How did the Aryans invade the Indus Civilizations?

gradually, the came in tribes and conquered the town, it took years

little figures meant to provide for the pharaohs in the afterlife

the caste system in Ancient India

What was the concept of Brahman?

"One True Reality," perfection, and transcended the physical world

How did Ancient Mesopotamia and the Hebrews differ concerning religion?

Mesopotamia was polytheistic & Hebrews were monotheistic

earliest form of writing in Ancient Mesopotamia

enlightenment, release from samsara

What was hieroglyphics?

the form of writing in Ancient Egypt

Why did Siddartha Guatama practice ascetism (denying oneself)?

he wanted to find solace after he witnessed multiple kinds of suffering

attitude of kindness & benevolence; helping others

shrines/holy sites usually dedicated to Siddartha

Atman is totally liberated/free from physical world; state of perfection

determined how/where the Atman was reborn (based on good/bad deeds)

What is the meaning of synoecism?

a coming together of households/tribes to live as a community

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midterm 1; history 121

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ancient mesopotamia to ancient china

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Questions 87

Answers

1
How did the Aryans invade the Indus Civilizations?
quickly with the use of a huge army
gradually, the came in tribes and conquered the town, it took years
2
What were Shabtis?
relics that held the spirits of the gods
another name for priests
little figures meant to help someone reach enlightenment
little figures meant to provide for the pharaohs in the afterlife
3
What are Varnas?
forms of yoga
priests
sacred texts
the caste system in Ancient India
4
What was the Atman?
a state of perfection
the physical body
cycle of reincarnation
an individual soul
5
What was the concept of Brahman?
meditation
the individual soul
reincarnation
"One True Reality," perfection, and transcended the physical world
6
How did Ancient Mesopotamia and the Hebrews differ concerning religion?
No difference, they both worshipped Yahweh
Mesopotamia was monotheistic and Hebrews were polytheistic
No difference, they both worshipped multiple gods
Mesopotamia was polytheistic & Hebrews were monotheistic
7
What was cuniform?
the language of Ancient Greece
Ancient Chinese style of writing
earliest form of writing in Ancient Mesopotamia
a varna/caste group
8
Which is NOT a characteristic of Yin?
female
cold
bright
passive
9
What is a polis?
a city-state
a series of wooden poles
a divine being
10
What is Nirvana?
lucid dreaming
experiencing severe suffering
enlightenment, release from samsara
a shrine
11
The Hebrews were nomads/nomadic.
False
True
12
What does Veda mean?
"king"
"wisdom, knowledge"
"the river"
"social order"
13
What was hieroglyphics?
the form of writing in Ancient Mesopotamia
the language of the Hebrews
the form of writing in Ancient Egypt
the writing of Ancient Greece
14
Mesopotamia was between what two rivers?
Aegean & Tiber
Tigris & Euphrates
Yellow & Yangtze
Nile & Indus
15
Why did Siddartha Guatama practice ascetism (denying oneself)?
he never did this
he wanted to find solace after he witnessed multiple kinds of suffering
he wanted to talk to the gods
he was lonely
16
A goal of Daoism was to achieve Wuwei-disengagement from the world
False
True
17
What was the purpose of the pyramids?
place for religious gatherings
marriage alters
burial tombs for pharaohs
market place
18
What dynasty is known for their use of bronze & for using oracle bones-the first example of Chinese writing ?
Ming Dynasty
Qin Dynasty
Shang Dynasty
Han Dynasty
19
What is Ren?
attitude of kindness & benevolence; helping others
worshipping the gods
filial piety; respect elders
sense of propriety, understanding hierarchy/place in society
20
The Noble Eightfold Path is a key part of the Four Noble Truths.
False
True
21
What is the most famous Coffin Text?
"The Life of King Tut"
"The Death of Ramses II"
"How to Reach the Afterlife"
"The Book of the Dead"
22
In Confucianism, there was no need for education
False
True
23
What is the largest and longest collection of Veda?
Rig Veda
Log Veda
Analects
Book of the Dead
24
What is Qi?
act of getting revenge
cosmic energy, life force
the experience of suffering
enlightenment
25
Ancient Egyptians believed the ruling pharaoh was a human/physical manifestation of Horus.
False
True
26
In Mahayana ("greater vehicle"), it's believed that more people can experience Nirvana & that Buddha is a divine being.
False
True
27
Why was Ramses II significant?
he made Egypt monotheistic
he massively expanded Egypt
he was the god of the afterlife
he built the Pyramid at Giza
28
Greek colonization spread Greek culture all over the Mediterranean.
True
False
29
King Tutankhamun returned the capital of Egypt to Thebes and brought back the worship of many gods.
False
True
30
What is Xiao?
sense of propriety, understanding hierarchy/place in society
attitude of kindness & benevolence; helping others
filial piety; respect elders
worshipping the gods
31
Every year at the same time, the Nile would overflow the banks and then recede back, leaving behind very fertile soil.
False
True
32
Ancient China had a matriarchic authority.
False
True
33
Who was Akhenaten's wife/queen?
Cleopatra
Nefertiti
Isis
Hatshepsut
34
Who were the Brahmins and what body part did they represent?
kings/warriors, arms
laborers/servants, feet
priests, mouth
farmers/artisans/merchants, thighs
35
Who was the founder of Confucianism?
Kong Fuzi
Siddartha Guatama
Laozi
Han Feizi
36
What are stupas?
steep mountains
pretty fountains found in Greek city-states
shrines/holy sites usually dedicated to Siddartha
multi-purpose structures in Mesopotamia
37
What was Moksha?
sacred texts
Atman is totally liberated/free from physical world; state of perfection
group of farmers
cycle of reincarnation
38
What was karma?
discipline by denying yourself pleasures
cycle of reincarnation
liberation from the physical world
determined how/where the Atman was reborn (based on good/bad deeds)
39
What was a Raja?
a farmer
a warrior king
a servant
a widowed women
40
Qin created a system of common weights and measures to facilitate trade across the territory & built a series of walls.
False
True
41
The Qin Dynasty rose to power by building a massive army and conquering nearby regions.
False
True
42
How did Qin rule?
with an oligarchy
with democracy
with legalism
with socialism
43
Who was the first emperor of China?
Hongwu
Kublai Khan
Wu Zhao
Qin Shihuangdi
44
Siddartha sat under a tree called Bodh Gaya where he contemplated the nature of suffering and experienced enlightenment.
True
False
45
What were jati?
mystics
form of currency
sub-varnas
hymns
46
Where was the capital of the Old Kingdom (2700-2200) in Egypt?
Thebes
Alexandria
Siwa
Memphis
47
The Peloponnesian War was fought between which two city-states?
Athens & Corinth
Athens & Sparta
Sparta & Thebes
Thebes & Corinth
48
What is the meaning of synoecism?
having a democratic government
a flooding of the sea
an invasion of an outside people
a coming together of households/tribes to live as a community
49
The physical world is the opposite of the Brahman.
True
False
50
During the Period of the Warring States, every region was at complete peace with each other.
True
False
51
What were pharaohs?
Hebrew priests
kings of Ancient India
leader of a Greek polis
the kings of Ancient Egypt
52
What did the Hoplite Revolution do?
it recognized women as eligible soldiers
it forced people to serve in the military
it brought more participation into the political process
it introduced a massive navy
53
Who were the Kshatriyas and what body part did they represent?
artisans/merchants/farmers, thighs
priests, mouth
kings/warriors, arms
laborer/servants, feet
54
In which era were the pyramids built?
Old Kingdom
New Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
Predynastic/Dynastic Egypt
55
What person did Buddhism start with?
Confucius
Siddartha Guatama
Laozi
Homer
56
What is Li?
filial piety; respect elders
worshipping the gods
attitude of kindness & benevolence; helping others
sense of propriety, understanding hierarchy/place in society
57
Who were the Shudras and what body part did they represent?
laborers/servants, feet
kings/warriors, arms
artisans/merchants/farmers, thighs
priests, mouth
58
What was Samsara?
state of perfection
reincarnation, cycle of life and death of the Atman
the individual soul
mystic texts
59
The Pyramid at Giza is one of the "7 Wonders of the Ancient World."
True
False
60
"Junzi" were known as superior persons in terms of virtue.
False
True
61
Which direction does the Nile River flow?
west to east
east to west
north to south
south to north
62
Why was Akhenaten controversial?
he declared Osiris was the only god that should be worshipped
he had all the pyramids torn down
he had over 100 children
he declared Aten was the only god and outlawed the worship of other dieties
63
With Confucianism, who would be the leaders in a ideal society?
Rajas
Upanishads
Junzi
Buddha
64
In Ancient China, they held the belief that the soul transported from the departed body into a...
shabtis
veda
bodhisattvas
soul tablet
65
Vedas were a combo of songs, prayers, stories, ect meant to explain the mythology & to make sense of the world.
True
False
66
Who were the Vaishyas and what body did they represent?
priests, mouth
artisans/merchants/farmers, thighs
laborer/servants, feet
kings/warriors, arms
67
Which is NOT a characteristic of Yang?
male
hot
active
weak
68
Who was Horus the son of?
Anubis & Ma'at
Akhenaten & Nefertiti
Osiris & Isis
Isis & Set
69
What varna did Siddartha Guatama come from?
Shudra
Brahmin
Vaishya
Kshatriya
70
Qin established his base of operations/capital at Changan.
False
True
71
What is lex talionis?
emphasis on the importance of priests
law of vengeance/retribution
act of honoring the parents
the sanctity of marriage
72
Who was the founder of Daoism?
Kong Fuzi
Han Feizi
Laozi
Siddartha Guatama
73
What was the law code for the Hebrews?
Analects
Law of Hammurabi
Torah
Four Noble Truths
74
Where was the capital of the New Kingdom (1560-1087) in Egypt?
Thebes
Nile
Siwa
Memphis
75
What are Boddhisattvas?
beings who delay their withdraw from the world to help others reach Nirvana
where the souls of the dead go to
figures that hold the souls of the gods
beings that aid pharaohs in the afterlife
76
The two branches of Buddhism are Hinayana and Mahayana.
True
False
77
What is Deer Park?
where Siddartha first experienced Nirvana
where Upanishads taught others
where Siddartha first began teaching others his experience
a place to worship the gods
78
Legalism had no use for individuality and emphasized strong state craft.
True
False
79
The Valley of Kings was a series of above ground pyramids.
True
False
80
Athens had a strong navy, largely due to their use of triremes.
True
False
81
What were Ensi?
enlightened beings from Buddhism
king-priests in Ancient Mesopotamia
the rulers in Ancient Egypt
another name for the emperor in Ancient China
82
Which one is NOT part of the Four Noble Truths?
Suffering comes from experiencing Nirvana
The elimination of desire will eliminate suffering
All life is suffering
Desire is the cause of all suffering
83
What were Upanishads?
another name for Pharaohs from Egypt
wise men who would share teachings, expand on what was already taught
people would lead a Greek polis
the creators of Buddhism
84
Who killed and cut Osiris up into pieces?
his brother, Set
his son, Horus
Anubis
his wife, Isis
85
Yin & Yang were two elements of Qi that acted as interacting/opposing/complementary forces.
False
True
86
Upper Egypt is located in the north of Egypt.
False
True
87
Which one is NOT a reason synoecism might happen?
overpopulation
for security
to share resources
the worship of a common deity

midterm 1; history 121 Flashcards | StudBud