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Clinical Psych Final
Clinical Psych Final
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1
In Fisher's model, what should be done after selecting and implementing the most appropriate course of action?
Generate and evaluate alternatives
Understand the perspectives of various parties affected
Modify and continue to evaluate the plan as needed
Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the course of action
2
What is the primary role of expert testimony in forensic psychology?
To critique the methodologies of opposing experts.
Complete expert knowledge of the subject matter.
To support one side of the case.
To ensure the conviction of the defendant.
3
A therapist using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is most likely to help a client with a fear of social rejection by:
Prescribing medication to reduce the client’s anxiety in social situations.
Encouraging the client to avoid social situations that evoke fear.
Helping them accept feelings about rejection+commit to values-based actions
Teaching the client to challenge and change their thoughts about rejection.
4
What behavioral marker id'd by mobile phone sensor data is associated with increased depressive symptom severity? (Saeb)
Increased regularity in 24-hour movement rhythm.
Regular changing of physical locations.
Decreased mobility between favorite locations.
Consistent use of phone throughout the day.
5
What is the accuracy of statistical prediction compared to clinical prediction in estimating dangerousness?
Not significantly different.
About 10% more accurate.
Equally accurate.
About 25% less accurate.
6
What is the purpose of Socratic questioning in Cognitive Therapy?
To help the client discover new perspectives through questioning.
To challenge the therapist’s beliefs.
To provide answers to the clients.
To test the client's general knowledge.
7
What percentage of defendants evaluated are found to be competent to stand trial?
30-45%
70-90%
40-60%
50-75%
8
In a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program, a participant practices mindful eating. This is an example of:
Exposure therapy
Informal practice
Cognitive fusion
Formal practice
9
True or False?
True
False
10
Jordan, usually calm, now has extreme mood swings, feels trapped, and drinks more.
Intervention for alcohol dependency.
Suggest a relaxing vacation.
Watch for signs of potential suicide.
Recommend anger management help.
11
In DBT chain analysis, what is a 'link' typically referring to?
A step in a series towards achieving a goal
A step in the sequence of events leading to a problematic behavior
A positive reinforcement for desired behaviors
A supportive relationship in the client's life
12
What is a key consideration during voir dire in the context of expert testimony for competency evaluations?
Examining the expert's education, training, and professional experiences
Assessing the expert's personal opinions on the case
Identifying psychological problems that may interfere with duties
Evaluating expert's therapeutic interventions for law enforcement personnel
13
When adapting treatment for older adults, what should clinicians be prepared to do?
Repeat themselves and provide clear, concise homework instructions
Use only traditional face-to-face therapy methods
Deliver treatment at a faster pace to retain attention
Focus exclusively on past life experiences
14
What did the Miner et al. study find about conversational agents in relation to mental health?
Technology companies played a significant role
Agents enhanced therapeutic alliance
Entire programs were necessary for meaningful intervention
Agents lacked understanding of mental health issues
15
Which of the following is an example of indicated prevention?
Intervening w/ panic attacks before they develop panic attack disorder.
Targeting first-year college students for intervention.
Educating mothers against drunk driving.
Implementing mindfulness in classrooms.
16
What is a potential benefit of technology in mental health interventions?
Reduction in Professional Time Needed
Limited reach to specific demographics
Increase in emotional barriers
Dependence on traditional care
17
What is the primary advantage of randomized controlled trials?
rely on correlational methods for outcome research
provide qualitative insights into psychological disorders
ensure balance between groups and prevent bias
use small, diverse samples for experimentation
18
What distinguishes universal prevention from other types of prevention?
It is targeted to individuals with subclinical symptoms of a disorder.
It is exclusive to individuals already diagnosed with a disorder.
It is aimed at all members of a given population.
It focuses on treatment rather than prevention.
19
What is the key aspect of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicidal Behavior?
Only people with mental disorders are suicidal
Most suicides happen suddenly without warning
Thwarted belongingness + perceived burdensomeness lead to suicidal ideation
Suicidal ideation always leads to fatal attempts
20
In Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), what does acceptance refer to?
Taking in the moment without defense, without necessarily meaning approval
Approving of one's psychological experiences.
Fully understanding and rationalizing one's thoughts and feelings.
Avoiding painful internal experiences.
21
What kind of degree is needed to perform psychological assessments?
Only PhD, not PsyD
Master's level
Doctorate-PhD or PsyD
Certificate needed in the specific assessment
22
In a session, a psychologist uses the 'Mind-Train' technique from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). This involves
Challenging the logic of thoughts.
Analyzing the root causes of thoughts.
Establishing the links in their thinking process.
Observing thoughts and letting them go.
23
Which of the following is a risk factor for mental health challenges in late life?
Engagement in hobbies
Social isolation
Career advancement
Increased physical activity
24
In crisis interviewing, what should be done if the current risk of suicide is moderate but not imminent?
Develop a safety plan
Diagnose with Depression
Use involuntary civil commitment
Encourage voluntary hospitalization
25
Alex, after losing their job, begins withdrawing, feeling burdensome, and shows erratic sleep patterns.
High risk of suicidal behavior.
Potential sleep disorder development.
Possible aggressive behavior onset.
Likely seeking revenge on ex-employer.
26
Why is prevention emphasized more in medicine than in psychology?
No reimbursement model in psych, stigma, M.D's are multi-determined
Psychology doesn't have prevention strategies.
Seeing a clinican won't help prevent a disorder.
There is no research to support prevention of mental disorders(MD's)
27
What is a challenge or drawback associated with technology-based mental health interventions?
Limited adherence and utilization by users
Dependency on traditional face-to-face therapy
Stepped care model for personalized interventions
increases rates of engagement with human support
28
What does Principle D - Justice in the APA ethical principles entail?
Being truthful and honest
Maximizing benefit and minimizing harm
Respect for people's rights and dignity
Fairness and justice entitle all people to access competent psychology
29
What does Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) primarily focus on?
Teaching parents operant cond. skills to reinforce positive child behavior
Direct interaction between therapist and child only
Providing medication management for children and education for parents
Assessing children's cognitive abilities when interacting with parents
30
How does children's behavior generally compare to adults' in terms of malleability?
Less malleable
Equally malleable
Not malleable at all
More malleable
31
Fisher’s model of ethical decision-making begins with which of the following steps?
Generate and evaluate alternatives
Become familiar with the APA ethical code
Make a commitment to doing what is ethically appropriate
Consult any law or professional guidelines
32
What is a key component of the "5 Action Steps" for suicide prevention?
Sensationalizing the issue to raise awareness
Increasing the person's responsibilities and duties
Negotiating different levels of access to lethal methods
Asking the person at risk about their feelings and thoughts on suicide
33
A DBT technique where the client learns to identify+describe their emotions without avoiding. This technique focuses on:
Emotion Regulation.
Interpersonal Effectiveness.
Cognitive Defusion.
Chain Analysis.
34
In the context of Cognitive Therapy, what is the ABC model?
Technique focusing on Attitude, Belief, and Confidence building
A triad of Anxiety, Behavior, and Cognition assessment.
treatment plan w/ 3 stages: Assessment,Behavior change, and Consolidation.
A process involving Activating Event, Belief (Thoughts), and Consequences.
35
What is a key criterion for an individual to be considered Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI)?
Inability to understand criminality or wrongfulness of the act
The defendant's current mental state
The defendant's potential for rehabilitation
The severity of the crime committed
36
A client struggling with anxiety thinks "I'll never be able to handle social situations." This is an example of
An adaptive belief
Wise Mind
An automatic thought
Logical positivism
37
In the context of multiple relationships in psychology, what is considered unethical?
Multiple relationships are always unethical
Engaging in a professional role w/ a patient while in another role w/ them
Having a professional relationship with a former client
Relationships that might reasonably affect objectivity or competence
38
What does MBSR stand for and what does it primarily involve?
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction;mindfulness meditation,body scanning,etc
Mind-Body Stress Reduction; involves stress management techniques.
Mind-Brain Synchrony Regulation;synchronization. of mind + brain functions.
Mental-Behavioral Skills Reinforcement; positive mindset+behavior skills
39
A client in DBT is learning to recognize the signs of an anxiety attack and use coping strategies to manage distress.
Gratitude journal.
Distress tolerance skill.
Behavioral activation schedule.
Safety plan.
40
What does Principle A - Beneficence and Nonmaleficence in the APA ethical principles emphasize?
Respect for people's rights and dignity
Being truthful and honest
Maximizing benefit and minimizing harm
Fairness and justice
41
What is often the first treatment goal in therapy with children?
Analyzing their family dynamics
Enhancing the child’s motivation to engage in therapy
Immediate behavioral change
Conducting a detailed psychological assessment
42
According to Saeb, what does increased phone usage coupled with reduced social interaction potentially indicate?
Better time management with technology.
A shift towards digital communication preference.
Possible signs of heightened depressive symptoms.
Increased professional or academic workload.
43
What is the PERMA model of well-being?
+Emotions,Engagement+Relationships,Meaning,Accomplishment
Purpose,Empathy,Relaxation,Meaningful connections,Acceptance
Perception,Exploration,Reflection,Mindfulness,Adaptability
Problem solving-Emotional intelligence,Resilience,Motivation,Awareness
44
What is cognitive defusion in the context of ACT?
Looking at thoughts rather than from them.
Solving cognitive problems through logical reasoning.
Suppressing unwanted thoughts.
The fusion of cognitive and behavioral therapies.
45
What best describes benevolent ageism?
A senior-only computer class is offered.
A campaign for better elder healthcare launches.
A company prefers hiring younger over older workers.
An elder is helped across the street without asking.
46
When working with children in therapy, it is crucial to:
Incorporate parents into the treatment planning
Work only with the child, not the parents
Avoid all contact with parents
Let the parents decide which treatment their child needs
47
Which of these scenarios suggests an increased risk of suicide?
) Deep involvement in family's cultural practices
Choosing to unwind with solitary nature walks
Ongoing battle with a serious illness and past distress
Preferring to spend time alone, avoiding social events
48
What is the main purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research?
To provide funding for research
To protect the interests of research participants
To ensure equitable compensation for participants
To facilitate the publication of research
49
What is a characteristic of children's ability to examine their thoughts and feelings?
Less ability to critically examine/discuss their thoughts and feelings.
Usually prefer to write down their thoughts and feelings.
They have a high ability to critically examine their thoughts and feelings.
Can easily express their thoughts and feelings verbally.
50
What role does 'acquired capability' play in the Interpersonal Theory of Suicidal Behavior?
Development of fearlessness about pain, injury/death from painful events
Capability to understand + articulate the reasons behind suicidal ideation
Gaining effective communication skills to express suicidal thoughts
Acquiring the ability to form social bonds and reduce isolation
51
What is malingering, a concept more frequently encountered in forensic psychology than in clinical settings?
The exaggeration or fabrication of symptoms for external benefit.
A technique used in cognitive-behavioral therapy.
A type of psychological test used in assessments.
The accidental misinterpretation of symptoms.
52
According to Clarke et al.'s (2016) study what was the overall sentiment towards the tech therapeutic alliance program?
Mean ratings on the relationship measure were below the neutral midpoints
People had a positive relationship with the tech-based intervention
Participants had a negative relationship with the tech-based intervention
Interviewees expressed dissatisfaction with the program's lack of empathy
53
What is a main difference between a degree in social work and a degree in counseling/clinical psych.
Social work is more systems-based, and are often in administrative roles.
Social work does not include any form of clinical practice.
Counseling/clinical psych is primarily about research methods.
Counseling/therapy focuses more on community and policy issues.
54
What is a key aspect of gratitude journaling as a preventative measure in clinical psychology?
Paying attention to and being grateful for the positive aspects of life.
Repeating the same points without considering different reasons.
Focusing on material things rather than people.
Emphasizing the quantity of entries over the quality of content.
55
What is the purpose of chain analysis in DBT?
To analyze the patient's genetic predisposition to certain behaviors.
To develop a chain of positive thoughts.
To create a step-by-step plan for future goals and aspirations.
To create a sequence of events leading up to a problem behavior.
56
What is essential for informed consent in psychology?
Ensuring that the client is under the age of maturity
Having access + comprehending the information that might influence decision
Providing monetary compensation for participation
Guaranteeing complete confidentiality
57
In the context of suicide clusters and media reporting, what phenomenon can lead to an increase in suicide rates?
Highlighting the effectiveness of crisis hotlines.
Sensationalizing and romanticizing suicide in media reports.
Discussing the causes of suicide and talking about the people impacted.
Encouraging open discussions about suicide prevention.
58
How does Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) differ from Beck's Cognitive Therapy?
Beck's therapy is more focused on medical treatments.
REBT focuses more on past experiences.
Beck's therapy does not involve challenging clients' thoughts.
REBT is more active and often more abrasive.
59
What is the primary goal in determining competency to stand trial?
Determine if defendant can understand +function within the criminal process
To establish the defendant's preemployment fitness for law enforcement
To assess the defendant's guilt or innocence
To evaluate the defendant's mental health history
60
What is Wise Mind in DBT?
Dominance of emotional responses and feelings.
Focus solely on logic and factual reasoning.
Making decisions based only on commonly held wisdoms.
Integration of rational thought and emotional experience.
61
In the context of clinical research, what is the role of mediators?
Mediators are only relevant in cross-sectional studies
Mediators determine the strength of the relationship between variables
Mediators=factors that change during treatment+cause differences in outcome
Mediators are characteristics people have before treatment starts
62
According to the APA ethical principles, what is Principle C - Integrity primarily about?
Respect for people's rights and dignity
Beneficence and nonmaleficence
The general obligation to be truthful and honest
Fairness and justice
63
When conducting child custody evaluations, what should be the highest priority for forensic psychologists?
The preferences of third parties who know the family.
The financial implications of custody decisions.
The best interest of the child.
The legal rights of the parents.
64
Which type of study design involves assigning groups rather than individuals to conditions?
Within-group design
Targeted population design
Analogue design
Quasi-experimental design
65
What is the difference between PsyD and psychology PhD programs?
A PhD program is shorter than a PsyD.
PsyD programs don't require an internship, but PhD's do.
PsyD programs focus more on professional practice and clinical skills.
PhD programs always require a masters degree, but a PsyD doesn't.
66
What is a protective factor against suicide?
Feelings of hopelessness
Isolation and feeling cut off from other people
Responsibilities and duties to others, such as having a pet
History of alcohol and substance abuse
67
How does technology address emotional barriers in mental health interventions?
By providing anonymous and self-paced options
By requiring-in person therapy sessions
By limiting access based income
By prioritizing synchronous communication
68
According to Cognitive Theory, what primarily produces our responses, including maladaptive ones?
External events themselves
The frequency of similar events
Our interpretation of events
The intensity of the event
69
In the context of clinical psychology with older adults, what is a key ethical consideration?
Focusing solely on physical health issues
Prioritizing group therapy over individual therapy
Clients' capacity for insight and judgment
Encouraging independence in decision-making
70
During a crisis interview for assessing suicide risk, what is a crucial aspect to consider?
The individual's intent, means, and plan for suicide.
The individual's willingness to participate in therapy.
The individual's educational background.
The individual's access to a support system.
71
What percent of older adults experience mental health concerns?
40%
50%
75%
20%
72
What is one primary difference in the therapeutic relationship in forensic psychology compared to clinical psychology?
Determining and clarifying who the client is.
The frequency of providing expert testimony.
The setting in which sessions take place.
The use of a multimethod approach in assessments.
