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Pharmacology Exam 6 Flashcards | StudBud
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Pharmacology Exam 6
Pharmacology Exam 6
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1
Metabolic alkalosis causes (SATA)
Diuretics that cause potassium depletion
Excess sodium bicarbonate
High altitude
Prolonged constipation, severe vomiting
2
Verapamil uses (SATA)
Angina
Heart rhythm
Hypotension
Anxiety
3
Colesevelam uses
Hypertension
Lower LDL cholesterol
Arrhytmias
Anxiety
4
Expected effects of Dopamine (SATA)
Increased urination
Increased cardiac output
Decreased urination
Decreased cardiac output
5
Metoprolol uses (SATA)
A fib
Leg cramps
Angina
Hypertension
6
Adverse/side effects of Lisinopril (SATA)
Headache and dizziness
Cough
Angioedema(Swelling of the nose and/or face)
Hyperkalemia
7
Vasodilation due to overstimulation of the parasympathetic NS or under stimulation of the sympathetic NS
Hypovolemic shock
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock
8
Extravasation of Dopamine should be treated with...
Phentolamine
Naloxone
Digibind
Propanolol
9
General interventions in treatment of all types of shock (SATA)
Identify underlying cause, then start more specific treatment
Monitor level of consciousness, psychological support, keep patient warm
Administer oxygen at 15 L/min via a nonrebreather mask
Connect to a cardiac monitor, and apply a pulse oximeter
10
Sustained oral Nitroglycerin patient education (SATA)
Do not discontinue without contacting the provider
Slow onset, do not crush or chew
Take on empty stomach with 8 oz of water
For acute attacks
11
Captopril adverse/side effects (SATA)
Chest pain or pressure, palpitations, hyperkalemia
Rapid weightloss
Cough (Can increase cough reflex)
Flushing, rash, numbness, tingling, burning in hands and feet
12
With septic shock, low temperature presents early and then develops into fever
True
False
13
Patient education for transdermal Nitroglycerin application (SATA)
Wear gloves when applying paste or ointment
Use on a hairless, clean are on skin
Fold patch when removing and throw away in an open receptacle
Patient should be free of medication 10-12 h a day
14
Patient education when taking Verapamil (SATA)
Contact provider if adverse side effects occur
No grapefruit juice of caffeine
Take with orange juice
Increase fiber intake to prevent constipation
15
Propranolol uses (SATA)
Hypertension and arrythmias
Anxiety, slows heart rate
Weight loss
Migraines
16
Signs/Symptoms of hemolytic reactions (SATA)
Occult blood in stool
Low back pain and flank pain
Red brown urine and renal failure
Fever, chills and low blood pressure
17
When should you assess vitals in blood administration process? (SATA)
Before administration
15 minutes after administration has started
Every 30 minutes until completion and one hour post completion
24 h after completion
18
Failure of the heart to pump sufficient blood to tissues - left heart failure, MI, dysrhythmias, PE
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock
19
Spironolactone uses (SATA)
CHF
Edema
Hypertension
Hypoglycemia
20
Furosemide can be given if patient's Potassium level is 3.5, but not if it is 5.0
True
False
21
Signs of digitalis toxicity (SATA)
Thirst
Nausea/Vomiting/Diarhhea
Weight loss(Anorexia)
Photophobia
22
Nitroglycerin is taken sublingually every 3 minutes for 5 times
True
False
23
Signs/Symptoms of right-sided heart failure (less common) (SATA)
Liver engorgement, JVD, weight gain
Blood backs to veins, peripheral edema
Blood backs up into lungs - Cough, SOB, Dyspnea
Blood accumulates in left ventricle-thickens and enlarges = hypertrophy
24
Signs/Symptoms of left-sided heart failure (SATA)
Blood backs up into lungs - Cough, SOB, Dyspnea
Blood accumulates in left ventricle-thickens and enlarges = hypertrophy
Liver engorgement, JVD, weight gain
Blood backs to veins, peripheral edema
25
Most prevalent Nitroglycerin side effect
Hypotension
Severe headache
Flushing of face
Rash
26
Acute allergic reaction. Severe reaction to an allergen such as penicillin, nuts, shellfish, or animal proteins
Neurogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Cardiogenic shock
27
Captopril patient education (SATA)
Avoid strenous exercise
Avoid NSAIDs
Take one hour before meals
Maintain consistent fluid intake
28
Verapamil PO immediate-release can be crushed and chewed
True
False
29
Atorvastatin uses
MI
Arrhytmias
Hypertension
Lowering LDL-cholesterol levels
30
Transdermal Nitroglycerin is used for...
Prophylaxis
Intermediate dosing
Acute attacks
Bariatric patients
31
Provider should be notified when a patient is taking Digoxin and... (SATA)
Apical pulse is <60 per minute
Has potassium level is <5.5
Has potassium level is <3.5
Apical pulse is <100 per minute
32
Captopril uses (SATA)
Edema
Increases outcomes after MI
Hypertension
Increases urine output
33
Spironolactone patient education (SATA)
Urine may turn a bluish color
Avoid activities that require alertness
Avoid salt substitutes, monitor BP, keep a log of BP and weights
Report cramps, diarrhea, thirst, altered menstruation, or deepened voice
34
Atorvastatin adverse/side effects (SATA)
Headache, fatigue
Muscle or joint pain, muscle weakness
Severe myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
GI complaints, and heartburn
35
Treatment for Hypermagnesemia
Calcium supplements or vitamin D
Magnesium supplements
Hypotonic fluid, calcium gluconate
Dietary sodium restriction
36
Patient education for Furosemide (SATA)
Eat high potassium foods(eat according to dietary plan)
Rise slowly and carefully
Monitor INO and fluid levels
Avoid Garlic and Feverfew
37
How long should you remain with the patient after blood administration to assess for hemolytic reactions?
5 minutes
10 minutes
15 minutes
30 minutes
38
Labs for Lisinopril (SATA)
Metabolic panel
BUN
Serum bilirubin
AST, ALT
39
Hold Propranolol if... (SATA)
HR <60
Hypertensive
Hypotensive
Patient experiences anxiety
40
Blood administration prep (SATA)
Prime blood tubing with 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)
Assess BUN and AST/ALT results
Measure patients blood glucose prior to administration
Assess vitals before administration
41
Hemolytic reactions can occur up to...
48 hours after administration
24 hours after administration
12 hours after administration
72 hours after administration
42
Colesevelam administration education (SATA)
Take with a glass of water and food
Take with vitamin D supplements
Do not take it within 4 hours of taking other medications
Taken orally in tablet form
43
Therapeutic window for Digoxin
1.6-3.2 NG/ML
0.8-2 NG/ML
2-4.8 NG/ML
4.8-8 NG/ML
44
Lisinopril uses (SATA)
Heart failure
Antihypertensive
Improved outcomes when given within 24 h of MI
Arrhytmias
45
Early sign of Rhabdomyolysis
Hypotension and tachycardia
Bronchospasm
Muscle weakness and pain
Chest pain
46
Digoxin interactions (SATA)
Gingko Biloba, Garlic, Feverfew
Ginseng, Ma huang, Ephedra
Thiazide diuretics
Black cohosh, evening primrose oil
47
Multiple organ dysfunction as a result of pathogenic organisms in the blood
Cardiogenic shock
Septic shock
Hypovolemic shock
Neurogenic shock
48
Patient education when taking Colesevelam (SATA)
Use contraceptives and notify provider of pregnancy
Take a mild laxative as needed
Provide negative results of pregnancy tests to pick up prescriptions
Monitor nutrition status(increase fiber in diet)
49
Loss of blood volume - Hemorhhage, burns, excessive diuresis, or severe vomiting or diarrhea
Cardiogenic shock
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock
50
After a hemolytic reaction has happened, the nurse should... (SATA)
Stop the infusion
Administer the right type of blood 4 h within a hemolytic reaction
Not administer any more blood for 24 h
Send back the blood for testing
51
A high dose of Dopamine is used for...
Promoting gastric motility in absence of peristalsis
Increasing cardiac output, blood pressure
Increasing blood flow to kidneys, urine output
Lowering blood calcium levels
52
Metoprolol hydrochlorothiazide is...
Combination beta blocker and diuretic
Generic name for Metoprolol
Metoprolol for COPD and asthma patients
Another name for a beta blocker
53
Reversal agent for Digoxin
Digibind(Fab Antibody fragments)
Naloxone(Narcan)
Ammonium chloride
Mucomyst(Acetylcysteine)
54
Sublingual Nitroglycerin is used for...
Acute attacks
Prophylaxis
Intermediate dosing
Long term prevention
55
Which of the following patients is risk for fluid volume deficit?
Burn patients, patients that experience shock or hemorhhaging
Patient who was NPO overnight before surgery
Patients with heart and renal failure
Febrile patients who are vomiting and have diarhhea
56
Adverse/Side effects of Spironolactone (SATA)
Decreased urine output
Deepened voice, impotence, gynecomastia, hirsutism
Electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia) and dysrhythmias
Drowsiness, & metabolic acidosis
57
Potassium administration education (SATA)
Safe to use with potassium-sparing diuretics
Treat potassium overload with High result kayexalate
PO take with meals to avoid irritating GI tract / IV diluted, no push
Monitor for cardiac abnormalities
58
Furosemide uses (SATA)
CHF
Edema
Dysrhytmias
Hypertension
59
Furosemide adverse/side effects (SATA)
Decreased K+
Dehydration, dysrhytmias and ototoxicity
Dizziness, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, syncope
Decreased urination
60
Lisinopril administration considerations (SATA)
Safety established for 6 years and older
Assess BP prior to administration
Avoid grapefruit juice
Administer PO
61
Signs and symptoms for Hypermagnesemia (SATA)
Nausea, vomiting, headache
Hypotension and flushing
Bradycardia and alertness
Neuro impairment and loss of deep tension reflexes
62
Nifedipine adverse/side effects (SATA)
Hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure
Increases Digoxin levels
Edema
constipation, headaches, dizziness
63
A low dose of Dopamine is used for...
Promoting gastric motility in absence of peristalsis
Increasing cardiac output, blood pressure
Increasing blood flow to kidneys, urine output
Lowering blood calcium levels
64
Hold Atenolol if... (SATA)
RR 16
HR< 60
Patient is hypotensive
Patient is fatigued
65
Signs and symptoms for fluid volume excess (SATA)
Confusion
Crackles
Jugular vein distension and pitting edema
Dehydration
66
Patient education for Atorvastatin (SATA)
Avoid alcohol
Drink <1000 ml fluids a day
Avoid exercise
Avoid grapefruit juice
67
Atenolol uses
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Cardiac abnormalities
MI
68
Nifedipine uses (SATA)
Hypertension
Edema
Hypotension
Angina
69
Digoxin is used for (SATA)
Heart failure
Hypertension
Atrial fibrillation
Septic shock
70
When a possible digoxin toxicity is suspected, the nurse should first....
Ask patients family about suspicious use of Digoxin
Give digoxin as ordered to avoid shock
Assess vitals(blood pressure, heart rate)
Contact the provider to order reversal agent
71
What should be monitored with Nitroglycerin use? (SATA)
Blood pressure(hypotension)
Hypovolemic shock
Chest pain
Heart rate
72
Contraindications for Propranolol (SATA)
COPD and Asthma
Chronic Alcohol use
Heart failure
Bipolar disorder
