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101D exam 2
101D exam 2
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1
A young child who states that “butter is made by butterflies” and “birds grow birdseed” is trying to use:
logical extension.
social mediation.
scaffolding.
theory of mind.
2
Which of these is a secondary sex characteristic?
Males become more aggressive toward females.
Females begin to perform better in classes with male teachers.
Males ejaculate.
Females’ hips grow wider.
3
Which statement is TRUE of the psychosocial development of typical 2- to 5-year-olds?
They have poor self-esteem
They typically have good self-concepts.
They have mixed developments of their self-esteem and self-concepts.
They typically have poor self-concepts
4
A musician who plays for the delight of making music has a(n):
need for attention
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
personal identity
5
The literal meaning of lateralization is:
sidedness
amygdala
ambidextrous
callosum connection
6
Child-centered programs stress children’s development and growth through:
academics.
self-direction and discovery.
following adult directions.
making children “ready to learn.”
7
Low socioeconomic status is related to which factor associated with low academic achievement in children?
use of simplified and smaller vocabulary or impaired grammar
overall word sense
classification
smaller living spaces and less secure residences
8
Past experience, current opportunity, and personal motivation all facilitate increases in:
classification.
knowledge base.
control processes.
information processing.
9
When a person expresses powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts, the person is:
emotionally regulated.
internalizing problems.
extrinsically motivated.
externalizing problems.
10
The belief that nothing changes, which is a characteristic of preoperational thought, is called:
animism.
static reasoning.
symbolic thought.
focus on appearance.
11
Which group is crucial to a bullying circumstance?
peers
siblings
parents
teachers
12
Research has found that sexual orientation is _____ during adolescence
consistent
fluid
identified
stable
13
The same hormones that affect circadian rhythm also affect:
organ growth.
the timing of puberty
appetite.
tissue growth.
14
Japanese culture:
promotes the motto of peace, love, understanding, and superiority.
promotes cutting down “tall poppies” to discourage social comparison
discourages social comparisons aimed at making oneself feel superior.
encourages social comparison to feel superior when compared to another.
15
Failure to most a child’s basic physical, educational, or emotional needs is the definition of child:
abuse.
endangerment.
neglect.
care.
16
The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as:
a growth spurt.
hormonal fluctuations.
proximodistal sequence.
rapid development.
17
In theory, the potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge is:
memorization
knowledge
aptitude
intellect
18
most high school seniors claim they have easy access to:
cocaine.
prescription drugs.
marijuana.
amphetamines.
19
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by:
communication problems and insensitivity to others’ emotions.
subtle mood swings.
outside circumstances.
people who enjoy cold weather.
20
According to research, children who are exposed to more than one language in early childhood:
sometimes engage in code-switching while speaking.
can become fluent in one of the languages but not the other.
usually end up with impaired language development.
become confused and are unable to separate the two languages.
21
The average child knows about_____ words at age 2 and more than _______ at age 6.
500; 20,000
800; 20,000
500; 10,000
800; 10,000
22
Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of _______ prevention
tertiary
unitary
primary
secondary
23
In 2015, which country had one of the highest TIMSS achievement scores?
United States
Netherlands
Singapore
Germany
24
An example of scaffolding is:
joint reading with a child- explaining, pointing, listening.
enrolling a child in a phonics course.
providing a child with educational books.
reading to a child while the child remains quiet and listens.
25
______ is/are a common source for information about sex that is used by adolescents.
Music
Parents
News
The internet
26
When does teacher support generally decrease?
high school
after first grade
after third grade
middle school
27
Research suggests that children engage in imitation of adults:
because they are eager to learn from mentors.
if they will get in trouble for their imitation.
if they will get rewarded for the imitation.
to find the best way to imitate the adult.
28
When it comes to religion:
teens have a religious identity similar to that of their parents.
teens report belonging to “unconventional” religious groups.
teens report being spiritual but not connected to any specific religion.
teens seek out religions different from their parents’ religion.
29
What refers to a boy’s first ejaculation of sperm.
spermarche
puberty
erection
menarche
30
All of the following are associated with early pubertal development EXCEPT:
sleep apnea.
breast cancer.
diabetes.
stroke.
31
Similar to obesity, asthma:
can be generally something that a child outgrows.
can be caused by consuming a poor-quality diet.
can be genetically determined.
can affect learning.
32
A federal project measuring achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subjects is the:
Scholastic Achievement Test.
State’s Report Card.
National Assessment of Educational Progress.
Academic Skills Assessment.
33
When children develop folk psychology, they are trying to respond to questions that revolve around:
truth versus fantasy.
why people engage in certain behaviors.
what others think.
how stories relate to their own life.
34
Family function thrives if the family:
has more than one child.
nurtures peer relationships.
encourages dependence.
is unable to provide security.
35
The advanced development of the limbic system in comparison to the prefrontal cortex can be demonstrated through:
Eveningness
Executive function
Pubertal timing
Sleep schedules
36
Which child is MOST likely to engage in play with peers rather than toys?
6-year-old Enrique, an only child living with his mother and grandmother
18 month-old Sylvia, living with her siblings and parents
6-month-old Ana, living with her aunt and cousins
1-year-old Wade, living with his fathers
37
During puberty, different parts of the brain grow at:
bimodal rates.
different rates.
the same rate.
uniform rates.
38
A measure of abilities in reading, mathematics, or some other subject is a(n):
intelligence test.
aptitude test.
achievement test.
Flynn test.
39
Teacher-directed programs emphasize:
self-paced exploration
play
artistic expression
readiness to learn
40
In 2017, how many United States had high school obesity rates at 15 percent or more?
15
50
42
3
41
The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):
peaks at age 4.
is generally high at age 7.
is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span.
peaks at age 3.
42
______would be a visual and structural representation of a school’s hidden curriculum.
The school’s physical setting
High school murals of their mascots
Advertisements for college prep courses
Federal achievement tests
43
Which attempt to DECREASE teen drug use actually appears to INCREASE use?
policies that limit access to teens
a clean-cut young person advising viewers to think before they smoke
antismoking ad campaigns designed to appeal to the young
parents setting limits on drug/alcohol use
44
_____ is the impulse that propels someone to act.
Punishment
Determination
Motivation
Temperament
45
Peers provide practice in both empathy and:
receptive communication
plasticity
aggression
emotional regulation
46
In the United States, many parochial or private schools were traditionally founded by _____, but this trend has changed.
community organizations
Catholic groups
for profit businesses
Baptist or Muslim groups
47
What contributes to reducing childhood obesity?
being proactive
not encouraging healthy eating habits at home
not limiting children’s screen time
giving in to pester power
48
The middle childhood age group is defined as:
ages 5 to 8.
ages 1 to 4.
ages 4 to 7.
ages 6 to 11.
49
Which statement is consistent with the notion of injury control?
Injuries result from careless parenting or accident-prone children.
Accidents are premeditated events.
Fate determines the frequency and consequences of accidents.
Appropriate controls can minimize harm.
50
Which of these foods is a common allergen?
peanuts
lettuce
apples
onions
51
The term for the time when language learning is MOST easily and readily accomplished is:
a salient period.
a critical period.
a zone of proximal development.
a sensitive period.
52
Which theory asserts that gender roles are learned and that they are a result of nurture rather than nature?
epigenetic theory
cognitive theory
psychoanalytic theory
behaviorism
53
As friendships change from preschool to the school-age years, children are MOST likely to:
demand more of their friends.
change friends more often.
realize that friendships are not important.
find it easier to make friends.
54
Which factors) would help children of war recover from severe depression and anxiety over time?
Daily routines were restored.
All of the above.
Their communities did not reject them.
At least one caregiver survived and was reunited with the child.
55
One characteristic of both aggressive-rejected and withdrawn-rejected children is that they:
correctly interpret social situations.
tend to misinterpret social situations.
are dominant and aggressive.
regulate their emotions.
56
According to research, the BEST way to teach a second language is:
to use only one method or strategy.
the immersion approach
not yet clear.
the systematic English as a Second Language approach in the early grades.
57
Childhood issues with being overweight DO NOT correlate with:
having pets.!
socioeconomic status.
the environment.
genetics
58
Current research found that, by elementary school, Head Start children maintained their strength in:
reading.
counting.
social skills.
vocabulary.
59
A crucial factor for school-age children to thrive is:
adequate education.
siblings that are close in age.
harmony and stability in the home.
a quiet home, even if there are numerous relocations.
60
Why do babies often solo play rather than play together?
Conflict management does not develop until late adolescence.
Babies and infants are not interested in others.
Solo play is a healthier form of play for all children.
Peer play requires social maturation.
61
Which type of play appears first in Parten’s progression of social play?
associative
solitary
parallel
onlooker
62
An undeveloped prefrontal cortex is responsible for in young children.
coordination
intelligence
impulsiveness
visual acuity
63
Although learning disorders can appear in any skill, the DSM-5 recognizes only dyslexia, dyscalculia, and ______
dysgraphia
dyslexia
dyscalculia
multifinality
64
MOST foster children:
would be better off being raised in their original home environment.
are from low-income, ethnic-minority families.
are adopted within three years.
have weekly contact with a social worker.
65
as many as __ percent of high school students report current e-cigarette use.
65
70
20
14
66
During adolescence, testosterone in boys:
Increases to about one-fourth more than it had been before.
Rises dramatically
Increases some
Stabilizes
67
Fifteen-year-old Greta’s parents are active in their local political party. Greta’s political beliefs will MOST likely:
reflect an unconventional belief system.
reflect beliefs opposite to those of her parents.
reflect the beliefs of her parents.
be nonexistent.
68
The statement that growth slows down during middle childhood:
applies to girls but not to boys.
refers to a decrease in the rate of physical growth.
applies to a reduction in the new motor skills added each year.
is inaccurate.
69
How many African nations criminalize those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender?
53
38
85
12
70
The level of moral reasoning that focuses on moral principles is called:
postconventional
conventional.
universal.
preconventional.
71
A characteristic of adolescence-limited offenders is that:
treatment is not beneficial in preventing career criminals
they tend to break the law with their friends.
there are more girls than boys in this group.
they were raised in wealthy, suburban neighborhoods.
72
First romances typically occur in high school, but breakups are common due to:
All of these reasons.
disloyalty and switching.
cheating and flirting.
the fluidity and rapidity of selection.
73
Which of these is a recent attribute of Head Start?
The program has become increasingly teacher directed
Staff members must have an early-education degree to work in centers.
Parents and teachers now work closely together.
The program provides standard curriculum categories.
74
The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed is referred to as:
empathy
behavioral regulation
emotional control
emotional regulation
75
One sign of maltreatment is:
expressions of joy upon seeing the caregiver.
perfect attendance at school.
close friendships.
fantasy play dominated by violent themes.
76
In childhood, obesity is defined as:
having a BMI above the 95th percentile of children the same age.
having a BMI between 25 and 29.
having a BMI above the 85th percentile of children the same age.
weighing more than 50 percent of what your peers weigh.
77
Which characteristic of adolescent thinking can magnify the effects of cyberbullying?
abstract thinking
the personal fable
the imaginary audience
the invisibility fable
78
The sociodramatic play of girls often revolves around:
themes of good versus evil.
domestic themes.
vocational themes.
fantasy themes.
79
The individual who engages in hypothetical thought clearly demonstrates an understanding of the word:
because.
how.
why.
if.
80
Who of the following is most likely to drop out of high school?
Simone, age 15
Veronica, age 17
Mark, age 16
Claire, age 16
81
What is adolescent egocentrism?
the ability to engage in more systematic thinking
thinking that leads teens to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others
adolescents’ belief that others are better than themselves
the inability to decenter when using logic
82
The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to:
engage children in long-term projects.
help get all children “ready to learn.”
ensure that all children have the same basic ability level.
foster individual pride and accomplishment.
83
Vygotsky emphasized that life lessons that a child learns are respective to both their culture and schooling and:
do not apply to adult learning
are not simply a matter of growing older or maturing
deemphasizes the role of formal traditional schooling
does not take into consideration the child’s motivation to learn
84
A term for several suicides within a group over a brief span of time is:
suicidal ideation.
complex suicides.
parasuicides.
cluster suicides.
85
Kohlberg’s second level of moral reasoning emphasizes:
social rules.
rewards and punishments.
social contracts.
universal ethical principles.
86
Selective attention improves markedly with:
exercise
sewing
music, visual arts and drama
playing organized sports
87
This disorder was once assumed, but has since been disproven, to be caused by infant vaccinations.
acute stress disorder
anorexia nervosa
Asperger syndrome
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
88
Which substance has been identified as a harmful carcinogen in e-cigarettes?
aerosol
benzene
tau
tetrahydrocannabinol (thc)
89
Which statement is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?
Adolescents are more likely to commit suicide than adults are.
Parasuicide is more common between the ages of 18 and 24.
Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but not completed suicides
Rumination is common among adolescents, but suicidal ideation is not.
90
In 2018, more than _______ dollars in federal funds were allocated to Head Start programs.
10 million
3 billion
1 million
9 billion
91
The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical series is:
transitive inference
reversibility
classification
seriation
92
Alda is 6 years old. What math skill will she likely have developed by now?
basic multiplication and division
mastering word problems
comprehension of numbers and counting
understanding how to manipulate temperature
93
Even though it is usually not true, victims of bullying are often thought of as:
class clowns.
gifted learners.
unattractive or odd.
happy.
94
Which condition makes early childhood ideal for language development?
increased brain weight
being worry-free
social interaction
parent-child attachment
95
The rarest family structure in the United States is:
foster.
homosexual.
polygamous.
grandparents alone.
96
In 2019, what percentage of United States high school students ate the recommended servings of vegetables each day?
13 percent
2 percent
8 percent
5 percent
97
11-year-olds Anthony and Samaan hope to have the same teachers. What developmental time period are they currently in?
middle childhood
early childhood
adolescence
infancy
98
Which statement is TRUE of resilience?
Resilience is defined as the absence of pathology.
A child experiencing minor stressors is considered resilient.
Resilience is dynamic.
Resilience is a stable trait.
99
Four-year-old Clinton asked, “Do the clouds get hurt when they touch the sun?” This is an example of:
focus on appearance
static reasoning
animism
scaffolding
100
The percentage of children in the United States that attend private schools is:
30 percent
5 percent
20 percent
11 percent