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Best Complete AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Best Complete AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Best Complete AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
mode
midpoint
median
2
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
closure
symmetry
similiarity
3
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
the conscious
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
4
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
5
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
dissociative
cyclical
bipolar
6
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
7
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
8
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
thalamus
gonads
9
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
cerebellum
reticular formation
brainstem
10
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
surprise
fear
happiness
11
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the correlational group
the control group
the experimental group
12
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
reiteration
relearning
13
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
schema
script
chunk
14
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
consistency
predictability
accuracy of inference
15
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
mood
anxiety
schizophrenic
16
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
17
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
humanistic
behavioral
psychoanalytic
18
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
19
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
20
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
prejudices
self-serving bias
stereotypes
21
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
22
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
23
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
24
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
25
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
26
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
resistance to pain
27
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
28
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
29
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
creativity
intelligence
insight
30
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
31
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
a distinctive attribution
an external attribution
32
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
33
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
34
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
a sedative
35
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
36
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
37
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
cognitive dissonance
conformity
groupthink
38
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
39
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
40
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
state-dependent learning
41
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
42
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
tree-bird
boat-goat
fill-feed
43
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
44
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
45
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
46
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
47
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
vitreous humor
iris
lens
48
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a potential score
a percentile score
IQ
49
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
50
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
51
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
repression
suppression
52
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
sensory
short-term
long-term
53
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
54
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
means
standard deviation
percentiles
55
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
56
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
encoded
ablated
retrieved
57
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
a headache
been dreaming
not really been asleep
58
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
59
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
60
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
61
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
episodic
fluid
crystallized
62
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological stability
63
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
64
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
65
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
66
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
67
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
68
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
69
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
70
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
71
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
morphemic
phonemic
mnemonic
72
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
light
tone
food/meat powder
73
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
marijuana
cocaine
heroin
mescaline
74
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the endocrine system
memory
the autonomic nervous system
75
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
personality
temperament
behavioral quality
76
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
abstract operations
logical reasoning
77
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
78
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test norms
test levels
test scales
79
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
80
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
stereotypes
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
81
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
82
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
83
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
conservation
reversibility
egocentrism
84
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
85
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
agonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
86
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
87
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
psychological tests
questionnaires
physiological recordings
direct observation
88
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
89
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
90
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a phobia
a delusion
an obsession
a compulsion
91
According to the medical model...
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
92
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
93
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
94
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
criterion-related
content
absolute
95
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
processing
attention
sensation
96
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
mentalism
cognition
97
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
conflict
pressure
change
98
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
social charm
manipulative behavior
99
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
100
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
shaping
101
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
opiates
pathogens
teratogens
102
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
musical
spatial
logical-mathemathical
103
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
delta
gamma
beta
104
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
105
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
106
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
escape learning
107
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
108
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
standardized validity
109
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
panic disorder
110
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
a personality test
111
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
genital
anal
latency
112
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
fixation
regression
displacement
113
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender roles
gender differences
gender behaviors
114
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
attachment probing
strange situation
115
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
color
light purity
brightness
116
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
117
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
longitundinal
time of testing
sequential
cross-sectional
118
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
119
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
120
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
temporal lobe
stirrup
oval window
121
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
the unconscious
behavior
conscious experience
122
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
cookie
123
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
cultural practices
124
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
125
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
delusions
obsessions
illusions
126
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
127
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
anxiety disorders
marital problems
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
128
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
129
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
group polarization
deindividuation
social loafing
130
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
print letters
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
131
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
individualism
collectivism
attributionism
132
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
133
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
134
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
135
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
limbic system
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
136
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
137
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
consciousness
hypnosis
perception
138
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
narcotics
cannabis
alcohol
139
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
pitch
timbre
decibels
140
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 1
stage 2
stage 4
141
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
142
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
143
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
144
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
pineal gland
thalamus
parietal lobe
145
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
loud noise
rat
146
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
concrete
postconventional
conventional
147
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
148
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
149
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a projective test
a deceptive test
150
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
