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Environmental Science Final Review
Environmental Science Final Review
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Environmental Science Final Review
Flashcards
75 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as an area that contains more than
2,500 people
250,000 people
25,000 people
250 people
2
Which of the following situations best describes the use of a renewable resource?
filling a car with gasoline
building wooden furniture
mining copper
burning coal in a power plant
3
Succession is possible because
it is a chaotic process that is very difficult to control
climate changes over time
existing plants reproduce quickly
new species make the environment less suitable for others
4
Acid mine drainage
purifies streams
is unregulated in the united states
harms or kills aquatic life
causes acid rain
5
Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will
soon stabilize at the level it is today—about 6 billion
stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050
increase for short time and then decrease to current levels
begin to decrease until it reaches 5 billion
6
When animals are placed in controlled or restrictive environments, they
become immune to infectious diseases
are less likely to compete
may have difficulty meeting their basic needs
have a low rate of genetic disorders bc gene pool is large
7
The chance that an earthquake will occur in your town during the next year is an example of
risk
distribution
correlation
skepticism
8
A true statement concerning the physical properties of air is that
as air warms, the water vapor it holds condenses.
warm air sinks toward Earth’s surface.
warm air holds more water vapor
cold air rises in the atmosphere.
9
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
sewage
all of the above
oil spills
pesticides
10
Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a population’s biotic potential?
the minimum number of offspring each pair can produce
the maximum number of offspring each individual can produce
the number of interactions each individual has
the size of offspring each individual can produce
11
Scientists use statistics to
communicate ideas to each other
all of the above
analyze data
graph data
12
The classification and collection of data that are in the form of numbers is called
mean
probability
distribution
statistics
13
The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called
dredge
smelt
slag
flux
14
Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface?
lithosphere
hydrosphere
atmosphere
geosphere
15
The relationship between a Canadian lynx and a snowshoe hare is an example of
competition
parasite and host
mutualism
predator and prey
16
Which of the following is a developing nation?
Canada
Ethiopia
France
USA
17
In an experiment, the factor of interest is called the
variable
hypothesis
control group
experimental group
18
The bacteria that live in the roots of a soybean plant are critical to nitrogen cycle bc
transform nitrates into nitrogen gas for release
release nitrogen by decomposing dead plant parts.
change atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form
provide the plant with sugars needed for growth
19
Which of the following statements about hydrogen as a fuel source is correct?
When hydrogen is burned, it releases pollutants
Hydrogen can be burned fuel or used electricity chemically
Hydrogen is not abundant enough on Earth
Generating hydrogen by burning fossil fuels is inexpensive
20
Which country is most likely to have either a stabilized or a slowly growing population?
india
pakistan
mexico
canada
21
Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are
fungi
protists
bacteria
all of the above
22
Which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands?
increasing runoff
trapping carbon that otherwise be released into the air
controlling floods
absorbing and removing pollutants from water
23
Which of the following is a side effect of heat islands?
lower temperatures
lower temperatures and drought
drought
increased precipitation
24
Reintroducing the gray wolf in certain areas of the northwestern United States
is part of the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973
discourages hunters from hunting other animals
is beneficial for all of those working in that area
creates a mutualist interaction between wolves and elks
25
Reasons for preserving biodiversity include all of the following except
isolating unique genetic material incorporated crops
preventing natural evolution
increasing the chance of discovering organisms w/ med value
finding new plants that can supp the world’s food supply
26
A heat exchanger is used in
passive solar heating
geothermal power plants
wind turbines
active solar heating
27
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
littoral zones and benthic zones
rivers and streams
lakes and ponds
marshes and swamps
28
Chaparral plants usually survive fires because
they have deep roots that keep them moist during a fire.
water is stored in their small, leathery leaves.
they resprout from small amounts of surviving plant tissue.
they contain oils that act as natural fire extinguishers.
29
In the _____ zone, the water is cool and dark.
littoral
benthic
plankton
eutrophic
30
What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals?
cost to extract
carbon content
electrical conductivity
value
31
The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated by
All of the above
the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals
the detection of Oscillatoria rubescens in Lake Washington
the condition of the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer
32
The type of hunting that threatens species survival the most is
ignored by global conservation groups
legal hunting done by sports enthusiasts
sanctioned by industrialized nations
especially a problem in less developed nations
33
Organisms can adapt
to other organisms.
neither a and b
both a and b
to their physical surroundings.
34
Coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structures that are formed as a result of
minerals that are washed from land ecosystems and build up
the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals
the gradual accumulation and fusion of skeletons of fish
volcanic activity that is common in marine environments
35
Which of the following characteristics is usually shared by bacteria, fungi, and plants?
They have cell nuclei
They have the ability to make their own food
They usually have cell walls
They are single-celled
36
Deep currents flow along the
ocean surface
thermocline
halocline
ocean floor
37
The percentage of energy put into a system that does useful work is
energy conservation
renewable energy
energy conversion
energy efficiency
38
Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
mold appearing on bread overnight
a bank account that earns interest
reindeer in Pribilof Islands after eating lichens
rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
39
Latitude influences climate because _ solar energy falls closer to the equator
more
sometimes less
same amount of
less
40
As they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become
wider
warmer
slower
all of the above
41
What can be done to sustain the productivity of rangeland?
Limit herd size
All of the above
Eliminate invasive plants
Leave the land unused for a time
42
Which of the following is not a mechanism of energy transfer through Earth’s atmosphere?
convection
conduction
condensation
radiation
43
The energy in fossil fuels is often converted to
power plants
uranium
electricity
magnetic fields
44
Adaptations demonstrated by plants in tropical rain forests include
herbs with large flat leaves located in the understory.
orchids and vines that use tall tree trunks for support.
trees with buttresses, increasing stability.
All of the above
45
Which of the following statements related to global warming is not accurate?
Carbon dioxide levels have risen over the last 30 years
By itself, reforestation is not sufficient to slow global w
Only fossil fuels, release carbon dioxide when burned
Global temperature and carbon diox concentrate are related.
46
What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core?
300°C to 400°C
3,000°C to 4,000°C
4,000°C to 5,000°C
400°C to 500°C
47
Which of the following is a reason that wood is a limited resource in developing countries?
Wood is used in place of money to buy food
People cut down trees faster than they can grow
Excess wood is used to construct shantytowns
Fuelwood allows people to purify their water by boiling it
48
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?
naturally occurring
atoms in random geometric patterns
orderly internal structure
usually an inorganic solid
49
An area prone to landslides is an example of
open space
rural land
rangeland
marginal land
50
In what part of the world are the greatest number of extinctions occurring?
in tropical rain forests
in Europe and the United States
in deserts
in the Arctic
51
Which of the following factors does not help predict future oil production?
cost of obtaining fuels
number of oil deposits discovered
changes in technology
number of oil refineries in the past
52
In which country is the population likely to be increasing most rapidly?
Norway
Germany
Kenya
Australia
53
In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases?
pressure
radiation
temperature
both (a) and (c)
54
A focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is the
use of natural resources
interaction among living things
influence of humans on the environment
both a and b
55
Erosion is most likely when the soil is
planted to forest
bare and exposed to wind and rain
covered with grass
plowed along the contour of the land
56
All of these fields of study contribute to environmental science except
social sciences
physics and chemistry
biology and earth sciences
linguistics
57
How can zoos, botanic gardens, and wildlife parks help save species?
both a and c
by preserving threatened species from destruction
by participating in captive breeding programs
by collecting species from remote wilderness areas
58
The 1991 cholera outbreak in Lima, Peru was caused by
lack of clean water
widespread malnutrition
rats and other rodents
inadequate medical care
59
Before you can make a decision using a decision-making model, what step must you take?
all of the above
gather information
explore the consequences of each option
consider which values apply to the issue
60
Many angiosperms depend on
other animals in the oceans
gymnosperms for reproducing
animals to carry pollen and disperse seeds
plants for food
61
What mainly distinguishes nekton from benthos?
One lives in freshwater ecosystem and the other salty
One swims freely and the other attached to a hard surface
One is a predator and the other is a primary producer
All of the above
62
Which of the following contributes most to acid precipitation?
burning of fossil fuels
ethanol
all of the above
radon and ozone
63
Which of the following is a good way to reduce salinization?
use ocean water instead of groundwater to irrigate crops
increase use of synthetic pesticides
adopt no-till farming methods
using rainwater instead of groundwater on crops
64
With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)
unstable system
stationary system
closed system
open system
65
The most energy-efficient vehicles available today are
cars that use biomass fuel
cars with gasoline engines
fuel cell cars
hybrid cars
66
Gangue minerals
are the most difficult to mine
are native elements
are valued for their rarity and durability
have no commercial value
67
Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in
Alaska, Minnesota, New York, and Texas
Texas, Colorado, New York, and the Gulf of Mexico
Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico
Alaska, California, Michigan, and Nevada
68
Between 1880 and 1930 human population doubled due to
the Industrial revolution.
All of the above
improvements in societal infrastructure and services
a combination of high birth rates and low death rates
69
Which organism produces most of the food in an aquatic ecosystem?
fish
barnacles
phytoplankton
zooplankton
70
Earth's various organisms appear to be
concentrated in certain biomes
mostly small vertebrates
evolving at an unprecedented rate
largely known to scientists
71
Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global temperature?
increased frequency of major storms
increase frequency of major droughts
increased polar ice mass
rising sea level
72
Land where it is possible to grow crops is called
arable land
organic land
vegetative land
all of the above
73
Which of the models would you use to represent the shape of Earth’s surface beneath the oceans?
graphical
mathematical
conceptual
physical
74
Nuclear fusion
does not release a great amount of energy
must take place at extremely high temperatures
must take place in low-density containers
results in nuclei that are lighter in weight
75
Which of the following might occur as a result of plastic trash accumulating in the ocean?
Sea birds are strangled by plastic six-pack rings.
Turtles ingest plastic bags and die of intestinal blockage.
All of the above
Sea mammals become tangled in fishing lines and drown.
