches
bivalent; vowels and consonants
bivalent; group
21
Beneficence refers to the concept of maximizing benefits while minimizing risks.
False
True
22
In developmental research, AGE is the independent variable.
False
True
23
Experimental questions are most likely to be found in the
The appendix
First paragraph of the introduction
The methods section
Last paragraph of the introduction
24
.
RCTs
RTI
NOMS
ASHA PT Portal
25
Sometimes there is a lack of evidence perfectly aligned to your clinical situation. What do you do?
available evidence extrapolated and applied to your client
use only anecdotal information from colleagues
clinical expertise/ knowledge of client to determine if the
choose another goal for your client
26
.
give ½ the participants Task A first and ½ the participants Task
Throw out Task B
Throw out Task A and Task B
throw out lask A
27
.
operational definition
sampling strategy
hypothesis
knowledge gap
28
Bivalent experiments are important because they can reveal complex interactions between variables.
True
False
29
In case-control studies, a "case" represents
someone in the treatment group
someone in the disorder group
the only subiect in the study
someone in the normative sampie
30
.
time (# of therapy sessions); frequency of eye-blinking and finger tapping
frequency of eye-blinking and finger tapping; time (# of therapy sessions)
time (number of therapy sessions); frequency of stuttering
frequency of stuttering; frequency of eye-blinking and finger tapping
31
Which of the following has been identified as being the least studied type of research in ASHA journals
intervention
feasibility
basic
Implementation
32
.
Effectiveness
efficacy
Reliability
The Rosenthal Effect
33
Name the components of a PICO question.
Population, Intervention, Contacts, Outcome
Person, Internal, Contrast, Outgoing
Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
34
Epistemology is the study of nature and foundation of knowledge
True
False
35
"There is a general lack of research in the area of..."==Research gap
False
True
36
What is an IRB?
A judicial committee responsible for evaluating plagiarism
A committee for determining if research project is scientifically sound
A government panel responsible for evaluating grant proposals
A committee responsible for determining if proposed research is ethical
37
In order to maintain certification, ASHA members must complete 30 continuing education hours every three years.
True
False
38
False information that is spread unintentionally is referred to as a meme.
False
True
39
.
journals; individual articles
white papers: grev literature
grey literature; white papers
individual articles: journals
40
.
tenacity
authority
empiricism
experience
41
Snowballing and chain referral are examples of
Externa validity
Extraneous varladies
Contro variables
Sampling strategies
42
What is one disadvantage of systematic reviews?
easy to find
relies on existing body of literature
small sample size
43
.
Experimental: descriptive
Descriptive; experimental
Applied research; basic research
Basic research: applied research
44
According to Coidiero et al. (2015), common flaws in the introduction section include:
insufficient background info, or limited to a unique conceptual framework,
relevant and sufnciently detailed previous research
including contradictory previous findings
clarify operationalization of constructs, research questions and hypotheses
45
Descriptive research methods
are used to assess casually
involve manipulation of one independent variable
involve manipulation of two independent variables
do not involve manipulation of an indenendent variable.
46
A well-designed study attempts to control for extraneous variables
True
False
47
Comparative, descriptive, between groups research designs, any group differences existed before the study
True
False
48
"Based on this theory, we predict we will find..."==Deductive reasoning
True
False
49
Group designs have better external validity, compared to single subject designs.
False
True
50
In multiple baseline single-subject designs, a normative sample serves as the control.
True
False
51
.
scholarly journal articles; attrition blas
science journalism; assignment blas
white papers; repornng blas
grey literature; publication bias
52
Synthesized evidence derived from systematic methods is called:
scoping reviews
systematic reviews and meta-analyses
tutorials
narrative reviews
53
.
multiple baseline AB; across outcomes
multiple baseline ABA; across outcomes
multiple baseline ABA; across participants
multiple baseline ABAB; across participants
54
"Empirical" refers to research data derived from
Observations
Quasi-experimental designs
correlational designs
Experimental manipulations
55
Which is not considered a measure of social validity?
clinical feasibility
stakeholder satisfaction
perception of meaningtul gains (e.g., response to tX
statistical significance
56
___Is the extent to which results reflect a true cause-effect relationship
Internal validity
Attrition
External validity
Feasibility
57
.
External validity
Intra-rater reliability
Internal validitv
Inter-rater reliabilit
58
Name the ASHA resource that provides content vetted by subject matter experts.
Practice portal
Special Interest Group online communities
Evidence maps
59
A brochure published by ASHA is an example of a ___ source
secondary
tertiary
primary
60
.
qualitative
longitudinal
mixed
quantitive
61
.
empirisism
experience
authority
tenacity
62
If participants' performance was divided into mild, moderate, and severe stuttering groups=ordinal scale of measurement.
False
True
63
.
ordinal
extraneous
nominal
ratio
64
Methods of tenacity and authority are both "ways of knowin?" and thus aspects of
experience
epistemology
empiricism
efficacy
65
.
4.0
.5
.05
.12
66
In multiple baseline single-subject designs, a normative sample serves as the control.
False
True
67
3 subsections of the Methods section of a scholarly research paper: participants, measures, procedures
True
False
68
.
Dependent variable; independent variable
Construct; operational definition
Operanona dennition, construct
Independent variable; dependent variable
69
"The aim of this study is to...."==Purpose statement
False
True
70
The most informative way (or a standardized way) to present descriptive statistics in a figure is to use
scatterpiot
pie chart
box-and-whisker plot
line graph
71
.
True
False
72
What are three components of EBP in communication disorders
External Clinical Expertise, Expert Opinion, Client Perspectives
External Scientific Evidence, Clinical Expertise, Clinician Perspective
External Scientific Evidence, Clinical Expertise, Client Perspectives
73
In developmental research, maturation is the independent variable.
False
True
74
Indiscriminately running statistical tests on data hoping to find a relationship with no research question in mind is
Data dredging
Cherry picking
narrative review
p-hacking
75
.
participants; inter rater reliability
limitations; external validity
procedures; internal validity
materials; intra rater reliability
76
Mark two ways to assess change in a multiple baseline single-subject design;
Calculate cohen's d
Establish correlations
Calculate p values
Visually examine trendlines
77
What are the steps of the EBP process?
Frame the Clinical Question
Make the Clinical Decision
Assess the Evidence
Find the Evidence
78
.
basic research; applied research
applied research; basic research
deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning
inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning
79
.
interval
nominal
ordinal
ratio
80
Correlational analyses imply a causal/directional relationship between 2 variables, whereas regression analyses do not.
True
False
81
A well-designed study
Always yields a statistically significant finding
Will never yield spurious, or meaningless, findings
Attempts to control for extraneous variables
82
A broad indication of a research article's __ can be estimated by looking at the # of times the article has been cited.
scientific validity
Importance or usefulness to the field
Funding
Innovation
83
Expert opinion is the weakest
True
False
84
False information that is spread unintentionally is referred to as a meme.
False
True
85
Which are listed in correct order, from MOST desirable to LEAST desirable?
ratio, interval, nominal, ordinal
interval, ratio, nominal, ordinal
ratio, interval, ordinal, nominal
nominal, ratio, interval, ordinal
86
"These findings are consistent with…."==Inductive reasoning
True
False
87
.
EBP briefs
grey literature
white papers
PICO papers

Research Methods Flashcards | StudBud