What is not a characteristic of groupthink?

gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)

Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...

a variety of environmental factors

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

blocks the action of neurotransmitters

In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...

were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

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AP Exam Review (100)

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 100

Answers

1
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological instability
psychological stability
physiological instability
2
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
genital
anal
oral
3
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
total loss of personal control
resistance to pain
hallucinations
4
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
ESB
lesioning
5
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
6
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
psychological tests
physiological recordings
questionnaires
7
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
8
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
9
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
10
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
11
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
12
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
relearning
recognition
13
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
14
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
shared inhibition
15
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
cannabis
narcotics
alcohol
16
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
17
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
18
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
stirrup
19
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
20
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
reasoning
intelligence
insight
21
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a delusion
an obsession
a phobia
22
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in openness
low in extraversion
high in agreeableness
23
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rat
rabbit
loud noise
24
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
25
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
display rules
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
26
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
pathogens
teratogens
prenatals
27
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
standard deviation
means
correlation coefficients
28
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
29
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
obedience
conformity
30
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
31
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
32
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
33
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
accuracy of inference
representativeness
consistency
34
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
35
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
36
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
escape learning
an unconditioned response
37
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
timbre
loudness
decibels
38
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
perception
sensation
processing
39
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
concrete
preconventional
postconventional
40
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
REM
stage 1
stage 2
41
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
42
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
repression
avoidance
43
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Rene Decartes
44
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
semantic network
schema
script
45
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
46
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
47
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
48
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
light purity
saturation
brightness
49
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
50
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
51
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
52
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
punishment
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
53
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
54
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
55
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
an aptitude test
a personality test
an intelligence test
56
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
57
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
58
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
anxiety
personality
schizophrenic
59
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
60
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
61
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
median
mean
mode
62
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
attributionism
functionalism
collectivism
63
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
social scripts
display rules
investment differentiations
parental investments
64
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
65
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
66
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
67
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
68
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
69
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalopedal trend
encephalitis
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
70
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
71
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
72
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
limbic system
reticular formation
73
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
modeled
encoded
retrieved
74
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial storage
75
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
76
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not really been asleep
been dreaming
not been dreaming
77
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
78
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
79
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
pineal gland
thalamus
80
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
endorphin
81
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
sequential
longitundinal
cross-sectional
82
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
happiness
surprise
fear
83
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
latent learning
classical conditioning
84
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
85
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
86
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
87
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
procedural
crystallized
fluid
88
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
89
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
sensory memory
90
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
91
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
drive theory
instinct theory
incentive theory
92
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
93
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
shaping
selection
94
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
reversibility
conservation
centration
egocentrism
95
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
compensation
displacement
fixation
96
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
group polarization
deindividuation
social loafing
97
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
musical
98
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
99
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
100
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
hallucinations
obsessions
delusions

AP Exam Review (100) Flashcards | StudBud