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First Semester Final
First Semester Final
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AP Psychology, Meyer Units 1-4 and 14
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
The basilar membrane is located in the
auditory canal.
middle ear.
semicircular canal.
cochlea.
2
Cocktail party effect is ability to attend to 1 voice among many. This shows Gestalt principle
proximity.
connectedness.
similarity.
figure and ground.
3
effects of the perceived distance of objects on their perceived size helps us to understand
the Moon illusion.
phantom limb sensations.
the McGurk effect.
prosopagnosia.
4
Personality traits are more strongly influenced by
environmental relatives than by genetic relatives.
nurture than by nature.
home environment than by genes.
genes than by the home environment.
5
Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements
thalamus
hypothalamus
cerebellum
amygdala
6
The frustration-aggression principle suggests that anger results when
attitudes affect actions through normative social influences
self-awareness and self-restraint are reduced.
an attempt to achieve some goal is blocked.
false stereotypes influence perceptions of others.
7
Psychological diff btwn men and women result from bio or social influences involve debate over
structuralism versus functionalism
stage development versus continuous development
nature versus nurture
behavior versus mental processes
8
Chromosomes are composed of
synapses.
hormones.
deoxyribonucleic acid.
neurotransmitters.
9
Seeing someone daily in class but not recognizing same person at the store =
proximity.
context effects.
linear perspective.
monocular cues
10
Relief of pain following ingestion of inert substance that's thought to have Rx benefits shows
the hindsight bias.
illusory correlation.
the placebo effect.
the double-blind effect.
11
The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the
cornea.
visual cortex.
pupil.
blind spot.
12
C. Sherrington observed that impulses took longer to travel a neural pathway than anticipated.
endorphins
synaptic gaps.
interneurons.
hormones.
13
Believes people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter foods because of human survival.
evolutionary perspective
psychodynamic perspective
behavioral perspective
social-cultural perspective
14
Within a single neuron the action potential
will be slower if myelin is present.
crosses the synapse to the adjacent neurons.
is generated in the dendrites.
travels in one direction toward the axon terminals.
15
Welcoming many different opinions from coworkers, employees, and experts. This should inhibit
groupthink.
social facilitation.
social loafing.
cognitive dissonance.
16
Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which
each individual has a unique perspective.
individuals share a similar opinion.
individuals have not formed any opinion.
little communication is possible.
17
Alex tickles his brother by stroking adjacent __ spots on his skin
warmth
pain
cold
pressure
18
The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the
retina.
iris.
optic nerve.
lens.
19
If a hearing aid can restore loss of hearing, its likely hearing loss involves problems within
inner ear.
auditory nerve.
basilar membrane.
middle ear.
20
Consciously, Z doesn't thinks he's prejudice. Yet feels uncomfortable around other races. Shows
situational and dispositional attributions.
equity and self-disclosure
explicit and implicit attitudes.
social facilitation and social loafing.
21
The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it
overestimates the importance of operational definitions.
leads us to lessen the causal relationships btwn events.
may be unrepresentative of what is generally true.
is based on naturalistic observation.
22
Cat's amygdala is stimulated = cat prepares to attack. Which part of ANS is activated
parasympathetic
somatic
central
sympathetic
23
Prof noticed distribution of students' scores on her last test had a small SD. This indicates
mean test score was lower than the median score.
test was given to a very small class of students.
students generally performed very well on the test.
students' scores tended to be very similar to one another.
24
What is the main difference between an MRI scan and an fMRI scan
MRI = internal structure brain, fMRI = external structures.
MRI = glucose levels in brain, fMRI = oxygen levels.
MRI = structural of the brain, fMRI = structure & activity
MRI scans use X-rays, fMRI scans use gamma rays.
25
Accommodation refers to the process where
sensing the position and movement of muscles.
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
lens changes shape to focus images on the retina.
stimulus energies are changed into neural messages.
26
The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that
color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes.
the retina has three types of color receptors.
object's perceived color influenced by surrounding objects.
quivering eye movements help maintain perception of color.
27
Annual income and education level would best enable you to predict income on level of edu
+0.05
–0.01
+0.50
+0.10
28
Gate-control theory suggests pain is experienced when small nerves activate and open gate in
basilar membrane.
spinal cord.
olfactory bulb.
semicircular canals.
29
Replication involves
repeating an earlier research study.
the selection of random samples.
rejecting ideas that cannot be scientifically tested.
perceiving order in random events.
30
Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote
plasticity.
neurogenesis.
hemispherectomy.
phrenology.
31
research method that studies 1 person in depth and try to draw conclusions about others
naturalistic observation
experimentation
hindsight bias
case study
32
seeing optical illusion = experiencing + brain waves & bloodflow to which brain structure?
left hemisphere
right hemisphere
reticular formation
thalamus
33
The role of central nervous system activity for the experience of pain is best highlighted by
phantom limb sensations.
frequency theory.
prosopagnosia.
perceptual adaptation.
34
American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?
John B. Watson
William James
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
35
avoid talking with food in mouth because other people think it is inappropriate illistrates
individualism.
norms.
deindividuation.
stereotypes.
36
Integration of sensory capacities, cultural contexts, and Gestalt principles best illustrates
Weber's law.
human factors psychology.
a biopsychosocial approach.
parapsychology.
37
People from individualistic Western countries are more likely to demonstrate
the fundamental attribution error.
conformity.
ethnic stereotyping.
ingroup bias.
38
theory emphasizes personal expectations and motivations influence level of absolute thresholds
place theory
opponent-process theory
signal detection theory
frequency theory
39
The simultaneous stimulation of adjacent cold and warmth spots on the skin produce sensation of
pressure.
wetness.
hot.
cold.
40
listening to high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is
the volley principle.
sensory adaptation.
Weber's law.
accommodation
41
A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a
mutation.
hormone.
chromosome.
gene.
42
Research on physical attractiveness indicates that
attractiveness doesnt predict their frequency of dating
babies dont show preferences for any face characteristics.
most children perceive themselves to be unattractive.
babies prefer attractive over unattractive faces.
43
A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer
sensorineural hearing loss.
conduction hearing loss.
loss of movement.
loss of balance.
44
A cold stuffs the nose, leading to taste loss. This illustrates
accommodation.
serial processing.
kinesthesis.
sensory interaction.
45
Compared with identical twins, fraternal twins are
↑ likely 2b same sex & ↓ likely 2b similar in extraversion.
↑ likely 2b same sex & ↑ likely 2b similar extraversion.
↓ likely 2b same sex & ↑ likely 2b similar extraversion.
↓ likely 2b same sex & ↓ likely 2b similar in extraversion.
46
The most commonly reported measure of central tendency is the
median.
normal distribution.
mode.
mean.
47
car accident resulted from carelessness; accident provides an example of
a dispositional attribution.
the bystander effect
ingroup bias.
deindividuation
48
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of
healthy growth potential
genetic predispositions
childhood memories
unconscious thoughts
49
look at an apple, its reflected light goes to eye. Rods/cones absorb light + transmit info
perception
sensation
top-down processing
selective attention
50
Dr. Will conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people.
industrial-organizational psychology
clinical psychology
cognitive psychology
personality psychology
51
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to
exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome
dismiss the value of replication
reject any ideas that cannot be scientifically tested
assume that correlation proves causation
52
hearing someone reading a neutral text in a sad voice creates “mood contagion” in listeners
the chameleon effect.
the mere exposure effect.
the bystander effect.
ingroup bias.
53
participants in Philip Zimbardo's simulated prison study
Were assigned roles by test scores
allowed experiment to get out of hand, leading to shutdown
Found it difficult to play role of guard
became a cohesive unit when they pursued superordinate goals
54
The biopsychosocial approach to pain is likely to emphasize the importance of both
frequency and place theories.
top-down and bottom-up processing.
telepathy and clairvoyance.
kinesthesis and psychokinesis.
55
attends meetings simply to gain approval of the school principal. behavior shows importance of
social facilitation.
normative social influence.
ingroup bias.
informational social influence.
56
Report that a pesticide was not harmful to humans exemplifies critical thinking in which way?
“I'll use this product, but I think I'll wear gloves.”
“I don't like to use pesticides, but this one is safe.”
“I wonder who funded this study?”
"I will try this pesticide on my own garden to kill pests”
57
The association areas are located in the
spinal cord.
limbic system.
cerebral cortex.
brainstem.
58
The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by
the eardrum.
the oval window.
the auditory cortex.
hair cells.
59
Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?
sensory cortex
angular gyrus
Broca's area
association areas
60
most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self-esteem?
+0.01
+0.01
–0.06
+0.60
61
influence of bodily sensations, gestures on cognitive preferences and judgments is known as
kinesthesia.
embodied cognition
parallel processing.
perceptual set.
62
binds to its receptor sites on a dendrite and mimics that neurotransmitter's effects called?
antagonists
endocrines
action potentials
agonists
63
When utilized in court, expert testimony from psychologist illustrates that psychology
can be used to manipulate people.
is becoming dangerously powerful.
is nothing more than common sense and intuition.
can help people understand some of our worlds great problems
64
Which of the following sensory receptors detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals?
olfactory
nociceptors
hair cells
bipolar
65
Debates regarding the origins of knowledge, Aristotle is to __ as Plato is to __
soul; body
introspection; observation
stability; change
nurture; nature
66
Identical twins separated at birth would be most likely to have similar
religious beliefs.
norms.
political ideas.
personality.
67
The somatic nervous system is a component of the __ nervous system
central
sympathetic
autonomic
peripheral
68
Z is the only juror to favor acquittal on a murder trial. To influence the majority, he should
express some uncertainty about his position.
be self-confident and consistent in expressing viewpoints
be last member to speak. Present argument quickly
find out whether fellow jurors have similar backgrounds.
69
Scent is directly linked to limbic system, this explains why smell is tied to
altered states of consciousness
subliminal perception
pain sensations
vivid memories
70
Which best explains why children are more likely to resist eating strong-tasting foods
Young kids have ↑ taste buds, so sensitivity to taste is ↑.
Sensory interaction makes certain foods more yucky to taste.
Children are more influenced by the McGurk effect
Only kids are deterred from eating foods with yucky tastes.