Why might those from collectivist cultures be less likely than those from individualist cultures to seek psychotherapy?

They may feel less comfortable with communicating their personal needs.

Which of the following examples represents the concept of the mere-exposure effect?

Ryan grows to like a commercial the more he watches that commercial

Employers are most likely to ensure high performance and job satisfaction from their workers if the employers

Redesign jobs to increase workers' responsibility and flexibility

During a debate, Candidate A expresses detailed facts on an important issue. Candidate B responds with emotional appeal

A is using the central route, and B is using the peripheral route.

An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the

Effectiveness of management training

Kristin sees a man fall to the ground. Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of her helping him?

The man fell at a crowded farmers market.

In Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments, subject were LEAST likely to deliver maximum levels of shock when the

subject observed other subjects who refused to obey the orders

Ethnocentrism is described in which scenario?

Martin distrusts a religion because it is uncommon where he lives

What is culture generally understood to be?

A collection of behaviors, attitudes, and identities shared by a group

Which of the following examples describes groupthink?

No one wanted to disagree, so they picked an ugly beige color paint.

According to the fundamental attribution error, what is likely to be a student’s explanation for a classmate’s failure?

The classmate was too lazy to study hard.

Which is NOT a method for reducing dissonance after refusing to contribute money for a gift to a coworker?

Saying a phrase such as “I am so rude” over and over

What is enculturation?

Learning and adopting the values, norms, and behaviors of your own culture

Diffusion of responsibility has been used to explain which of the following findings in social psychology?

A person seeing an emergency alone is more likely to help than in a group.

Which of the following examples best represents altruism?

Booker stops to help someone even though it puts him in danger.

The fundamental attribution error occurs when individuals do which of the following?

Overestimate the influence of personal qualities compared to situational

A student has just failed an exam. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be evidence of the self-serving bias?

“I didn’t study hard enough.”

Which of the following is an example of social facilitation?

An athlete performs better in games before a large crowd than in practice

The term group polarization refers to the tendency for

prevailing opinion within a group to become more extreme after discussion

Which of the following was true of Solomon Asch's experiments on conformity?

If the confederates' judgments were not unanimous, conformity decreased

An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?

When the bystander is the only other person present

Which of the following hypotheses would most likely be evaluated by an industrial-organizational psychologist?

Improved lighting conditions will lead to increased worker productivity

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UNIT REVIEW - Sociocutural

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1
Why might those from collectivist cultures be less likely than those from individualist cultures to seek psychotherapy?
They are more motivated to research all treatment options.
They may be more likely to experience learned helplessness.
They may feel less comfortable with communicating their personal needs.
They focus on the self, so will handle it on their own
2
Jim is better at computer games when his friends are watching than when he plays alone.
Social facilitation
Normative social influence
Group polarization
Social loafing
3
Alone, Jaci puts good effort and meets deadlines. In a group, she rarely attends meetings and always misses the deadline
group polarization
groupthink
ethnocentrism
social loafing
4
In Milgram’s experiments, what explains the willingness to apply increasingly intense shocks to the confederate?
Social facilitation
Groupthink
Door-in-the-face
Foot-in-the-door
5
Which of the following examples represents the concept of the mere-exposure effect?
Alexei believes everything that her favorite singer says on social media
Douglas prefers to watch movies only once, as he hates repeated information
Ryan grows to like a commercial the more he watches that commercial
Ritu fell in love with her favorite movie the first time she saw it
6
Employers are most likely to ensure high performance and job satisfaction from their workers if the employers
Double the workers' wages
Pay per hour rather than per quantity produced
Monitor workers and punish the ones who are lazy
Redesign jobs to increase workers' responsibility and flexibility
7
The just-world hypothesis would best explain which of the following phenomena?
Bystander apathy
Blaming the victim
Cognitive dissonance
The need for power
8
During a debate, Candidate A expresses detailed facts on an important issue. Candidate B responds with emotional appeal
A is using the central route, and B is using the peripheral route.
A is using the peripheral route, and B is using the central route.
A is using the central route, and B is using the foot-in-the-door technique
A is using the peripheral route, and B is using the door-in-the-face techni
9
An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the
Industrialization of the United States
Cognitive development of adults
Effectiveness of management training
Career development of high school students
10
Lisa is a college English major. She believes all math majors are analytical, logical, and serious.
In-group bias
Out-group homogeneity bias
Stereotype threat
Group polarization
11
The more bystanders, the less likely it is that one of them will help someone in trouble. This is explained by:
Group polarization
Altruism
Ethnocentrism
Diffusion of responsibility
12
The more bystanders, the less likely it is that one of them will help someone in trouble. This result is explained by
altruism
ethnocentrism
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
13
These cultures often place more emphasis on group instead of personal achievement.
Social-cognitive
Individualistic
Intrinsic
Collectivist
14
Kristin sees a man fall to the ground. Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of her helping him?
Kristin feels distress with not helping.
The man fell at a crowded farmers market.
The man clearly states that he needs help.
Kristin's empathy is high.
15
Even though Eli prefers romantic comedy movies, he often goes to action-adventure movies to fit in with his friends.
obedience
informational social influence
normative social influence
the reciprocity norm
16
“It belongs to human nature to hate those you have injured.” This belief is best explained by
drive-reduction theory
the two-factor theory of emotion
cognitive dissonance theory
evolutionary psychology
17
In Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments, subject were LEAST likely to deliver maximum levels of shock when the
subject observed other subjects who refused to obey the orders
“learner” said that he had a heart condition
experimenter told hesitant subjects, “You have no choice, you must go on”
“learner” screamed loudly in pain
18
Michelle paid for the lunch, and as a result, Jill feels that she should do something for Michelle.
Social facilitation
Altruism
The fundamental attribution error
The reciprocity norm
19
One way to reduce intergroup conflict is to establish
diffusion of responsibility
counterconformity
superordinate goals
bystander apathy
20
Ethnocentrism is described in which scenario?
Sharon shops only at businesses owned by a certain ethnic group
Justin feels anxiety whenever he is around someone from another country
Martin distrusts a religion because it is uncommon where he lives
Oren refuses to be lab partners with any of the girls in his class
21
What is culture generally understood to be?
A biological adaptation unique to human evolution
A collection of behaviors, attitudes, and identities shared by a group
A set of genetic traits passed down through generations
A rigid system that does not change over time
22
People who find themselves engaging in behavior that is against their principles will most likely experience
social facilitation
an approach-avoidance conflict
homeostasis
cognitive dissonance
23
Which of the following is an individual more likely to do when working in a group?
Show a decline in work output
Provide needed help to a stranger
Endorse an opinion with low popularity among group members
Increase effort on a project
24
Individuals are most likely to obey when demands are made by a
close friend
physically attractive individual
colleague of similar rank
legitimate authority
25
Which of the following examples describes groupthink?
A professor drops a stack of papers in a crowded hallway, and no one helps
Company makes employees wear khaki pants, so they all wear khaki pants
No one wanted to disagree, so they picked an ugly beige color paint.
Josiah runs slower for a relay race than he does when running individually
26
According to the fundamental attribution error, what is likely to be a student’s explanation for a classmate’s failure?
The classmate missed class too often.
The classmate was too lazy to study hard.
The classmate was not well.
There were too many picky questions on the exam.
27
Which is NOT a method for reducing dissonance after refusing to contribute money for a gift to a coworker?
Saying a phrase such as “I am so rude” over and over
Making a donation to a charity in the coworker’s name
Repeating the thought that the coworker makes a lot and doesn't need a gift
Volunteering to buy a gift for another coworker for a different occasion
28
The process by which one evaluates the causes of other people’s behavior is called
attribution
social cognition
persuasion
cognitive dissonance
29
The process by which important group decisions may be distorted because different viewpoints are not encouraged
Groupthink
Just-world hypothesis
Pluralistic ignorance
Social loafing
30
After discussion, a group makes a decision more extreme than the prior average position of all of the group members.
group consensus
diffusion of responsibility
group consistency
group polarization
31
Lisa admires a musician who she thinks is attractive. Because of the musician’s looks, Lisa assumes he is smart and kind
Social comparison
Overconfidence
Self-serving bias
The halo effect
32
What is enculturation?
The process of creating entirely new cultural traditions
The forced assimilation of minority cultures into a dominant culture
The rejection of cultural traditions in favor of modern practices
Learning and adopting the values, norms, and behaviors of your own culture
33
When Al scores low on his test he blames the difficulty. When he hears Chuck scored low, he says it's cause Chuck's dumb
Displacement
Belief perseverance
The actor-observer bias
A self-fulfilling prophecy
34
Ms. Troyna finds that students who plagiarize the most overestimate how often other students plagiarize.
Halo effect
Hindsight bias
False consensus effect
Fundamental attribution theory
35
Diffusion of responsibility has been used to explain which of the following findings in social psychology?
People in a group lose their individual identity and become more cohesive.
People often perform better when working in a group than when working alone
People often conform because of peer pressure.
A person seeing an emergency alone is more likely to help than in a group.
36
Which of the following examples best represents altruism?
Josie forms a study group to hold herself accountable for studying.
Benny does extra work on a group project to impress his friends.
Darby helps his boss in order to get some overtime pay.
Booker stops to help someone even though it puts him in danger.
37
Placing group needs above one’s own needs is known as
ethnocentrism
ego defense
collectivism
cognitive dissonance
38
Lori reads 12 research studies that say REM sleep is important for memory. She doesn't believe it + stays up all night.
Belief perseverance
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Fundamental attribution error
Confirmation bias
39
The fundamental attribution error occurs when individuals do which of the following?
Underestimate the influence of unconscious motivation
Incorrectly assume that all behavior is determined by genetic factors
Overestimate the influence of personal qualities compared to situational
Mold their interpretations of the past to fit how events actually turnedout
40
A student has just failed an exam. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be evidence of the self-serving bias?
“That material was so hard that no one could have passed that class.”
“My teacher hates me.”
“I was having a pretty bad day when I took that test.”
“I didn’t study hard enough.”
41
People were asked to sign a petition in support of a candidate. Later, those who signed were asked to donate money
Social facilitation
The self-serving bias
The foot-in-the-door technique
The door-in-the-face technique
42
When Julie’s BF bought her a nice present, she thought, “He buys me presents because he’s such a nice person.” This is
a belief in a just world
an attribution
social facilitation
a stereotype
43
Which of the following is an example of social facilitation?
An editor’s productivity increases when she is given a private office
An athlete performs better in games before a large crowd than in practice
A child smiles more often with family members than with strangers
A student scores higher on tests taken with classmates than with strangers
44
The primary difference between the central route and the peripheral route to persuasion is whether it focuses on
Social roles
Historical events
The content of the message
Internal attributions
45
The term group polarization refers to the tendency for
prevailing opinion within a group to become more extreme after discussion
two opposing factions to emerge within a group
a single leader to eventually dominate most groups
one or more group members to eventually have their opinions disregarded
46
Which of the following was true of Solomon Asch's experiments on conformity?
Subjects conformed less when their judgments were made known to the group
An increase from 7 to 12 confederates increased conformity
People conformed if they knew and respected the authority figure present
If the confederates' judgments were not unanimous, conformity decreased
47
Which phenomenon was demonstrated when participants in Milgram’s experiment administered the highest level of voltage?
Conformity
Deindividuation
Obedience
Group cohesion
48
An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?
When the injury is severe
When a large number of people are present
When the bystander is the only other person present
When the other people present are not helping the injured person
49
People who are part of a crowd sometimes commit aggressive, antisocial acts that they would not commit if alone
Cognitive dissonance
Social facilitation
Deindividuation
Groupthink
50
After spending time with her coworker James at a week-long conference, Deb finds herself attracted to him.
The mere-exposure effect
Deindividuation
The fundamental attribution error
A social trap
51
Which of the following hypotheses would most likely be evaluated by an industrial-organizational psychologist?
A new drug will have a significant effect on reducing symptoms of depressio
Personal daily gratitude practices will lead to higher levels of happiness
Improved lighting conditions will lead to increased worker productivity
Group identification will influence attitudes and behaviors toward outgroup
52
Which is a dispositional attribution for the reason a student fell asleep in class?
The class was scheduled too early in the morning.
The class is boring.
The warm temperature of the room put the student to sleep.
The student does not care about the class.
53
Claude, a waiter, gives extra appetizers to his return customers because they often tip him more when he does.
Normative social influence
The reciprocity norm
The proximity effect
Social facilitation
54
A supervisor who doubts the competence of a new employee criticizes everything they do. The new employee then does bad.
The halo effect
Latent learning
The Hawthorne effect
A self-fulfilling prophecy
55
The tendency to believe another person’s behavior is caused by dispositional factors as opposed to environmental factors
an implicit personality theory
the fundamental attribution error
situational attribution
impression management
56
Katie explaining to her parents why they should let her go to CMU. She presents them info on tuition + financial aid
The self-serving bias
The door-in-the-face technique
The central route to persuasion
An algorithm
57
In the experiments of Solomon Asch, the tendency of group members to conform was reduced most by...
The threat of punishment
The appointment of a democratic leader
The presence of a single dissenter
Frequent interaction among the group members
58
In experiments on obedience, what is an explanation for participants’ willingness to apply increasingly intense shocks
Foot-in-the-door
Social facilitation
Anchoring
Groupthink
59
A stereotype is defined as which of the following?
A generalization about a social group
An adjustment of one’s behavior in response to peer pressure
A belief that one’s own culture is superior to all others
A negative action taken against someone who is a member of a social group
60
Lily believes all young men are reckless drivers. Which of the following concepts best represents Lily’s belief?
Situational attribution
Pessimistic explanatory style
Discrimination
Stereotype
61
People often judge their own sense of deprivation relative to others
Relative deprivation
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Mere exposure effect
Fundamental attribution error
62
Marissa is a good tennis player whose performance seems to improve as the crowd watching her gets larger.
a social schema
social facilitation
the bystander effect
the self-serving bias
63
A basic assumption underlying the definition of groupthink is that
members are primarily interested in their own advancement within the group
more reasonable decisions are made by groups than by individuals
decisions made by groups are more extreme than those made by individuals
group members desire peace and harmony within the group
64
Which of the following is most useful in under-standing an employer's interpretation of an employee's poor performance?
Arousal theory
Reinforcement theory
Attribution theory
Cognitive dissonance
65
In Milgram’s classic research what percentage of participants administered the highest voltage shock?
85%
40%
60%
25%
66
The results of Stanley Milgram’s studies on obedience suggested that
people usually obey their consciences when given orders
most people resist social coercion
most people will obey perceived authority figures’ instructions to harm
obedient people are unable to empathize with others
67
Ralph knows that smoking is bad for his health, but he still smokes. Cognitive dissonance theory says that Ralph will...
focus on the social advantages to smoking
argue that his friends should stop smoking
start smoking more frequently
gather information on the dangers of smoking
68
When people evaluate themselves based on comparisons to other members of society or social circles.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Actor-observer bias
Mere exposure effect
Social comparison
69
After Kelly’s friends all buy the same red striped sweatshirt, Kelly buys one as well, even though she doesn’t like red.
Informational social influence
Deindividuation
Obedience
Normative social influence
70
According to attribution theory, Pablo is most likely to attribute his high score on a difficult exam to
the low level of difficulty of the exam
his instructor's teaching ability
his intelligence
good luck
71
What is acculturation?
The rejection of all cultural traditions and beliefs
Adopting elements of another culture while maintaining your original cultur
The process of isolating cultures to prevent external influences
The complete replacement of one culture with another
72
What field of psychology analyzes the efficiency of businesses in their hiring, basic training, and management
Clinical
Industrial/organizational
Educational
Quantitative
73
The failure of bystanders to give victims of car accidents needed assistance is sometimes explained as an instance of
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
mere exposure effect
group polarization
74
An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?
When the injury is severe
When the bystander is the only other person present
When it is unclear if the injured person needs help
When the other people present are not helping the injured person
75
Which of these studies was met with the greatest criticism about the ethical issues involved?
Stanley Milgram’s studies on obedience
Irving Janis’ studies on groupthink
Muzafer Sherif’s Robbers Cave study
Solomon Asch’s studies on conformity
76
When watching the Olympics, most people cheer for athletes from their own country.
Social facilitation
Mere-exposure effect
In-group bias
Groupthink
77
What is cultural transmission?
The transformation of one culture into another through conquest
The way cultural values are passed from one generation to the next
The rejection of traditional values in favor of modern ideas
The loss of culture due to globalization
78
When Jer hears that his neighbor’s house was robbed, he says he deserved it because he leaves his door unlocked.
Out-group homogeneity bias
The just-world hypothesis
The availability heuristic
The fundamental attribution error
79
Which of the following best reflects a situational/external attribution?
Dan practices his violin before his lesson.
Marcy concludes she did poorly on her exam because it was unfair.
Sheila believes poor people are responsible for their financial problems.
George believes that working hard will lead to a promotion at work.
80
Which of the following best illustrates group polarization?
Trisha did very little work on the group project
Kima put on a mascot costume and began to taunt and yell at opposing fans
After a crowd began to form around him, Kendall started playing better.
After the pep rally, the students in the school had even more school spirit
81
Dhyana is tasked with designing a political campaign that utilizes the peripheral route to persuasion
Visiting political science classes at local colleges
Hosting a six-hour town hall meeting
Hiring a well-known actress to stand next to the candidate at a rally
Hosting one-on-one meetings between the candidate and potential voters
82
When his team wins, Joe says it is because his team is good. When his team loses, it is because the refs made bad calls.
self-serving bias, because he sees his team as being better than it is
self-serving bias, because he thinks all referees are unfair
conformity, because his team follows all the rules of the game
conformity, because he sees his team as being better than it is
83
Which of the following regularities in behavior can most likely be accounted for by the existence of a group norm?
Students tend to use less profanity with adults than they do with peers.
The average annual income of industrial workers in 1972 was $7,250.
Most people sleep at least six hours a night.
People perform well-learned behaviors better in the presence of others
84
Morgan made the fundamental attribution error in explaining her students’ poor performance on their geography exam:
“The students just do not care enough about their grades.”
“I will have to present the material to them another way and retest.”
“It was too cold. Maybe that’s why the students did poorly.”
“Maybe I am just not a good teacher.”
85
Kat asks her dad to buy her the priciest phone. When he refuses, she asks for the less expensive phone she really wanted
The foot-in-the-door technique
Informational social influence
Lowballing
The door-in-the-face technique
86
Kristin sees a 40yo man fall. Which of the following situations would decrease the likelihood of her helping him?
Kristin's empathy is high.
Kristin feels distress with not helping.
The man fell at a crowded farmers market.
The man is Kristin's cousin.
87
Which of the following scenarios best represents conformity?
Teacher says not to use cell phones, so Chris doesn't use his cell phone
Marwa's coworker covers her shift, so next weekend Marwa helps her out
Even though most hate lions, they do a project on lions for group harmony
Beth becomes vegan when starting college because her new friends are vegan
88
Bill mistakenly believes that Natalia dislikes him. So, Bill avoids her. Natalia notices this and begins to dislike Bill
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Obedience
Stereotype threat
Mere-exposure effect
89
Leadership, job satisfaction, and employee motivation are all studied in which psychological discipline?
Community psychology
Human factors psychology
Counseling psychology
Industrial-organizational psychology
90
Because the popular students in the high school wear a particular brand of shoe, a new student buys a pair.
Compliance
Obedience
Groupthink
Conformity
91
Rick believes his basketball coach doesn’t like him and subsequently focuses on all the times the coach criticizes him
Confirmation bias
Retroactive interference
Overregularization
The Flynn effect
92
Marc performs poorly on a psych exam and explains his failure by saying, “That test was so hard no one could pass it.”
self-serving bias
the representativeness heuristic
the fundamental attribution error
the just-world hypothesis
93
Of the following students, who is most clearly demonstrating a dispositional/internal attribution?
Tyler, who says he lost class president because the election was rigged
Martin who says he earned a spot on the football team through his hard work
Lyle, who says his team won the quiz bowl tournament because they got lucky
Jane, who says she failed a test because her teacher hates her

UNIT REVIEW - Sociocutural Flashcards | StudBud